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The author shows some crucial points of the Budapest School of psychoanalysis, founded by Ferenczi, like the role of external reality, and of social factors in the development and psychopathology of the human being. He introduces Ferenczi's theory of trauma and tries to show that Ferenczi's ideas from 1932 contain all important elements of modern concepts on trauma. Ferenczi's pupils, as Imre Hermann, Alice and Michael Balint, Istvan Hollos a.o. contribute to the further development of the thoughts of their teacher and don't turn their back on the trauma as psychoanalysis in general did. The author closes with some contributons to the theory of trauma by present Hungarian psychoanalysts, especially about the phenomenon of social traumatisation.