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A receptor modeling study was performed to identify and apportion the sources of PM10 mass in Granite City, Illinois, an area of historic TSP nonattainment. Samples of the ambient aerosol were collected using a dichotomous sampler. Each sample was analyzed by x-ray fluorescence and instrumental neutron activation analysis. To begin the study, a factor analysis was performed. Two different chemical mass balance (CMB) analyses were then made. The first CMB analysis used only source profiles available from the literature while the second included twelve source profiles developed from dust samples collected in Granite City. Both CMB analyses used 20 of the 33 analyzed elements since many of the source profiles in the literature did not include the other thirteen elements. The results from both sets of CMB analyses were grouped by the predominate wind direction at the site during the time each sample was taken to identify the direction of each source relative to the sampler. It was found that regional sources were the primary contributors to the fine fraction while the coarse fraction was composed of material from local industries. These sources were generally the ones identified during the Regional Air Pollution Study previously conducted in the area. However, the emission profiles from these sources were observed to have changed between the studies. It was also found that the use of the locally generated profiles greatly improved the results of the CMB analysis.

The disposal of complex mixtures such as wastewater on agricultural lands poses known and unknown environmental risks. Mutagens may be introduced into the ecosystem and perhaps concentrated by crop plants or leached into ground water supplies. The purpose of this study was to determine the biological effect of a mutagenic wastewater before and after application to soil. An XAD-8 methanol extract of wastewater from the municipal sewage treatment facility at Sauget, IL, was a potent, direct acting mutagen when assayed with Salmonella typhimurium. One and 3 ml of extract were brought up to 10 ml volumes with water and added to 10 g of sterile or nonsterile native clay loan. These mixtures were incubated at room temperature for 0, 24 and 48 h. After separation of solid and liquid portions by filtration, dichloromethane was added to extract the organic fractions from each component. Solvent extractions were evaporated to dryness under vacuum and brought up in DMSO. Tests for mutagenic activity were conducted using Ames strain TA98. Addition to the soil for greater periods of time decreased the mutagenic activity. The solid component exhibited greater mutagenic activity than the liquid.