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Liver cirrhosis results from prolonged, widespread but patchy hepato-cellular necrosis due to various reasons. Objectives: To determine the frequency and severity of hyponatremia in patients with liver cirrhosis. Study Design: Descriptive case series study. Period: Six months. Setting: Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. Methods: The cirrhotic subjects were assessed for hyponatremia and its severity. The data was analyzed in SPSS 16 and the frequency and percentage was calculated for hyponatremia and statistically p -value ⩽0.05 was considered as significant. Result: Sixty five percent males and thirty five percent females of liver cirrhosis were studied. The mean age ± SD of overall cirrhotic subjects was 40.79±7.83. The hyponatremia was identified in 72% (51 males and 21 females) patients. The mean ±SD for Na+ level in overall population was 129.73±83.51 while it was 119.92±3.61 in hyponatraemic cirrhotic subjects. The sodium level in male and female hyponatraemic cirrhotic patients was 121.73±8.63 and 118.92±3.31. Conclusions: Dilutional hyponatremia is frequent in patients with liver cirrhosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the frequency and severity of hypoglycemia in patients with liver cirrhosis. Study Design: Cross sectional case series study. Period: Six months. Setting: Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. Methods: All the patients of liver cirrhosis, of >12 years of age and of either gender were evaluated for hypoglycemia by assessing the glycemic status through random or fasting blood glucose level. The severity of liver cirrhosis was identified according to the Child-Pugh classification whereas the severity of hypoglycemia was grouped in mild, moderate and severe categories. The data was entered and saved in SPSS and frequency and percentage was calculated for hypoglycemia in patients with liver cirrhosis. The stratification was done for age, gender, hypoglycemia and severity of the disease and hypoglycemia. The chi-square test was applied between categorical variables at 95% confidence interval and p -value ⩽0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: During six months study period, total 100 cirrhotic subjects were studied for hypoglycemia, of which 59% were males and 41% were females. The mean ± SD for age in all (100) cirrhotic patients was 42.33 ± 8.87 while the mean ± SD for age in male cirrhotic patients was 44.06±11.45 where as in female cirrhotic subjects it was 39.92±12.55 respectively. The hypoglycemia was observed in 67%, of which 45(67.2%) were males and 22(32.8%) were females. The mean random blood glucose level in male and female hypoglycemic cirrhotic patients was 67.88±8.43 and 65.62±6.75 while the mean fasting blood glucose level in male and female hypoglycemic cirrhotic patients was 52.93±5.31 and 53.64±8.73 respectively. Out of sixty seven hypoglycemic cirrhotic subjects 45(67%) were males and 22(33%) were females. Of sixty seven, 32(47.8%) had moderate hypoglycemia while 30/67(44.8%) were in Child-Pugh class B (p<0.05). Conclusions: The hypoglycemia was detected in patients with liver cirrhosis, hence frequent blood glucose monitoring is one of the most important way to detect mild hypoglycemia and prevent serious and severe episodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]