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Equity and justice have long been central in transport policy. The emphasise on the importance of individuals' access to social and economic opportunities stresses the link between accessibility and concepts like agency and freedom of choice. It calls for a nuanced and comprehensive understanding of accessibility that considers specific contextual factors that limit people's transport choices, such as the design of public transport networks and services, government interventions, and competition between public transport companies. To promote people's potential mobility and freedom of choice, it is crucial to initially assess the spatial distribution of transport options. In this article, we synthesise the findings from existing scholarship on transport choice, reinforcing the need for (re)considering choice in transport equity. We propose a metric to evaluate the availability of transport choices by considering the trade-off between time and money. By analysing household survey responses on transport choices and transit service datasets, we investigate the spatial disparities in the availability of transport choices within a multimodal public transportation system in Hong Kong and explore how adjusting unappealing choices can potentially enhance transport equity. • Discuss transport equity issues with a relative understudied angle – transport choice. • Propose a metric to assess spatial equity of transport choices. • A realistic case study based on a multi-modal public transport network in Hong Kong. • Implications to transit choice provision and fare adjustment tactics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a proof‐of‐concept designer‐in‐the‐loop schematic map drawing tool, based on the marriage of two approaches—manual and automated, which provides the technical interactivity of drawing tools between the user and the computer. We focus on concentric circle maps as opposed to the commonly used orthogonal mode representation, which is suggested by previous studies that it could promote better network learning. In comparison with existing methods, the proposed method is more compatible with the framework of effective map design from psychological and aesthetic perspectives, and a range of options can be provided in conjunction with users' preferences. We evaluated our approach on a set of iterations with case studies of Hong Kong metro with a group of three co‐authors from the fields of geography, transport engineering, and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transit-oriented development (TOD) aims to create pedestrian-friendly neighborhoods around transit hubs to improve urban mobility. However, it often overlooks the specific transportation needs of people with limited mobility. This study adopts Sen's capabilities approach (CA) and the concept of conversion factors to analyze how ordinary pedestrians, the elderly, and wheelchair users transform planned catchment areas into functional capability spaces. Our focus is on understanding these conversion factors, which highlight both environmental and individual constraints when converting resources into capabilities. Our findings reveal significant disparities in walking environments between the initially planned and the realized catchment areas, as well as disparities between individuals with and without physical limitations. This study complements established quantitative methods, enhancing the application of the CA for evaluation. It provides a more precise assessment of pedestrian infrastructure and advocates for inclusive design improvements in the context of TOD cities and an aging population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pine seedling leaf characteristics show a distinct transition from primary to secondary needles, known as heteroblastic change. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism is poorly understood. The molecular mechanism of sugar metabolism involved in regulating heteroblastic changes in Pinus massoniana seedlings was investigated via transcriptomics and targeted metabolomics. The results identified 12 kinds of sugar metabolites in the foliage. Three types of sugar accumulated at the highest levels: sucrose, glucose and fructose. Compared to seedlings with only primary needles (PN), the contents of these soluble sugars were lower in seedlings with developing secondary needle buds (SNB). RNA-seq analysis highlighted 1086 DEGs between PN and SNB seedlings, revealing significant enrichment in KEGG pathways including starch and sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction and amino sugar and nucleic acid sugar metabolism. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed that HK , MDH , and ATPase could potentially enhance sugar availability by stimulating the glycolytic/TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. These processes may lead to a reduced sugar content in the foliage of SNB seedlings. We also identified 72 transcription factors, among which the expression levels of MYB, WRKY, NAC and C2H2 family genes were closely related to those of DEGs in the sugar metabolism pathway. In addition, we identified alternative splicing (AS) events in one NAC gene leading to two isoforms, PmNAC5L and PmNAC5S. PmNAC5L was significantly upregulated, while PmNAC5S was significantly downregulated in SNB seedlings. Overall, our results provide new insights into how sugar metabolism is involved in regulating heteroblastic changes in pine seedlings. • Sugars participate the regulation of early stage of heteroblastic change in pine. • Sugar consumption in leaves promotes the outgrowth of secondary needles. • MYB and NAC transcription factors are important regulators in heteroblastic change. • Plant hormone signal transduction is one of the major metabolic pathways. • One NAC gene underwent an AS event involved in regulation of heteroblastic change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]