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Amongst the various translations from Hebrew into Spanish produced in medieval Spain, those of Mishnaic tractates are inspiring scholarly interest in recent decades. The present article is concerned with some aspects of these texts. Particularly interesting are the questions of attitudes to them; their cultural/ intellectual significance and function; what they tell us about languages in the late medieval Iberian Peninsula. Finally, the article presents an edition of a previously unknown MS of such a translation from the Cairo Geniza. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Although native to Australia, Eucalyptus species are found throughout Europe. At present, they are located mainly in the Iberian Peninsula and Eucalyptus globulus is the most commonly planted species. Climate forecasts anticipate an expansion of Eucalyptus to other regions of Europe. The fast growth of E. globulus, together with its resprouting ability and wood properties, has promoted the use of this species in the Iberian Peninsula. The total volume of E. globulus harvested there was close to 14 million m3 in 2019. Eucalyptus species represent the main source of raw material for the pulp and paper industries and provide an important source of income to non-industrial owners. Being exotic fast-growing trees, their expansion has also been associated with negative environmental impacts. The species therefore poses a series of challenges, while also generating opportunities. The objectives of this review paper are: (1) to summarize the importance of Eucalyptus plantations in Europe; (2) to analyse the opportunities and challenges of this genus in present and future plantations in Europe; (3) to assess to what extent forest management, at both stand and landscape levels, can reduce negative impacts; (4) to make policy and management recommendations that may support the use of this genus in other European regions. These aims are accomplished based on a thorough literature review, particularly focused on research developed in the Iberian Peninsula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the international conference "Court Culture Exchanges between the Courts of the Iberian Peninsula and the Habsburg Netherlands (15th-16th centuries)." Topics include discussions on court structure and ceremonial and relationships between court and city, images of power and portraits, as well as the reception of Iberian communities in the Low Countries courts and Flemish communities in Iberian courts.

Podcasting has emerged as an important tool for interpretive communication of heritage and promotion and marketing of tourism organizations. The integration of podcasting in these organizations' digital models and strategies became even more evident with the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic, setting an alternative and enriching medium for citizens to experience heritage. Thus, the aim of the paper is to explore the use of cultural heritage, tourism-related podcasts in the context of the Iberian Peninsula, a territory with deep geographical and intercultural relationships, with capacity for developing integrated tourism strategies and products, but also with dissimilarities in the tourism and media area. Through qualitative methodology, the cultural heritage, tourism-related podcasts available in Portugal and Spain in 2022 were mapped, an observation grid was built, and a content analysis was carried out, identifying the themes, the origin, the structure, sound expressiveness and narrative techniques used in podcasts. Thus, this paper contributes to a greater understanding of how podcasts are used in the tourism sector, highlighting the good practices existing in both countries, the advantages and potential of podcasts and pointing out new paths that could constitute innovative uses in communication in tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Plants, People, Planet is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Universitaria de Historia Militar (RUHM) is the property of Centro de Estudios de la Guerra and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyses the effects of environmental flows on water quality within a highly regulated basin, focusing on the Turia River basin in the eastern Iberian Peninsula. Through water management and water quality models, a series of simulations were conducted, introducing variations in the outflows of the Loriguilla reservoir to evaluate the effects of different environmental flow scenarios on water quality, particularly at the location of the intake for the water supply to Valencia. Three environmental flow scenarios were analyzed, alongside an alternative management scenario, considering their implications on water quality and reliability of water demand. The findings of this paper, particularly the nitrate (NO3−) concentration evolution, highlight the influence of minimum e-flow and e-flow regimes on water quality within the basin. These results suggest that while modifying the current flow regime can lead to some improvements in nitrate concentrations at the Valencia supply intake point, the primary cause of high nitrate concentrations is attributed to irrigation return flow and the pre-existing contamination of the aquifer. This analysis offers valuable insights into the complexities of water quality management in regulated basins, emphasizing the need for a multi-faceted approach to address the diverse factors influencing water quality and demand supply reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In this paper, we present the zooarchaeological and taphonomic study of a new Bronze Age site in the inland of the Iberian Peninsula. This study represents a significant contribution within the studied area, as it analyses the Pista de Motos faunal collection, one of the few representative samples from this period. This paper significantly contributes to completing the scarce information available for the Bronze Archaeology in the Middle Tagus Valley, located inland of the Iberian Peninsula. The Bronze Age zooarchaeological research for the interior and other regions of the Iberian Peninsula is currently limited. Despite several sites with known zooarchaeological profiles from the period, the main issue is that most of these derive from fragmentary and unrepresentative faunal records or are biased profiles from old excavations. New work has yielded novel zooarchaeological results in recent years that could help fill the existing zooarchaeological information gap in the Iberian inland, particularly in the Middle Tagus Valley. However, these projects are in the initial research stages and have not published much of their results. This paper presents the zooarchaeological profile of the Pista de Motos Bronze Age site to help fill this information gap. It analyses the taxonomic representation, skeletal profiles, and human activity patterns associated with faunal use. These observations suggest that animal exploitation at the site followed two primary purposes. One was linked to economic activities, mainly to obtain meat, milk, wool, or animal labour. The other was probably associated with symbolic-ritual practices suggested by the complete animal burials in some excavated units. We contextualise these interpretations with evidence from other Bronze Age sites in the Middle Tagus Valley. Finally, the paper assesses to what extent Pista de Motos is a relevant site for the zooarchaeology of the Bronze Age in the Iberian inland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industry 4.0 (I4.0) implies a group of technologies, organisational concepts and management principles to improve the performance of manufacturing companies or supply chains driven by production cost optimisation, mass customisation requirements, connectivity and digitisation of factories. The purpose of this paper is to relate Iberian Peninsula advances in I4.0 from Spanish and Portuguese research works published in CJOR papers. Hence this paper reviews the Spanish and Portuguese operations research (OR) and industrial engineering-based papers published in CJOR from 2011, when the I4.0 concept emerged, to the present-day. Here 47 papers are reviewed according to classification criteria based on the following elements: (1) objectives; (2) application context; (3) modelling approach; (4) development or software tool; (5) I4.0 technologies. The main outcomes, limitations and further research are also identified for recent papers. Finally, research trends and future directions in industrial engineering, OR and I4.0 are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the DISASTER database the 20-28 December 1909 was the hydrogeomorphologic event with the highest number of flood and landslide cases occurred in Portugal in the period 1865-2010 (Zêzere et al., 2014). This event also caused important social impacts over the Spanish territory, especially in the Douro basin, having triggered the highest floods in more than 100 years at the river's mouth in the city of Oporto. This work aims to characterize the spatial distribution and social impacts of the December 1909 hydro-geomorphologic event over Iberia. In addition, the meteorological conditions that triggered the event are analysed using the 20 Century Reanalysis dataset from NOAA and precipitation data from Iberian meteorological stations. The Iberian Peninsula was spatially affected during this event along the SW-NE direction spanning from Lisbon, Santarém, Oporto and Guarda (in Portugal), until Salamanca, Valladolid, Zamora, Orense, León and Palencia (in Spain). In Iberia, 134 DIS15 ASTER cases were recorded (130 flood cases; 4 landslides cases) having caused a total of 89 casualties (57 in floods and 32 in landslides) and a total of 3876 people were affected, including fatalities, injured, missing, evacuated and homeless people. This event was associated with some outstanding precipitation values at Guarda station (Portugal) in 22 December 1909 and unusual meteorological conditions characterized by the presence of a deep low pressure system located over NW Iberian Peninsula with a stationary frontal system striking the Western Iberian Peninsula. The presence of an upper-level jet (250 hPa) and low-level jet (900 hPa) located on SW-NE oriented towards the Iberia along with upper-level divergence and lower-level convergence favoured large-scale precipitation. Finally, associated with these features it is possible to state that this extreme event was clearly associated to the presence of an elongated Atmospheric River, crossing the entire northern Atlantic basin and providing a continuous supply of moisture that contributed to enhance precipitation. This work contributes to a comprehensive and systematic synoptic evaluation of the second most deadly hydro-geomorphologic Disaster event occurred in Portugal since 1865 and will help to better understand the meteorological system that was responsible for triggering the event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which examines the limit between the eastern and western domains of the Pyrenean Orogen in Iberia. It says that the Duero and Ebro foreland basins flank to the south the Pyrenean Orogen in the study area. It adds that onset of an intrabelt compression at the boundary between the Cantabrian and Pyrenean domains is determined by the Coexistence of right-lateral and reverse movements to the west and to the east.

Simple Summary: This study systematically reviewed the literature on the bioactivities and phytochemical profile of Genista tridentata (L.) Willk, which is an edible plant used in folk medicine. Four databases (PubMed, GoogleScholar, Repositórios Cientificos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP), and ScienceDirect) were searched from inception up to 31 December 2022. Among 34 eligible papers, the flowers and aerial parts were extensively studied, with aqueous extracts being the most commonly used. The findings suggest that Genista tridentata has high potential as a natural source of antioxidants and preservatives for the food/cosmetic industry, offering health benefits. Additionally, its year-round collectability provides an advantage for industrial applications. Genista tridentata (L.) Willk., known as "prickled broom", is a Leguminosae (Fabaceae) species native to the Iberian Peninsula, Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. It is used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, for gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders, rheumatism, and headaches, to lower blood pressure, against hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia. This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the bioactivities and phytochemical profile of Genista tridentata to understand its pharmacological potential. For this, four electronic databases (PubMed, GoogleScholar, Repositórios Cientificos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCCAP), and ScienceDirect) were searched from inception up to 31 December 2022. From a total of 264 potentially eligible studies considered for screening, 34 papers were considered eligible for this systematic review. The sampling included 71 extracts, collected mainly in Portugal. Genista tridentata extracts present a high level of flavonoids and phenolic compounds. The flowers and aerial parts of the plant were the most studied, and aqueous extracts were the most used. The results predict a high potential for the application of Genista tridentata as a new source of natural antioxidants and preservatives for the food industry with subsequent health benefits, such as the production of nutraceuticals. Moreover, the results indicate that the plant can be collected at all seasons of the year, which represents a benefit for the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Iberian Peninsula constitutes a diversity hotspot with a high number of endemisms, where the land snail genus Iberus is likely the best example. Despite this, its species diversity is still debated as it holds several cryptic species. In the present paper, we use molecular evidence (mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I) to clarify the position of I. ortizi and three new cryptic species that are described herein: I. giennensis, I. axarciensis and I. antikarianus spp. nov. For this, we sampled 281 sampling points to delimitate a comprehensive geographic mapping of these species. Moreover, we carried out a comprehensive morphometric analysis based on 3205 shells. Our findings show that, morphologically, the three described species overlap in the form of their shells, their morphologies being very similar to other close species with nearby distributions (I. ortizi, I. angustatus and I. marmoratus loxanus). Still, all these species are well-defined by genetic distances, but display allopatric distributions, suggesting that they evolved by allopatric speciation as a consequence of biogeographic isolation. Hence, our findings show insights into the evolution of land snails in southeastern Spain, with implications for their conservation, given that our exhaustive sampling shows that the three species described here have very limited distribution ranges, especially I. antikarianus sp. nov. Our study, moreover, implies an integrated approach to the study of the evolution of land snails, including the sampling of the complete geographic area occupied by the genus, genetic analysis to delimit the actual species range, as well as morphometric analyses to understand the phenotypic differentiation and adaptations of the three new species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reuse of construction materials has been a consistent practice throughout the history of architecture, especially prevalent during periods of transition when it was preferred for its ability to simplify installation and reduce construction costs. This practice was particularly common in late Roman urban contexts, where construction materials, especially ashlar and sculptural elements, were abundant following the abandonment of temples and public buildings. However, there are occasions when the use of spolia, or reused materials, goes beyond simple material recycling. The reuse and display of certain pieces carry complex implications involving symbology, cultural appropriation, or collective memory exercises that convey messages through new buildings. In this paper, we focus on the unique case of Hispanic Christian architectural sculptures that were "recycled" in new buildings during the first centuries of Islamic domination of the Iberian Peninsula, specifically within places of worship. Through a general analysis and review of some examples, we aim to reflect on the motivations and intentionality behind the use of certain sculptural pieces and their placement in new buildings, which is not arbitrary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seasonality of hydrographical properties at depth in the western Iberian margin (Eastern North Atlantic) is analysed from a 2003-2010 timeseries of a semi-annual oceanographic section extending ~200nm off Cape Finisterre (43° N). All waters masses down to the whole extent of the permanent thermocline (2000 dbar) show a consistent seasonal signature in their termohaline properties and there is a notable asymmetry between the slope region and the outer ocean (in the surroundings of the Galicia Bank). There is overall cooling and freshening of East North Atlantic Central Waters in summertime, which is larger and deeper-reaching on the slope. In summertime, Mediterranean Water gets tightly attached against the slope and is uplifted, reinforcing its thermohaline signature and diminishing its presence at the outer ocean. In wintertime the situation reverses, MW seems to detach from the slope and spreads out to the open ocean, even developing a secondary branch around the Galicia Bank. Thermohaline seasonality at depth shows values up to 0.4 °C and 0.08 in salinity at the lower MW, of the order of 20% of the overall interannual variability observed during the whole period. Decomposition of thermohaline changes at isobaric levels to changes along isoneutral surfaces and changes due to vertical displacements helps to analyse the physical processes behind the observed seasonality in terms of (1) the large-scale seasonality of the subtropical gyre in response to the seasonal migration of the subtropical high pressure system and subsequent anomalies in Ekman transport and wind stress curl, (2) the continental slope dynamics, characterized by summer upwelling, winter development of the Iberian Poleward Current and Mediterranean Water spreading and (3) the possible influence of seasonal changes of water mass properties at their formation sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Submarine canyons have often been identified as hotspots of secondary production with the potential to house distinct faunal assemblages and idiosyncratic ecosystems. Within these deep-sea habitats, assemblages of scavenging fauna play a vital role in reintroducing organic matter from large food falls into the wider deep-sea food chain. Free-fall baited traps were set at different depths within three submarine canyons on the Iberian Margin. Amphipods from the traps were identified to species level and counted. Scavenging amphipod assemblages were compared at different depths within each canyon, between individual canyon systems, and between the abyssal plain and submarine canyon sites. Samples from canyons were found to contain common abyssal plain species but in greater than expected abundances. Community composition differed significantly between the submarine canyons and abyssal plains. It is proposed that this is a result of the high organic carbon input into canyon systems owing to their interception of sediment from the continental shelf and input from associated estuarine systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the landscapes of Neolithic communities found within Costa da Morte (Coast of Death), Galicia. Its goal is to uncover whether or not the megalithic monuments of a particular and coherent area of the south-eastern side of the Atlantic Façade are situated in relation to complex locational variables. In particular, in this paper, we explore the entirety of their surrounding horizon. For the very first time, we were able to demonstrate that very specific natural landscapes surrounding the dolmens of this region in Iberia were likely selectively drawn upon, expanding our understanding of the Neolithic of this area and the people's relationship with their natural world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to present solutions related to wind energy in EU countries as an alternative to fossil fuels. This article is based on secondary information and statistical data regarding the development of wind power engineering in EU countries for the years 2016–2022. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze of the relations between the development of wind energy in European Union countries and GPD (gross domestic product) per capita and selected factors. The following hypotheses were formulated: H1—There is a statistically significant correlation between GDP per capita and the use of wind energy in European Union countries. H2—There is a relationship between the length of the coastline and the use of wind energy in European Union countries. H3—There is a statistically significant correlation between the attitude to uncertainty of the inhabitants of a given country and the use of wind energy in said country. The presented research results support all these hypotheses. The results of the research regarding H2 are as follows: in the case of northern European countries (Ireland and Finland) and the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the development of wind power engineering in the study period was faster than could be inferred from the length of the coastline in these countries. Regarding hypothesis H1, it was concluded on the basis of the analysis that the involvement of countries in the development of wind power engineering is correlated with their wealth. The novelty of this paper emerges from its innovative approach to analyzing wind power engineering, its incorporation of cultural factors, its quantitative assessment of correlations, and its actionable policy recommendations. These elements collectively contribute to a comprehensive and impactful study that advances our understanding of wind energy adoption in the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses an experimental approach to the archaeological study of Roman camps in NW Iberia using ground-penetrating radar (henceforth GPR). The main goal is to explore the capabilities of GPR to extract datasets from ephemeral features, such as temporary camps or siege works, among others. This information aims to maximise the data available before excavation, orienting it to areas that could provide good results in terms of feature detection and contrast between soil matrix and archaeological deposits. This paper explores the potential of the GPR approach and volumetric data visualisation to improve our understanding of four ephemeral sites: Alto da Raia (Montalegre, Portugal–Calvos de Randín, Spain), Sueros de Cepeda (Villamejil, Spain), Los Andinales (Villsandino, Spain), and Villa María (Sasamón, Spain). Despite the focus of this paper, other survey techniques (namely LiDAR, aerial photography, and magnetometry) were used in combination with GPR. Further excavation of the sites provided ground truthing for all data remotely gathered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bridging the Atlantic and Mediterranean continental margins, the South Iberian region has recently been the focus for geological and biological investigations. The Gulf of Cadiz (GoC) encompasses a great variety of deep-sea habitats that harbour highly diverse biological communities. In this study, we describe the taxa composition of gastropod assemblages from deep-sea habitats in the GoC and analyse the species disributional patterns in relation to their dispersal capabilities and substrate availability. Distinct gastropod assemblages were found at mud volcanoes, carbonate and coral sites, and organic-falls. Overall, the GoC comprises a high diversity of gastropods that include 65 taxa representing 32 families, 48 genera and 30 named species. The highest number of taxa was found at the highly heterogeneous carbonate province in the middle slope (500--1500m depth), and higher abundance of individuals was observed in Captain Arutyunov mud volcano, one of the most active sites found in the GoC. Faunal similarities were found with Mediterreanean cold-seeps (species- and genus-level) and other chemosynthetic environments in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (genus-level). Colonization experiments with organic substrata (wood and alfalfa grass) yielded high abundances of gastropod species. These organic inputs allowed the recruitment of local species but also of wood specialist taxa that were not known to occur in the GoC. Our results suggest that distribution of gastropod assemblages may be primarily determined by the occurrence of suitable habitats probably due to effect of the substrate type on feeding strategies and that larval development is not a limiting factor for colonizaion of the deep sea. However, the predominance of non-planktotrophy, and especially lecithotrophy, suggests that the trade-o? between a more limited dispersal capability and the higher potential for self-recruitment may be favoured by the gastropod species inhabiting reducing environments and other patchily distributed deep-sea habitats. A network of suitable habitats that ensures connectivity of effective populations would explain the predominance and relatively wide distribution of short-distance dispersing non-planktotrophic species at the GoC deep-sea habitats and other geographical regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study of epigraphy as a cultural practice in a case study focused on the northwestern Iberian Peninsula. The main goal is to identify the emergence of divergent dynamics in the adoption and dissemination of epigraphy as a practice, establishing a relationship between the epigraph and its social and territorial context. Therefore, we propose an analysis focused on the study of anthroponymy and theonymy, aiming to find out what practices were carried out, in what environments, and what was the origin of those who practiced them. This information on names and gods will be used to discover the origin of dedicators and divinities, and then related to different attributes, introducing a geospatial and statistical study of the epigraphic record. Accordingly, different trends to approach epigraphic records will be explored, the final step contrasting differences between rural and urban environments and whether that reflects in cultural expressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work introduces CAECENET, a new system capable of automatically retrieving columnar and vertically-resolved aerosol properties running the GRASP (Generalized Retrieval of Atmosphere and Surface Properties) algorithm using sun-sky photometer (aerosol optical depth, AOD; and sky radiance measurements) and ceilometer (range corrected signal; RCS) data as input. This method, so called GRASPpac, is implemented in CAECENET, which assimilates sun-sky photometers data from CÆLIS database and ceilometer data from ICENET database (Iberian Ceilometer Network). CAECENET allows for continuous and near-real-time monitoring of both vertical and columnar aerosol properties. The main characteristics and workflow of CAECENET are explained in detail. This work also explores the potential of CAECENET to monitor and analyze the evolution of transported aerosol events on a regional scale by means of the distribution of CAECENET stations across the Iberian Peninsula. As an example, this paper analyzes, using the CAECENET products, the case of a Saharan dust outbreak that occurred between the 3rd and 5th of October 2022. This was an intense event, with AOD at 440 nm values around 0.5 in Madrid and Valladolid, and reaching 1.55 in Granada. Transport from the Canadian wildfires at the end of June 2023 is also studied. Despite the long-range transport of the smoke particles in this event, measured volume concentrations reached and surpassed 80 μ m3/ μ m2 in some stations. The results obtained point to the utility of this CAECENET tool for analyzing changes in the height and speed of the event propagation, in the aerosol concentration, and how this affects the optical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The paper presents an extensive fish sampling dataset spanning a long-term period from 2010 to 2019. The data were collected in Lenta Marina, an upstream area in the Minho Estuary of the NW Iberian Peninsula, which belongs to a LTSER (Long-Term Socio-Ecological Research) platform. To capture fish, fyke nets were utilised as the sampling method and deployed at Lenta Marina. This dataset offers valuable insights into the abundance of each collected taxa recorded over time. New information: The dataset reports a comprehensive compilation of data on the abundance of fish species observed in the area during the sampling period (includes zeroes when a given taxonomic entity was absent in a given sampling event). It provides a detailed record of the abundances of the fish community through time in a frequent sampling regime (on average, sampling was done every 6 days). The dataset shows that the amount of fish from invasive taxa exceeds the count of fish from native taxa in the Minho Estuary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scale mixtures of skew normal distributions are flexible models well-suited to handle departures from multivariate normality. This paper is concerned with the stochastic comparison of vectors that belong to the family of scale mixtures of skew normal distributions. The paper revisits some of their properties with a proposal that allows to carry out tail weight stochastic comparisons. The connections of the proposed stochastic orders with the non-normality parameters of the multivariate model are also studied for some popular distributions within the family. The role played by these parameters to tackle the non-normality of multivariate data is enhanced as a result. This work is motivated by the analysis of multivariate data in environmental studies which usually collect maximum or minimum values exhibiting departures from normality. The implications of our theoretical results in addressing the stochastic comparison of extreme environmental records is illustrated with an application to a real data study on maximum temperatures in the Iberian Peninsula throughout the last century. The resulting findings may elucidate whether extreme temperatures are evolving for such a long period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sideritis royoi is found in the rocky limestone habitats of the Port Massif (southern Catalonia, Spain). The species was first collected by the local botanist Lluís de Torres in the late part of the 20th century, but the specimens have remained unidentified positively in herbaria for over 40 years. Sideritis royoi likely belongs to section Sideritis subsection Hyssopifoliae and shows some morphological affinities with the relatively widespread South European species S. hyssopifolia L., but it differs from this species because it has subspinescent upper leaves, the main surfaces of its leaves are glabrous or glabrescent, the main abaxial surface of its bracts is without eglandular hairs, and due to the fact that it has shorter inflorescences. Weaker similarities have also been observed with some species belonging to S. subsection Fruticulosae Obón & D.Rivera. In this paper, a description for the new orophilous species is provided, along with a detailed illustration, field photographs, and a comparison with closely related species. We include an assessment of its conservation status and a dichotomous key for the identification of all the species of Sideritis subsection Hyssopifoliae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does our food for thought come virtually from the internet? When we take a long view, the instant stroke of a keyboard pales in comparison to the centuries-old evolution of real food harvesting and the generation and exchange of ideas, which have resulted in creative capital. The vernacular architecture of the agricultural built environment has almost dematerialized in its transition from the ancient pre-industrial era to the post-truth world, to become almost only an imagined concept. The symbology of the common threshing terrace of a Portuguese remote mountain village can now be found in multiple spaces of the urban realm, including in the metaphor of a community arts incubator's modus operandi in Albany, New York (USA). How has the concept of food for thought developed and materialized? How has it evolved? And what are some of the expected ways it might be utilized in the future? The purpose of the paper is to trace the evolution of this concept and its elements via the BLC Framework. The methodology employs a time analysis of approximately three centuries to distinguish three distinct evolutionary phases: (i) the pre-industrial era, (ii) the industrial era, and (iii) the information-driven era. The key finding is an up-to-date discussion of the food for thought concept in two distinct geographical worlds and three-time eras, as well as a set of lessons learned according to a protest poem and a rock song. The results are presented in the form of five lessons learned with implications for public policy: the first two lessons pertain to issues of procedural justice as encapsulated in the anonymous 'The Goose' poem, while the last three result from a discussion of selected verses in Nick Cave's 'Fable of the Brown Ape' rock song. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes use of a combination of FLEXPART‐WRF simulations forced with ERA5 and the CESM2 model—incorporated in the CMIP6 project—to infer a series of changes over the present century in the behavior of the landfalling atmospheric rivers (ARs) arriving to the Iberian Peninsula. In addition, future changes in the intensity and position of their main moisture sources are studied. In overall terms, there is a noticeable increase in the amount of moisture transported by ARs in the study region, particularly accentuated by the end of the century. However, no significant changes in the number of events are observed. A northward shift of both the mean position of the ARs as well as their main sources of moisture is also detected, particularly for the end of the century, and in the summer and fall months. In relation to the latter, an increase in the contribution of moisture contribution is also observed, quantitatively compatible with Clausius‐Clapeyron amplification. Plain Language Summary: This paper makes use of a combination of simulations forced with reanalysis data and a climate model to infer a series of changes over the present century in the behavior of the landfalling atmospheric river—ARs, regions of intense moisture transport located in the lower layers of the atmosphere—arriving at the Iberian Peninsula. In addition, future changes in the intensity and position of their main moisture sources are studied. In overall terms, there is a noticeable increase in the amount of moisture transported by ARs in the study region, particularly accentuated by the end of the century. However, no significant changes in the number of events are observed. A northward shift of both the mean position of the ARs as well as their main sources of moisture is also detected, particularly for the end of the century, and in the summer and fall months. In relation to the latter, an increase in the contribution of moisture contribution is also observed, in a ratio similar to that expected. Key Points: FLEXPART‐WRF forced with CESM2 model has been able to reproduce the historical conditions of Atmospheric River over the Iberian PeninsulaA northward shift of the main source regions is projected, notable in summer and fall and particularly by the end of the centuryGradual strengthening in the intensity of Atmospheric Rivers is expected, observable from an increase in the amount of moisture transported [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a comparison of two rural landscapes in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, where the dynamics of occupation have differed since the end of the ancient world in terms of both the degree of resilience of settlements and the land use. Our purpose was to explore the social, political, economic, and environmental factors that could explain why there has been a long-term cross-cultural occupation of some resilient sites and landscapes for almost a millennium, while there have been only very specific temporary occupations in other areas. The first part of this paper describes the archaeological investigations carried out by means of intensive survey methods, geophysics, and some excavations in peripheral and peri-urban spaces. In the second part, we reflect on whether the use of the same methodology in all cases allows us to compare and understand what makes societies sustainable (or not) over time through their archaeological record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lightning is the most common origin of natural fires, being strongly linked to specific synoptic conditions associated with atmospheric instability, such as dry thunderstorms; dry fuels are required for ignition to take place and for subsequent propagation. Aims: The aim was to predict the daily probability of ignition by exploiting a large dataset of lightning and fire data to anticipate ignition over the entire Iberian Peninsula. Methods: We trained and tested a machine learning model using lightning strikes (>17 million) in the period 2009–2015. For each lightning strike, we extracted information relating to fuel condition, structural features of vegetation, topography, and the specific characteristics of the strikes (polarity, intensity and flash density). Key results: Naturally triggered ignitions are typically initiated at higher elevations (above 1000 m above sea level) under conditions of low dead fuel moisture (<10–13%) and moderate live moisture content (Drought Code > 300). Negative-polarity lightning strikes (−10 kA) appear to trigger fires more frequently. Conclusions and implications: Our approach was able to provide ignition forecasts at multiple temporal and spatial scales, thus enhancing forest fire risk assessment systems. Natural wildfires on the Iberian Peninsula are caused by lightning strikes reaching locations with abundant vegetation, and are favoured by drought conditions that lower the moisture content of the fuels. Here, we developed a model able to forecast and map the likelihood of ignition at a daily timescale. (This paper is part of a Special Issue that includes papers on research presented at the IX International Conference on Forest Fire Research, Coimbra, Portugal, November 2022.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After more than four decades of production in the European Union, turbot (Psetta maxima) farming is a mature sector with a moderate growth trend (2.74% in 2020). Although up to seven countries started the production of this species, there are only four producing countries in 2020, with more than 90% of the production concentrated in the Iberian Peninsula. The objective of this paper is to analyse the economic performance of turbot companies in the EU between 2009 and 2020. In this way, biological, environmental, technological, political and social factors will be interrelated with the economic‐financial performance of the sector in order to reach a holistic understanding of this industry. The novelty of this paper lies in the fact that it is the first to analyse the profitability of the 22 turbot companies, aggregated by size and location, in the EU. The results show that the countries that have achieved success in the production of this species, and whose companies are still active today, are those in which several favourable circumstances converge. Among the most important factors are the location of the plants in the natural distribution area of turbot, an adequate institutional climate, and the financial and technological capacity of the companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Philippine komedya, particularly those that follow the Moro y Cristiano template from Iberia and Meso-America, has been justly accused of marginalizing and denigrating Filipino Muslims. A particular manifestation of such komedya, called Arakyo, persists up to the present day in the town of Peñaranda, in the province of Nueva Ecija, in the central part of Luzon. This paper examines four extant manuscripts of Arakyo. Like the Philippine komedyas about the lives of some saints, otherwise known as komedyas de santo, the Arakyo is based on identifiable hagiographies, namely those of Saint Helena and Emperor Constantine the Great. But unlike many komedyas de santo, the Arakyo also has identifiable historical references. Thus, the narrative of the Arakyo can lend itself towards both hagiographic and historical comparisons. This paper's hagiographical and historical recontextualizations of the Arakyo narrative reveal some glaring telescopings of events, persons, and places, as well as Moro-fications of the villains. This paper argues that if such telescopings and Moro-fications are rectified, the Arakyo can actually become a culturally-sensitive komedya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We have found 117 taxa of lichenicolous fungi in the studied area. In this paper, we describe five taxa: Arthonia boomiana on Nephromopsis chlorophylla, Lawalreea burgaziana on Platismatia glauca, Pronectria scrobiculatae on Lobarina scrobiculata, Trichonectria parmeliellae on Parmeliella testacea and Trichonectria rubefaciens ssp. cryptoramalinae on Ramalina. Furthermore, the next records are interesting chorologically from the Iberian Peninsula: Arthophacopsis parmeliarum, Catillaria lobariicola, Lichenopuccinia poeltii, Myxotrichum bicolor, Nanostictis christiansenii, Niesslia lobariae, Opegrpaha sphaerophoricola, Pronectria fragmospora, Rhymbocarpus aggregatus, R. neglectus, and Tremella cetrariicola. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Arqueología de la Universidad de Navarra is the property of Cuadernos de Arqueologia de la Universidad de Navarra and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Arqueología de la Universidad de Navarra is the property of Cuadernos de Arqueologia de la Universidad de Navarra and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueologia is the property of Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Complutum is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper we introduce an advance on some preliminary reflections that configure the identity of the Roman Asturian population, that occupied the villae of the transmontane Asturian territory during the Late Roman Empire. Through the study of the classical sources, that allude to this people in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, we combine the results together with the spatial analysis of the territory and the mapping of the rural villae (that were distributed throughout this territory). With all of that, we interpret some guidelines that identified the character and personality of the first Asturian Romans. The territory of Asturias was conquered by Rome after the Cantabrian Wars during 29-19 B.C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maritime pine, scientifically known as Pinus pinaster, holds a vital role in Iberian Peninsula forests, primarily as a source of wood for panels, paper, and cellulose production. Recently, there has been a growing interest in utilising agroforestry by-products to yield valuable chemicals for applications in various sectors, including the food, pharmaceutical, and bioenergy industries. This study aimed to assess the value of the primary by-product of Pinus pinaster from the Minho region of northwestern Portugal, i.e., the bark. The research extensively examined the bark's chemical and thermal characteristics, including ash content, extractives, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, fatty acids, and mineral composition. Additionally, various analytical techniques like FTIR, SEM, DSC, DTG, and XRD were used to observe chemical structure differences. The results reveal that the Pinus pinaster bark primarily consists of lignin (51.15%) and holocellulose (46.09%), with extractives mainly soluble in toluene–ethanol, followed by water, and a small amount of them are soluble in ethanol. The bark contained around 0.44% ash, and heavy metals such as Cd and Pb were not found. During degradation, Pinus pinaster experienced a 10% mass loss at 140 °C. In terms of crystallinity, holocellulose and cellulose showed similar percentages at approximately 25.5%, while α-cellulose displayed the highest crystallinity index at 41%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the survival needs of neglected or underutilized species (NUS) in agroforestry can offer valuable insights to mitigate climate change and biodiversity loss. This paper analyses the habitat heterogeneity of Buxus balearica populations (palaeorelict of the Mediterranean Basin) using a methodology that integrates four approaches: ecological profiling, multivariate analysis, and the clustering of populations according to environmental variables and suitability. The habitat analysis was conducted on 240 occurrence points, integrating open-source databases and germplasm collection field work. Results reveal that the distribution of B. balearica in the south of the Iberian Peninsula is mainly conditioned by thermal variations, the humidity regime, and microtopography, which makes it very vulnerable to current and future climate change scenarios. The analysis of habitat heterogeneity demonstrates its capacity to estimate genetic diversity, which provides a solid basis for future research and conservation actions. The rapid extinction process of these boxwoods is evident by comparing the suitability model under different climate scenarios. There is an urgent need to improve the current status of the species and associated landscapes, considering B. balearica as an underutilized species, and establishing a sound management plan to reinforce its populations and protect its natural habitat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Focusing on small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which are characterized by resource restrictions, this paper aims to explore consumer segment profiles by considering demographic, personality and creativity traits to determine whether consumers with different profiles exhibit distinct affective reactions to different logo design types (organic, cultural and abstract). Design/methodology/approach: This exploratory study incorporates recent methodological developments, such as the novel response style correction method, to account for response style effects in evaluations of affect toward logo design. In separate analyses, respondents are segmented according to response style–corrected logo affect and personality and creativity items. The segmentation analysis relies on reduced k-means, a joint dimension and cluster analysis method, which accounts for dependencies between items while maximizing between-cluster variability. A total of 866 respondents from the Iberian Peninsula (Portugal: n = 543; Spain: n = 323) participated. Findings: Based on a study using unknown logos (proxy for lower levels of budget communication, characteristics of SMEs), results reveal that there are three segments of consumers based on their affective response toward logo design: logo design insensitives, cultural logo dislikers and organic logo lovers. These segments are associated with different personality traits, creativity and biological sex (although biological sex is not a discriminant variable). Research limitations/implications: The decision not to control logos by color, to increase external validity, could limit the study's internal validity if this aspect interacts with relevant study variables. Nevertheless, the empirical evidence can be used to further test associations between consumer profiles and responses to logo design. Practical implications: Findings highlight the relevance of considering complex profile segments, combining demographics, psychographics and creativity to predict affective consumer responses to brand logo design. This research provides guidelines for SMEs when choosing or modifying their logo design to appeal to different consumer segments. Originality/value: This study provides managers of SMEs (less present nowadays in empirical studies) with evidence suggesting that complex customer profiles help to understand differences in affective responses to natural logo designs. Furthermore, it relies on the use of a novel methodological development that improves the accuracy of the exploratory study developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of non-indigenous species to aquatic ecosystems is one of the main threats to global biodiversity. This paper reports the occurrence of the blue swimmer crab Portunus segnis in southwestern European waters (i.e., the Gulf of Cadiz). We discuss the invasive potential of P. segnis and possible mechanisms of its expansion into this new region. The detection of this species also highlights the importance of involving citizen scientists in the reporting of non-indigenous species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Valorisation of P. Pinaster, Ait by-products by steam pressure alkali extraction was studied. • Extraction yield, extracts reactivity and chemical composition were evaluated. • Maritime pine by-products were studied as raw materials for particleboard production. • Pinecones incorporation increases the final board quality. • Pine bark showed a noticeable influence on particleboard formaldehyde emission. Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster, Ait.) is one of the most important trees in the Iberian Peninsula forest. Its wood is mainly used in the wood-based panels production and for pulp and paper factories. The aim of this work was the valorisation of the main forest by-products of the P. Pinaster : bark, pinecones and needles. These organic by-products were widely used in small rural farms, but nowadays are mostly left in the forest, contributing to the forest fires problem. P. pinaster by-products were evaluated bearing in mind its wettability and chemical composition (evaluated by FTIR-ATR). Extracts were obtained from the bark, pinecones, and needles using a steam pressure extraction method (2% NaOH)", a simple extraction method used for the first time in the valorisation of biomass for its application in biomaterials. The structures of resorcinol, catechin and phloroglucinol appear in pine needles, pinecones and bark extracts, respectively. Extracts self-condensation curing process was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, and an automatic bonding evaluation system. For the first time particleboards were manufactured at a specific pressure of 4 MPa and 190 °C of press temperature for 3 min, with different percentages of the three maritime pine by-products, using a melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin and citric acid as particle binder. Due to the fast reactivity between polyphenols and formaldehyde, the influence of each by-product on the formaldehyde emission was also studied. The results show that it is possible to improve water resistance and internal bonding strength, and to control formaldehyde emission of particleboards, by using underutilized Maritime pine-based by-products in particleboards, replacing wood particles up to 20 % by weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archeologia Postmedievale is the property of Edizioni all'Insegna del Giglio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mammal Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Today, mercury is a matter of concern for health and environmental authorities across western countries, and legislation has been passed and programs have been implemented for its total elimination from human activity. But this was not always the case: mercury and its compounds have been highly appreciated and used since remote times all over the world with very diverse purposes ranging from decorative, medicinal, metallurgical and symbolic. In particular, cinnabar (HgS, mercury sulfide), a mineral of an intense red color, has been considered in many cultures as an exotic raw material, highly valued and associated with the elites and sacred practice. In this paper, we examine one such case, set almost 5000 years ago, in Copper Age Iberia, by investigating mercury exposure through human bone. The study presented here includes a total of 170 samples from 70 different human individuals and 22 animals (plus one soil sample) from the Copper Age mega-site of Valencina, south-western Spain. It is the largest ever single-site study of exposure to mercury based on human bone in combination with cinnabar use. Abnormally high values are recorded in some individuals dating between 2900 and 2650 BC, especially in those buried in remarkable tombs belonging to the social elite of this period, but high levels of mercury are also recorded in the rest of the population. Three lines of interpretation are used to explain these results, including the manipulation of cinnabar (grinding it into powder, mixing it with other substances, using it for the decoration of objects, buildings and the human body), its direct consumption through ingestion or inhalation by a 'special' social group and the contribution of environmental factors. Based on the currently available evidence, which is carefully reviewed, Valencina represents the most intense and prolonged case of exposure to mercury recorded in human history, which makes it an important site to assess the long and complex history of use of this substance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the study of a rectangular plan sail vault built by brick slices in the Roman villa of Carranque in Spain in the fifth century, in the context of a research project on the constructive configuration of Mediterranean vaults of this kind. The project aims to identify technical links to trace their expansion and examine the possibilities of using this technique in present-day building practice. The case at Carranque confirms the arrival of this vaulting technique to the Iberian Peninsula prior to a possible diffusion through the Arab world. The analysis of a 3d photogrammetric model of the remains allows posing that the solution used to solve the slices meeting at the diagonal is different from Byzantine ones; the large perimetral arches were lowered, almost matching the height of the small ones, and a vertical area was placed, being arranged as if it were part of the vault itself. With this design, it is not easy to notice the rectangular form of the vault. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantification of ecosystem carbon pools is a fundamental requirement for estimating carbon fluxes and for addressing the dynamics and responses of the terrestrial carbon cycle to environmental drivers. The initial estimates of carbon pools in terrestrial carbon cycle models often rely on the ecosystem steady state assumption, leading to initial equilibrium conditions. In this study, we investigate how trends and inter-annual variability of net ecosystem fluxes are affected by initial non-steady state conditions. Further, we examine how modeled ecosystem responses induced exclusively by the model drivers can be separated from the initial conditions. For this, the Carnegie- Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model is optimized at set of European eddy covariance sites, which support the parameterization of regional simulations of ecosystem fluxes for the Iberian Peninsula, between 1982 and 2006. The presented analysis stands on a credible model performance for a set of sites, that well represent the plant functional types and selected descriptors of climate and phenology present in the Iberian region - except for a limited northwestern area. The effects of initial conditions on inter-annual variability and on trends, results mostly from the recovery of pools to equilibrium conditions; which control most of the inter-annual variability (IAV) and both the magnitude and sign of most of the trends. However, by removing the time series of pure model recovery from the time series of the overall fluxes, we are able to retrieve estimates of inter-annual variability and trends in net ecosystem fluxes that are quasi-independent from the initial conditions. This approach reduced the sensitivity of the net fluxes to initial conditions from 47% and 174% to -3% and 7%, for strong initial sink and source conditions, respectively. With the aim to identify and improve understanding of the component fluxes that drive the observed trends, the net ecosystem production (NEP) trends are decomposed into net primary production (NPP) and heterotrophic respiration (RH) trends. The majority (∼97%) of the positive trends in NEP is observed in regions where both NPP and RH fluxes show significant increases, although the magnitude of NPP trends is higher. Analogously, ∼83% of the negative trends in NEP are also associated with negative trends in NPP. The spatial patterns of NPP trends are mainly explained by the trends in fAPAR (r=0.79) and are only marginally explained by trends in temperature and water stress scalars (r=0.10 and r=0.25, respectively). Further, we observe the significant role of substrate availability (r=0.25) and temperature (r=0.23) in explaining the spatial patterns of trends in RH. These results highlight the role of primary production in driving ecosystem fluxes. Overall, our study illustrates an approach for removing the confounding effects of initial conditions and emphasizes the need to decompose the ecosystem fluxes into its components and drivers for more mechanistic interpretations of modeling results. We expect that our results are not only specific for the CASA model since it incorporates concepts of ecosystem functioning and modeling assumptions common to biogeochemical models. A direct implication of these results is the ability of this approach to detect climate and phenology induced trends regardless of the initial conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Southwestern Iberia has played a key role in characterizing Late Pleistocene human ecodynamics. Among other aspects of human behavior, chert procurement and management studies in this region have received increasing attention in the past two decades, especially focusing on the sites showing repeated human occupation, such as the case of Vale Boi (Southern Portugal). However, these studies have been very limited in their geographical scope, and mostly focused on brief macroscopic descriptions of the raw materials. To further our knowledge of the relationship between regional availability of raw materials and its impact on human adaptations and mobility, a more detailed approach to characterizing geological sources is needed. This paper characterizes chert raw materials location, diversity, and availability in a geologically well-defined region of southern Portugal ‐ the Algarve. Through macroscopic and petrographic approaches, we provide a detailed characterization of geological chert sources to build a frame of reference for chert exploitation in the region. Our results show that there are four main chert formations in Algarve, and that despite the within-source variability, sufficient differences at macroscopic and petrographic levels are present to allow clear source attribution. These results provide a baseline for raw material studies in archaeological assemblages across southwestern Iberia, that will be essential to further characterize the dynamics of human behavior in some of the most important eco-cultural niches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]