40 results
Search Results
2. IFLA General Conference, 1992. Division of Management and Technology: Audiovisual Media (RT); Section on Library Services to Multicultural Populations; Section on Library Buildings and Equipment; Section on Information Technology; Management of Library Associations (RT); Section on Statistics. Papers
- Author
-
International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, London (England).
- Abstract
Eleven papers delivered at the annual meeting of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions for the Division of Management and Technology are presented. Some were presented at a roundtable on audiovisual media, and others are from sessions on library buildings and equipment, information management, and statistics in library management. The following papers are included: (1) "Sound Archives in All India Radio" (H. M. Joshi); (2) "International Market for Spoken Books" (V. Arora, I. Bell, and M. Jenkins); (3) "Talking Books in Arabic, Kurdish, Turkish, and Urdu" (S. Tastesen); (4) "Library Building in the Tropics: The Saint Martin Experience' (B. Hodge); (5) "Model Architectural Design of a Library: Advantages and Defects of the Soviet Experience" (A. Zimonenko); (6) "Automated Strategies for Social Development" (K. S. Oswalt); (7) "Computer and Software for Information Services: An Overview of Mexican Progress" (J. Lau and M. Castro); (8) "Adapting Technologies for Library Processing Projects: Africa, Asia, and South America" (A. R. Pierce); (9) "Librarianship: Profession, Semi-Profession or Mere Occupation?: Surveying the Process of Change and Development in British Librarianship Today" (M. Freeman); (10) "Probability, Statistics and Library Management" (S. K. Basu); and (11) "Le Mesure de la satisfaction des usagers: Statistiques et enguetes aupres du public" (M.-D. Heusse) (French text). (SLD)
- Published
- 1992
3. Hallmarks of Successful Programs in the Developing World. CIEE Occasional Papers on International Exchange No. 22, Forum Series.
- Author
-
Council on International Educational Exchange, New York, NY. and Allaway, William H.
- Abstract
Four papers, focusing on hallmarks for success, which were given at the November 1985 Annual Conference of the Council on International Educational Exchange are presented. All discuss study abroad and set a context for successful institutional programming. An introduction by Paula Spier discusses the movement in American higher education to address its lack of information about the developing world by increasing opportunities for American students to have experiences in Africa, Asia, and Latin America as part of their academic degree programs. The four papers are as follows: (1) "Hallmarks of Successful Programs in the Developing World: The University of California" (William H. Allaway); (2) "Hallmarks of Successful Programs in the Developing World: The University of Wisconsin's College Year in India Program" (Joseph W. Elder); (3) "Hallmarks of Successful Programs in the Developing World: Academic Programs in Universities in Sub-Saharan Africa for Undergraduates" (Joe K. Fugate); and (4) "Hallmarks of Successful Programs in the Developing World: The Great Lakes Colleges Association Latin American Program" (Diane K. Snell). An afterword, by John G. Sommer, encourages study abroad as an experience of discovery of the world, one's own cultural roots, and one's self. (SM)
- Published
- 1987
4. The Multinational Society: Papers of the Ljubljana Seminar.
- Author
-
Mackey, William F. and Verdoodt, Albert
- Abstract
The Ljubljana seminar, whose background and working papers are presented in this volume, was an outcome of the United Nations' consideration of the problems of ethnic and linguistic minorities. The twenty-five papers cover topics such as the study of multinational societies; the protection of minorities and minority rights in Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Austria, the Soviet Union, India, Africa, Southeast Asia, Israel, Britain, and the Caribbean; cultural diversity; and immigrant problems. Chapters 1-3 are background papers, commissioned by the United Nations Secretariat in preparation for the seminar. Chapters 4-23 are working papers, contributed by the participants and presented in regional groups, starting with Central Europe and going on to include Asia, Africa, and North America. (Author/CLK)
- Published
- 1975
5. Integrating Lifelong Learning Perspectives.
- Author
-
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Hamburg (Germany). Inst. for Education. and Medel-Anonuevo, Carolyn
- Abstract
This publication is comprised of 43 papers on the topic of promoting lifelong learning. The papers in Part 1, Overcoming False Dichotomies, are "Lifelong Learning in the North, Education for All in the South" (Torres); "Practice of Lifelong Learning in Indigenous Africa" (Omolewa); "Gender and Information Societies" (Youngs); and "Lifelong Learning for a Modern Learning Society" (Somtrakool). Part 2, Scanning Developments in the Regions, consists of these papers: "Challenges of Lifelong Learning in Africa" (Tapsoba); "Promoting Community-Based Learning Centers in Asia-Pacific" (Oyasu); "European Union (EU) Memorandum on Lifelong Learning" (Smith); "Hungarian Response to the EU Memorandum on Lifelong Learning" (Istvan); "Regional Framework for Action for Adult and Youth Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (2001-10)" (Jauregui de Gainza); and "Lifelong Learning" (Essefi). Part 3, Promoting Democratization, contains these papers: "Learning in a Global Society" (Alexander); "Citizenship and Democracy in Socrates' and Grundtvig's Europe" (Ronai); "Education for Non-Discrimination" (Millan); "Lifelong Learning and Work in Developing Countries" (Pieck); "Globalization, Lifelong Learning, and Response of the Universities" (Peng); and "Combining the World of Work with the World of Education" (Romijn). The papers in Part 5, Making Lifelong Learning Work for Women, are "Gender Equality in Basic Education" (Messina); "Women as Lifelong Learners" (Benaicha); and "Lifelong Learning for Elimination of Violence Against Women" (Kuninobu). The papers in Part 6, Learning Across Generations, are "Achieving Youth Empowerment Through Peer Education" (Wissa); and "Role of Intergenerational Programs in Promoting Lifelong Learning for All Ages" (Ohsako). The papers in Part 7, Learning Across Cultures, are "Cultural Contexts of Learning: East Meets West" (Yang); "Building Community Through Study Circles" (Oliver); "Culturally-Based Adult Education" (Smith); and "Perspective of Lifelong Learning in South Asia" (Bordia). In Part 8, Laying Foundations and Sustaining Achievements Through Literacy and Nonformal Education, are "Literacy Linked Women Development Programs" (Usha); "Lifelong Learning Policy and Practices in the Laos People's Democratic Republic" (Mithong Souvanvixay); "Distance Learning and Adult Education" (Wilson, White); "Role of Partnerships in the Promotion of Lifelong Learning" (Lin); and "Toward the Eradication of Illiteracy Among Youth and Adults in China" (Guodong). Part 9, Creating Environments Conducive to Lifelong Learning, has these papers: "Learning Cities/Region in the Framework of Lifelong Learning" (Doukas); "Adult Education and Lifelong Learning in Sweden" (Salin); "Promoting Lifelong Learning in Beijing for a Learning Society" (Shuping); and "Reorienting Teachers as Lifelong Learners" (Tiedao). (YLB)
- Published
- 2002
6. DEVELOPMENT POLICY IN INDIA -- BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICE.
- Author
-
Nowik, Marcin
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL economic assistance ,ECONOMIC development ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations - Abstract
Copyright of Economics / Ekonomia is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
7. Meet the bridgebloggers.
- Author
-
Zuckerman, Ethan
- Subjects
BLOGS ,INTERNET ,TECHNOLOGY ,LANGUAGE & culture - Abstract
As the blogosphere has expanded outside its original US context, it has changed from an extended community in which everyone shares a roughly similar set of suppositions and languages to a set of separate blogospheres characterized by different cultures and languages. Bridgebloggers—bloggers who seek to mediate between these cultures and languages—play an increasingly crucial role in connecting these disparate spheres of conversation and argument together. In this paper, I discuss the difficulties of quantifying the extent to which the blogosphere is characterized by different language communities and national communities. I employ qualitative evidence to examine blogospheres emerging in Asia, Southern Africa, the Arab-speaking world and elsewhere, and to assess the importance of bridgebloggers in drawing connections between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Practitioners, Learning Difference and Regional and Remote Inclusive Education Settings: A Focused Analysis of the Research and Policy Literature
- Author
-
Australian Association for Research in Education (AARE) and Hollitt, Julie A.
- Abstract
This literature review interrogates current international writing about inclusive education (IE) in regional and remote settings, with explicit reference to Australian considerations, including the emergent National Curriculum. The task of this review has been to establish the types of knowledge reported about IE in minority, marginalized and "other" inclusive educational settings, and to locate the absences of knowledge that the current literature indicates. Finally, future directions for research into IE in minority educational settings are proposed. (Contains 4 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2012
9. ROLE OF BIO-ENERGY PLANTATIONS FOR CARBON-DIOXIDE MITIGATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDIA.
- Author
-
Hooda, N. and Rawat, V. R. S.
- Subjects
FUELWOOD ,CARBON dioxide ,REFORESTATION ,ENERGY policy ,CLIMATE change ,BIOMASS - Abstract
Fuelwood plays an important role in the rural economy of the developing countries of Asia and Africa. Optimizing energy fixation in forest trees through high density energy plantations (HDEP), gasification of wood, and conversion of forest tree biomass, are some of the potential areas whereby additional research and development input for efficient management of atmospheric carbon in our energy system can be incorporated. For example, the photosynthetic efficiency of forest trees is rarely above 0.5%, which on the basis of theoretical considerations can be increased by up to 6.6%. Thus there is an ample scope to improve the efficiency up to 1%, which amounts to doubling of the productivity of the forests. Recent policy changes and experiences with wood-based bio-energy programmes in several countries indicate that woodfuels may become increasingly attractive as industrial energy sources. Use of biodiesel and the formulation of a project for undertaking 13.4 million ha of Jatropha plantations in India highlight the seriousness with which the Government of India is promoting carbon neutral energy plantations. The cost of establishment of plantations primarily for fuel production and its conversion to energy are major deterrents in this pursuit. Some of the issues in developing countries, like low productivity on marginal lands, degraded forest lands, and unorganized units for biomass energy conversion, result in cost escalation as compared to other energy sources. This paper revisits the scope for raising energy plantations, a comparison of the direct and indirect mitigation potential uses of plantations as an adaptation strategy through reforestation and afforestation projects for climate change mitigation and socio-economic issues to make this venture feasible in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. The Kuznets Curve of Education: A Global Perspective on Education Inequalities. CEE DP 116
- Author
-
London School of Economics & Political Science, Centre for the Economics of Education, Morrison, Christian, and Murtin, Fabrice
- Abstract
Education is recognized to be a key factor of economic development, not only giving access to technological progress as emphasized by the Schumpeterian growth theory, but also entailing numerous social externalities such as the demographic transition (Murtin, 2009) or democratization (Murtin and Wacziarg, 2010). If the evolution of world distributions of income and longevity over the last two centuries have been described by Bourguignon and Morrisson (2002), changes in the world distribution of education have remained unexplored until now, despite their major importance. How has global education inequality evolved over the twentieth century? How should it be measured? Up to now, existing studies on education inequality have had limited spatial and time coverage. For example, Castello and Domenech (2002) and Thomas et al. (2001) provide a descriptive analysis of years of schooling inequality for a broad panel of countries, but their study starts only in 1960. Also, they remain at the country level and do not consider the world distribution of years of schooling, which takes into account educational differences both within and between countries. In contrast, this paper depicts the world distribution of education over 140 years, improving and extending the database recently released by Morrisson and Murtin (2009), which focuses on average years of schooling. The authors provide both average years of schooling and the distribution of education as summarised up by four quantiles in each country. Importantly, this new database is cross-validated by historical data on illiteracy rates. Then, they describe average stocks of primary, secondary and tertiary schooling by region since 1870, and estimate world inequality in years of schooling, which has been dramatically reduced since 1870. Focusing on the measurement of education inequality, this paper raises an important methodological issue. The authors show that a substantial share of inequality in years of schooling can be mechanically explained by a single component of the distribution of education, namely the population that has not attended school, subsequently called the illiterate population. Actually, they find that the observed decrease in inequality in years of schooling over the XXth century is almost entirely explained by the decline in illiteracy. They believe that this result, derived both theoretically and empirically, could help to reconsider an empirical fact discussed in the literature on education inequality (see Berthelemy (2006)), namely the cross-country negative correlation between the average of and the inequality in years of schooling. This correlation mainly reflects the negative and mechanical correlation between average schooling and the illiteracy rate. In line with a recent macroeconomic literature (see for instance Hall and Jones (1999)), the authors then turn to human capital as defined by Mincer (1974), in order to confer a monetary dimension to education. They propose estimates of the world inequality in human capital, examining several definitions for human capital. They focus on one functional form in particular, which accounts for the existence of diminishing returns to schooling. It is the only one that can account for the cross-country negative correlation between Mincer returns to schooling and average years of schooling, as described by Psacharopoulos and Patrinos (2004). At the national level, they find that that human capital inequality within countries has increased then stabilized or even decreased in most regions of the world. When plotted against average years of schooling, human capital inequality within countries has clearly followed an inverted U-shape curve, namely a "Kuznets curve of education". At the global level, they also find that human capital inequality has increased from 1870 to approximatively 1970, then has decreased. They interpret these findings as a consequence of mass education and the existence of diminishing returns to schooling. (Contains 6 tables, 6 figures and 14 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2010
11. Literacy, Knowledge and Development: South-South Policy Dialogue on Quality Education for Adults and Young People
- Author
-
UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL) (Germany), Singh, Madhu, and Castro Mussot, Luz-Maria
- Abstract
This publication contains the results of the conference "South-South Policy Dialogue on Quality Education for Adults and Young People" that took place in Mexico City in 2005. Articles were written by participants who presented their national programmes from the governmental perspective, which were reflected in the literacy policies, but there were also important contributions on basic education and competence recognition. Accent was put on the experiences of four countries that were considered as locomotives of development in the field: Brazil, India, South Africa and Mexico. Nevertheless, dialogue was also enriched by information provided by other African, Asian and Latin American countries: Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Bangladesh, Thailand, China, Guatemala, Nicaragua and the Arab States as a whole. This publication contains the following papers: (1) Adult Learning: Situation, Trends and Prospects (Chris Chinien); (2) Brazil's National Programme for Adult and Youth Education (Ricardo Henriques and Timothy Ireland); (3) India's National Adult Education Programme (Satish Loomba and A. Mathew); (4) Mexico's National Adult Education Programme (Luz-Maria Castro-Mussot and Maria Luisa de Anda); (5) South Africa's National Adult Education Programme (Morongwa Ramarumo and Vernon Jacobs); (6) Adult Literacy and Learning in Bangladesh: The UNESCO and NGO Experience (Ahmadullah Mia and Wolfgang Vollmann); (7) Thailand's National Programme of Adult and Youth Education (Roong Aroon and Wilaipan Somtrakool); (8) A System of Quality Education for Adults and Youth in China (Yuquan Qiao); (9) Adult and Youth Education in Nicaragua (Nydia Veronica Gurdian and Elizabeth Navarro); (10) Challenges for the Construction of a Policy for Quality Adult and Youth Education in Guatemala (Ilda Moran de Garcia and Otto Rivera); (11) Namibia's Adult Literacy and Learning Programme (Beans Uazembua Ngatjizeko); (12) Mozambique's Literacy and Adult Education Programmes: A Sub-sector Strategy (Ernesto Muianga); (13) Educating Adults and Youth in Tanzania: Complementary Basic Education (COBET) and Integrated Community-Based Adult Education (ICBAE) (Basilina Levira and Valentino Gange); (14) The Context of Literacy Development and Adult Education in Angola (Juao Romeu and Luisa Grilo); and (15) Adult Education in the Arab Region (Seham Najem, Aicha Barki and Nour Dajani-Shehabi). Also included are: (1) Index of Persons; (2) Index of Subjects; and (3) Index of Subjects by Country. Individual papers contain figures, tables, footnotes and references. [This paper was created with the Mexican National Institute for Adult Education (INEA).]
- Published
- 2007
12. The Underrepresentation of Women in STEM Disciplines in India: A Secondary Analysis
- Author
-
Amirtham S., Nithiya and Kumar, Amardeep
- Abstract
Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education and research are globally recognised as engines of growth and development and indicators of citizens' well-being. Studies have continuously highlighted the unequal access and participation in STEM higher education based on class, caste, gender, disability and other markers of identity. This research paper investigates the underrepresentation of women in STEM at the Indian Institute of Technologies (IITs) in India. IITs are India's top elite institutions that open window of opportunities to students across the world. The study uses the data available from the All India Survey of Higher Education (AISHE), the Council of Indian Institute of Technology and the websites of the IITs. The findings indicate a significant gap between males and females in faculty positions at IITs. Furthermore, the study finds that the underrepresentation of women faculty differs across the STEM disciplines at IITs in India. It needs more gender-just affirmative action policies such as intersectional reservation for women in STEM academic careers, funding, legal protection against harassment, and representation of women in various committees and leadership positions.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Education: Effectively Integrating Technology in Under-Resourced Education Systems
- Author
-
World Bank, Vivek, Kumar, and Bhattacharjee, Pradyumna
- Abstract
Education systems in under-resourced environments face several challenges, some of them exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. A possible way to address some of the challenges is to apply information and communication technologies. However, effectively integrating technology into education systems is a complex task. In this paper, factors contributing to successful integration of technology in education are explored, with a focus on under-resourced contexts. Case studies of successful technology implementation in education systems are discussed and analyzed to identify the factors that drive success. The analysis is framed using the reform strategy offered by The World Development Report 2018 ("Learning to Realize Education's Promise"). This is expected to provide policymakers and practitioners a way to align their education technology initiatives and strategies with the larger education reform agenda. Key lessons identified from the analysis are as follows. First, it is necessary to articulate "what" precisely does the technology intervention change/enable. Second, it is important to better understand the context to develop technologies and implementation strategies that fit the operating context. Third, it is essential to regularly monitor and evaluate programs and to feed that information into continuously improving design and implementation. Fourth, through the entire cycle of technology implementation, stakeholders must be consulted, understood, and empowered. However small the intervention, realizing the potential of technology tools in education requires keeping in mind the big picture offered by these lessons. [For "Learning to Realize Education's Promise. World Development Report, 2018," see ED604389.]
- Published
- 2021
14. Asian and African Civilizations: Course Description, Topical Outline, and Sample Unit.
- Author
-
Columbia Univ., New York, NY. Esther A. and Joseph Klingenstein Center for Independent School Education. and Beaton, Richard A.
- Abstract
This paper provides a skeleton of a one-year course in Asian and African civilizations intended for upper school students. The curricular package consists of four parts. The first part deals with the basic shape and content of the course as envisioned. The remaining three parts develop a specific unit on classical India with a series of teacher notes, a set of student readings that can be used according to individual needs, and a prose narrative of content with suggestions for extension and inclusion. (EH)
- Published
- 1995
15. Lead levels in new enamel household paints from Asia, Africa and South America
- Author
-
Clark, C. Scott, Rampal, Krishna G., Thuppil, Venkatesh, Roda, Sandy M., Succop, Paul, Menrath, William, Chen, Chin K., Adebamowo, Eugenious O., Agbede, Oluwole A., Sridhar, Mynepalli K.C., Adebamowo, Clement A., Zakaria, Yehia, El-Safty, Amal, Shinde, Rana M., and Yu, Jiefei
- Subjects
- *
LEAD toxicology , *ENAMEL & enameling , *HOUSEHOLDS , *PAINT & the environment - Abstract
Abstract: In 2006 a report on the analysis for lead in 80 new residential paints from four countries in Asia revealed high levels in three of the countries (China, India and Malaysia) and low levels in a fourth country (Singapore) where a lead in paint regulation was enforced. The authors warned of the possible export of lead-painted consumer products to the United States and other countries and the dangers the lead paint represented to children in the countries where it was available for purchase. The need for a worldwide ban on the use of lead in paints was emphasized to prevent an increase in exposure and disease from this very preventable environmental source. Since the earlier paper almost 300 additional new paint samples have been collected from the four initial countries plus 8 additional countries, three from Asia, three from Africa and two from South America. During the intervening time period two million toys and other items imported into the United States were recalled because the lead content exceeded the United States standard. High lead paints were detected in all 12 countries. The average lead concentration by country ranged from 6988 (Singapore) to 31,960ppm (Ecuador). One multinational company sold high lead paint in one country through January 2007 but sold low lead paint later in 2007 indicating that a major change to cease adding lead to their paints had occurred. However, the finding that almost one-third of the samples would meet the new United States standard for new paint of 90ppm, suggests that the technology is already available in at least 11 of the 12 countries to produce low lead enamel paints for domestic use. The need remains urgent to establish effective worldwide controls to prevent the needless poisoning of millions of children from this preventable exposure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. International Students of Higher Education in the United States: A GIS Study of Their Origination and Location
- Author
-
Yao, Yuan and Tong, Yonghong
- Abstract
This study investigated the places of origin of international students and their distribution in the United States higher education. The data concerning the population of international students were obtained from the official website of International Institution of Education (IIE), and transferred into three maps using geographic information systems (GIS) software so that a more direct view of the data was available. The results of the study showed that (1) A larger proportion of international students come from Asian countries; (2) California, New York, and Texas are the top three states hosting international students; (3) most of the universities enrolling international students are located in the eastern part of the country; and (4) the states with already large international student populations experienced a faster growth in the population of international students over the past five years. Some implications for policy planning are discussed at the end of this paper.
- Published
- 2018
17. Naturalism and Mannerism in Indian Miniatures
- Author
-
Duran, Jane
- Abstract
In this essay, the author furthers the argument that critical commentary on the Rajput and Muslim miniatures of India has focused on a rather odd use of labels and categories, perhaps to an even greater extent than has been the case with much of the rest of the criticism of the art of South Asia. She first examines the use of the term "mannerist" with respect to this work, noting that Mannerism as a term from a school of the Renaissance has a decided set of connotations attached to it, and one that cannot easily be overlooked or ignored. She notes that it is particularly instructive to attempt to come to grips with the humanist thought that preceded the development of the Renaissance itself, a type of thought that is almost completely lacking in the Indian worldview. She then notes the use of a term that might be thought to be oppositional, "naturalist," in criticism of the Kangra school, and again argues that the term has a meaning from which it is not easily detached. Finally, she comments on the ready availability of formalist lines of criticism for those attempting to deal with Asian work, since Clive Bell, Roger Fry, and others not only cited the applicability of their theories to the work of Asia, and, indeed, Africa, but were noted as having done so by others, including the American commentator Alain Locke. (Contains 10 notes.)
- Published
- 2001
18. The Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP), Severe Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa (SETA), Surveillance of Enteric Fever in India (SEFI), and Strategic Typhoid Alliance Across Africa and Asia (STRATAA) Population-based Enteric Fever Studies: A Review of Methodological Similarities and Differences
- Author
-
Carey, Megan E, MacWright, William R, Im, Justin, Meiring, James E, Gibani, Malick M, Park, Se Eun, Longley, Ashley, Jeon, Hyon Jin, Hemlock, Caitlin, Yu, Alexander T, Soura, Abdramane, Aiemjoy, Kristen, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Terferi, Mekonnen, Islam, Sahidul, Lunguya, Octavie, Jacobs, Jan, Gordon, Melita, Dolecek, Christiane, and Baker, Stephen
- Subjects
TYPHOID fever diagnosis ,DRUG resistance in microorganisms ,HEALTH services accessibility ,IMMUNIZATION ,HEALTH policy ,MEDICAL practice ,PHYSICIANS ,POPULATION density ,PUBLIC health surveillance ,SANITATION ,TYPHOID fever ,TYPHOID vaccines ,DECISION making in clinical medicine ,SYMPTOMS ,SEVERITY of illness index ,INFECTIOUS disease transmission - Abstract
Building on previous multicountry surveillance studies of typhoid and others salmonelloses such as the Diseases of the Most Impoverished program and the Typhoid Surveillance in Africa Project, several ongoing blood culture surveillance studies are generating important data about incidence, severity, transmission, and clinical features of invasive Salmonella infections in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. These studies are also characterizing drug resistance patterns in their respective study sites. Each study answers a different set of research questions and employs slightly different methodologies, and the geographies under surveillance differ in size, population density, physician practices, access to healthcare facilities, and access to microbiologically safe water and improved sanitation. These differences in part reflect the heterogeneity of the epidemiology of invasive salmonellosis globally, and thus enable generation of data that are useful to policymakers in decision-making for the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs). Moreover, each study is evaluating the large-scale deployment of TCVs, and may ultimately be used to assess post-introduction vaccine impact. The data generated by these studies will also be used to refine global disease burden estimates. It is important to ensure that lessons learned from these studies not only inform vaccination policy, but also are incorporated into sustainable, low-cost, integrated vaccine-preventable disease surveillance systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Cardiovascular Disease Screening Among Immigrants from Eight World Regions.
- Author
-
Reynolds, Megan M. and Childers, Trenita B.
- Subjects
IMMIGRANTS ,BLOOD pressure ,BLOOD sugar ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors ,CHOLESTEROL ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,HEALTH services accessibility ,HISPANIC Americans ,MEDICAL screening ,MINORITIES ,PREVENTIVE health services ,RESEARCH funding ,SURVEYS ,WHITE people ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,HEALTH equity ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,EARLY detection of cancer ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
Inequalities between native-born and foreign-born individuals in screening rates for a variety of conditions have been well-documented in literature on immigrant health. A preponderance of this research focuses on the Latin American case and on cancer-specific screening. This study seeks to expand knowledge of such preventative-health screening differences by analyzing screening rates for blood sugar, blood pressure, and serum cholesterol among nine groups overall and (for immigrants) at various stages of US residency. Using nationally representative data from the National Health Interview Survey, we find that immigrants from eight geographic regions receive preventative care at lower rates than US-born Whites and that preventative screening is generally higher after 15 years than during the first 4 years of residency in the United States. Importantly, our data also show that screening patterns and trends vary based on region of origin and outcome. These findings improve our understanding of immigrant health and health care use in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Global Agenda for Typhoid Control—A Perspective from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
- Author
-
Carey, Megan E, Diaz, Zoey I, Zaidi, Anita K M, and Steele, A Duncan
- Subjects
ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. ,HEALTH services accessibility ,MEDICAL care ,PUBLIC health ,PUBLIC health surveillance ,SANITATION ,TYPHOID fever ,WATER supply ,WORLD health ,SEVERITY of illness index ,SALMONELLA diseases ,THERAPEUTICS ,PREVENTION ,VACCINATION - Abstract
Recognizing that enteric fever disproportionately affects the poorest and the most vulnerable communities that have limited access to improved sanitation, safe water sources, and optimal medical care, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has funded efforts to augment global understanding of the disease since the foundation's inception. At the turn of the century, early efforts focused on characterizing the burden of disease in Asia and evaluating use of the available Vi-polysaccharide vaccines through the Diseases of the Most Impoverished projects at the International Vaccine Institute (IVI). More recent efforts have centered on supporting development of typhoid conjugate vaccines and expanding disease surveillance efforts into Africa, as well as generating a greater understanding of the clinical severity and sequelae of enteric fever in Africa, Asia, and India. The Typhoid Vaccine Accelerator Consortium is playing a critical role in coordinating these and other global efforts for the control of typhoid fever. Here, we outline the scope of support and strategic view of the foundation and describe how, by working through strong partnerships, we can realize a radical reduction of the significance of enteric fever as a global public health problem in the next 10 to 15 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. The economics of poverty in poor countries.
- Author
-
Dasgupta P
- Subjects
- Africa, Africa South of the Sahara, Asia, Demography, Disease, Environment, Fertility, India, Population, Population Characteristics, Population Dynamics, Socioeconomic Factors, Developing Countries, Economics, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Nutrition Disorders, Politics, Population Growth, Poverty, Rural Population
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Contradictions in consciousness or variations in tradition: Hindu women in the South African diaspora.
- Author
-
Singh A
- Subjects
- Africa, Africa South of the Sahara, Africa, Southern, Asia, Demography, Developing Countries, Economics, India, Population, Population Dynamics, Religion, Research, Sampling Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, South Africa, Culture, Data Collection, Emigration and Immigration, Hinduism, Interpersonal Relations, Social Class, Transients and Migrants
- Published
- 1995
23. Literacy Campaigns in Developing Countries.
- Author
-
Odunuga, Segun
- Abstract
Discusses the problem of eradicating illiteracy in developing countries, where the illiteracy rate may average about 70 percent. Looks at the Arab countries, Latin America, Africa, and India and the factors that thwart attempts to increase literacy in those countries. These include religious habits and the problem of language in multilingual societies. (SED)
- Published
- 1984
24. Working Conditions.
- Abstract
This series of articles cites a variety of sources and synthesizes a number of studies on the working conditions and the welfare of workers from several countries. (SSH)
- Published
- 1983
25. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (78th, Washington, DC, August 9-12, 1995). International Communications Division.
- Author
-
Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.
- Abstract
The International Communication section of the proceedings contains the following nine papers: "Mobile Satellite Communications--From Obscurity to Overkill" (Patricia T. Whalen); "Does Television Cultivate the Image of America in Japan?" (Shinichi Saito); "Linking International News to U.S. Interests: A Content Analysis" (Daniel Riffe); "Colonial Interventions and the Postcolonial Situation in India: The English Language, Mass Media, and the Articulation of Class" (Radhika E. Parameswaran); "Recent Developments in Freedom of Information in Great Britain: A Preliminary Appraisal of the Government's 'Code of Practice'" (Wallace B. Eberhard); "Insurgent Technology: The Political Ramifications of the Internet in Africa" (David N. Dixon); "Japan's Clouded Window: News on NHK and TBS Television, 1993" (Anne Cooper-Chen); "Media Imperialism Revisited: The Countercase of Asia" (Kalyani Chadha); and "Media and the Politics of Citizens' Press Movement in Korea, 1985-1993" (Yung-Ho Im). (RS)
- Published
- 1995
26. Assessment in Education. IBE Special Alert
- Author
-
International Bureau of Education (IBE) (Switzerland)
- Abstract
As another year is approaching, the time seems appropriate to look back and reflect on all the things that have been done, and more importantly learned during 2014. Along the same lines, and in order to offer further food for thought, the IBE is happy to share with you its latest Thematic alert on the topic of assessment in education. More specifically, the IBE has compiled this list of resources on educational assessment to assist curriculum developers, researchers and practitioners. The first section focuses on assessment for learning, followed by assessment of learning. Other sections include guides and tools, and reports and studies. The Links section provides the URLs for programmes such as: PISA, TIMSS, etc. where their numerous papers and reports may be consulted. Most of the publications and documents are freely accessible online.
- Published
- 2014
27. The phylogeography of Indoplanorbis exustus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Asia.
- Author
-
Liang Liu, Mondal, Mohammed M. H., Idris, Mohamed A., Lokman, Hakim S., Rajapakse, P. R. V. Jayanthe, Satrija, Fadjar, Diaz, Jose L., Upatham, E. Suchart, and Attwood, Stephen W.
- Subjects
PHYLOGEOGRAPHY ,BIOGEOGRAPHY ,SNAILS ,SCHISTOSOMA ,PARASITES ,SKIN inflammation - Abstract
Background: The freshwater snail Indoplanorbis exustus is found across India, Southeast Asia, central Asia (Afghanistan), Arabia and Africa. Indoplanorbis is of economic importance in that it is responsible for the transmission of several species of the genus Schistosoma which infect cattle and cause reduced livestock productivity. The snail is also of medical importance as a source of cercarial dermatitis among rural workers, particularly in India. In spite of its long history and wide geographical range, it is thought that Indoplanorbis includes only a single species. The aims of the present study were to date the radiation of Indoplanorbis across Asia so that the factors involved in its dispersal in the region could be tested, to reveal potential historical biogeographical events shaping the phylogeny of the snail, and to look for signs that I. exustus might be polyphyletic. Results: The results indicated a radiation beginning in the late Miocene with a divergence of an ancestral bulinine lineage into Assam and peninsular India clades. A Southeast Asian clade diverged from the peninsular India clade late- Pliocene; this clade then radiated at a much more rapid pace to colonize all of the sampled range of Indoplanorbis in the mid-Pleistocene. Conclusions: The phylogenetic depth of divergences between the Indian clades and Southeast Asian clades, together with habitat and parasitological differences suggest that I. exustus may comprise more than one species. The timescale estimated for the radiation suggests that the dispersal to Arabia and to Southeast Asia was facilitated by palaeogeographical events and climate change, and did not require human involvement. Further samples from Afghanistan, Africa and western India are required to refine the phylogeographical hypothesis and to include the African Recent dispersal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. THE DEMOGRAPHY OF OLD MACAO, 1555-1640.
- Author
-
Ptak, Roderich
- Subjects
ETHNOLOGY ,PORTUGUESE people ,CHINESE people ,HISTORY - Abstract
The article discusses the demographic characteristics of Old Macao from 1555 to 1640. It states that nearly 400 Portuguese and undetermined number of Indians, Malays, Timorese and Africans lived on Lang-pai-kang around 1555. It mentions that these people, who are mostly merchants, seamen, craftsmen and servants, made up the majority of Macao's founding generation. It notes that due to the absence of European women, the racial composition of Macao started to shift in favour of the Chinese. However, although the city underwent a major change in terms of its ethnic ratio, many people continued to relocate from India, Southeast Asia and Africa.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. On Feeney's method for correcting age distributions for heaping on multiples of five.
- Author
-
Saxena PC and Gogte BH
- Subjects
- Africa, Africa South of the Sahara, Africa, Eastern, Asia, Asia, Southeastern, Censuses, Demography, Developing Countries, India, Indonesia, Population, Tanzania, Age Distribution, Age Factors, Models, Theoretical, Population Characteristics, Research
- Published
- 1985
30. Childlessness and fertility.
- Author
-
Mishra US
- Subjects
- Africa, Africa South of the Sahara, Africa, Eastern, Asia, Asia, Southeastern, Asia, Western, Bangladesh, Demography, Developing Countries, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Population, Population Characteristics, Population Dynamics, Reproduction, Research, Turkey, Age Factors, Birth Rate, Family Planning Services, Fertility, Infertility, Marriage, Models, Theoretical, Parity, Probability, Sexual Behavior, Statistics as Topic
- Published
- 1987
31. Breeding Biofortified Pearl Millet Varieties and Hybrids to Enhance Millet Markets for Human Nutrition.
- Author
-
Govindaraj, Mahalingam, Rai, Kedar Nath, Cherian, Binu, Pfeiffer, Wolfgang Helmut, Kanatti, Anand, and Shivade, Harshad
- Subjects
PEARL millet ,PLANT breeding ,NUTRITION ,MILLETS ,IRON deficiency ,FOOD crops - Abstract
Pearl millet is an important food crop in the arid and semi-arid tropical regions of Africa and Asia. Iron and zinc deficiencies are widespread and serious public health problems worldwide, including in India and Africa. Biofortification is a cost-effective and sustainable agricultural strategy to address this problem. The aim of this review is to provide the current biofortification breeding status and future directions of the pearl millet for growing nutrition markets. Research on the pearl millet has shown that a large genetic variability (30–140 mg kg
−1 Fe and 20–90 mg kg−1 Zn) available in this crop can be effectively utilized to develop high-yielding cultivars with high iron and zinc densities. Open-pollinated varieties (Dhanashakti) and hybrids (ICMH 1202, ICMH 1203 and ICMH 1301) of pearl millet with a high grain yield and high levels of iron (70–75 mg kg−1 ) and zinc (35–40 mg kg−1 ) densities have been developed and released first in India. Currently, India is growing > 70,000 ha of biofortified pearl millet, and furthermore more pipeline cultivars are under various stages of testing at the national (India) and international (west Africa) trials for a possible release. Until today, no special markets existed to promote biofortified varieties and hybrids as no incentive price to products existed to address food and nutritional insecurity simultaneously. The market demand is likely to increase only after an investment in crop breeding and the integration into the public distribution system, nutritional intervention schemes, private seed and food companies with strong mainstreaming nutritional policies. The following sections describe various aspects of breeding and market opportunity for addressing micronutrient malnutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Lymphogranuloma venereum in women.
- Author
-
Osoba AO
- Subjects
- Africa, Africa South of the Sahara, Americas, Asia, Asia, Southeastern, Biology, Caribbean Region, Developing Countries, Disease, Genitalia, India, Infections, North America, Physiology, South America, Urogenital System, Diagnosis, Genitalia, Female, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Signs and Symptoms, Therapeutics
- Published
- 1994
33. HIV-1 transmission through breast milk: a case report.
- Author
-
Sehgal S
- Subjects
- Africa, Africa South of the Sahara, Asia, Biology, Disease, Economics, Health, India, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Lactation, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Physiology, Pregnancy, Reproduction, Research, Virus Diseases, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Breast Feeding, Child Welfare, Developing Countries, HIV Infections, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Milk, Human, Socioeconomic Factors
- Published
- 1992
34. Phakopsora pachyrhizi.
- Author
-
Compton, Jonathan
- Subjects
POPULATION ,FOOD supply ,EMERGENCY food supply ,FOOD consumption ,CALORIC content of foods ,FARMS ,AGRICULTURE - Abstract
Focuses on the impact of population growth on food supply. Reason of European and North American governments for neglecting stockpiling habits; Comparison of calorie consumption and agricultural lands between China and the U.S.; Ecological effects of farmland contraction across Africa, India and Asia.
- Published
- 2005
35. [Chikungunya fever - A new global threat].
- Author
-
Montero A
- Subjects
- Africa epidemiology, Americas epidemiology, Asia epidemiology, Chikungunya Fever diagnosis, Chikungunya Fever prevention & control, Chikungunya Fever transmission, Communicable Diseases, Emerging diagnosis, Communicable Diseases, Emerging prevention & control, Communicable Diseases, Emerging transmission, Europe epidemiology, Global Health, Humans, India epidemiology, Chikungunya Fever epidemiology, Communicable Diseases, Emerging epidemiology
- Abstract
The recent onset of epidemics caused by viruses such as Ebola, Marburg, Nipah, Lassa, coronavirus, West-Nile encephalitis, Saint Louis encephalitis, human immunodeficiency virus, dengue, yellow fever and Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever alerts about the risk these agents represent for the global health. Chikungunya virus represents a new threat. Surged from remote African regions, this virus has become endemic in the Indic ocean basin, the Indian subcontinent and the southeast of Asia, causing serious epidemics in Africa, Indic Ocean Islands, Asia and Europe. Due to their epidemiological and biological features and the global presence of their vectors, chikungunya represents a serious menace and could become endemic in the Americas. Although chikungunya infection has a low mortality rate, its high attack ratio may collapse the health system during epidemics affecting a sensitive population. In this paper, we review the clinical and epidemiological features of chikungunya fever as well as the risk of its introduction into the Americas. We remark the importance of the epidemiological control and mosquitoes fighting in order to prevent this disease from being introduced into the Americas., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Cranial vault shape in fossil hominids: Fourier descriptors in norma lateralis.
- Author
-
Lestrel PE, Ohtsuki F, and Wolfe CA
- Subjects
- Africa, Animals, Asia, Europe, History, Ancient, Humans, India, Paleontology, Phylogeny, Biological Evolution, Fossils, Fourier Analysis, Hominidae anatomy & histology, Skull anatomy & histology
- Abstract
Two major views of human evolution have elicited considerable controversy. These are: [1] the "out of Africa" hypothesis and [2] the "multiregional" hypothesis. This paper is an attempt to try to reconcile these two scenarios using hominid cranial vault data. Elliptical Fourier functions (EFFs) were used to describe, in visual and numerical terms, the shape of the human cranial vault in norma lateralis. Using jpeg images, contours of the cranial vault of a large sample of hominid specimens were pre-processed in Photoshop CS and rotated in 2D space (positional-orientation) so that a line drawn from nasion to porion was horizontal. The cranial vault image was then digitized with 72 closely-spaced points and submitted to a specially written routine that computed EFFs normalized by scaling (size-standardization). This ensured that the representation was invariant with respect to starting point, size and orientation. Statistically significant differences were found between the H. sapiens sample and both the H. erectus and H. neanderthalensis samples. In contrast, there were no statistically significant differences between the H. erectus and H. neanderthalensis groups, leading to three conclusions: [1] the similarity in cranial vault shape between H. erectus and H. neanderthalensis suggests a single gradually evolving lineage; [2] The taxon H. heidelbergensis can be embedded into the H. erectus→H. neanderthalensis line; and [3] H. sapiens seems to be a separate evolutionary development and is considered here either as a separate species or as a possible example of an allopatric semispecies (Grant, 1977). The results here suggest that human evolution over the last 2 Ma may turn out to be neither totally multiregional or simply out of Africa but rather represents a considerably more complicated picture., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Proximal femoral fractures: prevalence in different racial groups.
- Author
-
Parker M, Anand JK, Myles JW, and Lodwick R
- Subjects
- Africa ethnology, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Asia ethnology, England epidemiology, Ethnicity, Europe ethnology, Female, Humans, India ethnology, Male, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Asian People, Black People, Femoral Neck Fractures epidemiology, Femoral Neck Fractures ethnology, Hip Fractures epidemiology, Hip Fractures therapy, White People
- Abstract
This paper describes the methodology and the results of a study performed in Central England. The predominant racial group here is "White European" (Europid). There are smaller numbers of people of Indian origin (Indids) and still smaller numbers of Afro-Caribbean and of Mongolian ancestry (Mongoloids). We found no significant differences in the incidence of hip fractures in the first two groups. The study population was 1600 consecutive patients with proximal femoral fractures (PFF). The difficulties of racial classification are discussed. To elucidate the predisposing factors for PFF, large scale collaborative studies between medical centres in the major European, Asian, African and American conurbations are suggested. Racial burden may be one such factor; osteoporosis may be another.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Utilization of tropical foods: cereals.
- Subjects
- Africa, Asia, Food Preservation, Humans, India, Latin America, Nutritive Value, Tropical Climate, Developing Countries, Edible Grain, Food Supply, Food-Processing Industry
- Published
- 1989
39. Smallpox eradication: selected management issues.
- Author
-
Jarrett SW
- Subjects
- Africa, Africa South of the Sahara, Africa, Western, Asia, Bangladesh, Delivery of Health Care, Disease, Health, Health Services, India, Latin America, Organization and Administration, Primary Health Care, Health Personnel, Health Planning, Health Resources, Immunization, Personnel Management, Program Development, Program Evaluation
- Abstract
The eradication of smallpox was dependent on the attainment of a high level of herd immunity during the consolidation and maintenance phases of the eradication program, after mass vaccination effort had reduced the incidence of the disease to a few endemic areas in the world. Immunity was possible through the immunization of susceptible population. Attainment of effective immunization in both large and small countries, with both concentrated and dispersed population settlement patterns, was dependent not only on improved vaccination technology, notably the widespread availability of heat-stable freeze-dried vaccine and the use of the bifurcated needle, but also on the way eradication programs were designed and implemented. This paper will outline important components of the smallpox eradication program, particularly, information management, personnel management, and material resources management. Although they were critical to the eventual success of the program, there has been little consolidated effort to review these management strategies. The paper, to a large extent, concentrates on the eradication programs of Bangladesh, India, and West Africa, given that these come to the forefront in terms of reviewing management strategies in the internationally available literature.
- Published
- 1985
40. WHO respiratory disease survey in children: a serological study.
- Author
-
Chanock R, Chambon L, Chang W, Gonçalves Ferreira F, Gharpure P, Grant L, Hatem J, Imam I, Kalra S, Lim K, Madalengoitia J, Spence L, Teng P, and Ferreira W
- Subjects
- Africa, Age Factors, Asia, Child, Preschool, Complement Fixation Tests, Health Surveys, Humans, India, Infant, Respiratory Tract Infections immunology, South America, Virus Diseases immunology, Respiratory Tract Infections etiology, Virus Diseases complications
- Abstract
This paper is a report on the first (serological) phase of a study organized by WHO in collaboration with the WHO International Reference Centre for Respiratory Virus Diseases other than Influenza in Bethesda, Md., USA, to define the viral etiology of severe respiratory infections in children, particularly in tropical areas. Paired sera from 528 children up to 5 years old admitted to hospital with severe respiratory illness of probable viral etiology were collected in 10 countries and sent frozen to the International Reference Centre, where standard complement-fixation tests were made for the following agents: parainfluenza virus types 1, 2 and 3, influenza virus types A and B, adenoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Coxiella burneti and psittacosis-ornithosis.Some 41% of paired sera showed rising antibody titres for one or more of these agents, multiple infections being observed in 8%. In most of the countries the pattern of infection was similar. RS virus was the most important respiratory tract pathogen of early life, particularly in the first year of life and in cases of bronchiolitis and pneumonia; the parainfluenza viruses were next in importance, particularly in cases of croup, but, in contra-distinction to RS virus infections, they were commoner in older children. Influenza, adenoviruses, and M. pneumoniae were of moderate importance, and C. burneti and the psittacosis-ornithosis agents were relatively rare. This pattern is similar to that which has been observed in temperate climates.
- Published
- 1967
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.