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Anaplasma and Ehrlichia are tick-borne bacterial pathogens that cause anaplasmoses and ehrlichioses in humans and animals. In this study, we examined the prevalence of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species in ticks and domesticated animals in Suizhou County, Hubei Province in the central China. We used PCR amplification and DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA, groEL, and gltA genes to analyze. We collected 1900 ticks, including 1981 Haemaphysalis longicornis and 9 Rhipicephalus microplus, 159 blood samples of goats (n = 152), cattle (n = 4), and dogs (n = 3) from May to August of 2023. PCR products demonstrated that Anaplasma bovis, Anaplasma capra, and an Ehrlichia species were detected in the H. longicornis with the minimum infection rates (MIR) of 1.11%, 1.32%, and 0.05%, respectively; A. bovis, A. capra, and unnamed Anaplasma sp. were detected in goats with an infection rate of 26.31%, 1.31% and 1.97%, respectively. Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species were not detected from cattle, dogs and R. microplus ticks. The genetic differences in the groEL gene sequences of the Anaplasma in the current study were large, whereas the 16S rRNA and gltA gene sequences were less disparate. This study shows that ticks and goats in Suizhou County, Hubei Province carry multiple Anaplasma species and an Ehrlichia species, with relatively higher infection rate of A. bovis in goats. Our study indicates that multiple Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species exist in ticks and goats in the central China with potential to cause human infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electric vehicle (EV) industry and related service industries have developed rapidly because of the growing environmental awareness and government support. However, high purchase costs and an imperfect service network hinder EVs'promotion. Based on the time-sharing leasing mode of EVs, this study examines the deployment of EV service stations for intercity travel, considering user experience and allowing multipaths for each origin–destination pair. A novel mathematical programming model is formulated considering the user satisfaction and detour-and-service decision relationship. Further, a linearization method is used to transform a nonlinear satisfaction function into a linear one and improve computational efficiency. To solve the problem, two heuristic algorithms (K-MGAE and K-ALNS) are introduced with modified procedures and operators based on the characteristics of the model. The experimental results are compared with those of CPLEX and K-MGAE over two sets of instances, and it was found that K-ALNS generates a more efficient solution. Then, this study considers a real highway network in the Hubei province of China. Sensitivity analyses are conducted to reveal the location strategy and route selection for EV users under a personal intercity usage scenario. Finally, managerial insights are presented to help governments and enterprises analyze the perception of different types of EV users and optimize the service strategy. Image 1 • A station location model is presented with user satisfaction and the detour strategy. • We optimize the station network for personal usage scenario under time-sharing rental mode. • Two heuristic algorithms are proposed to solve this problem. • Numerical test validates the efficiency of the method and approach. • Parametric analysis for multi-type users on the real-world road network is conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]