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• Effects of L1 reading comprehension on L1 and L2 integrated writing were examined. • Positive reading-writing relationships were observed in L1 and L2 integrated writing. • Cross-linguistic transfer of integrated writing competence from L1 to L2 existed. Integrated writing entails synthesis of information and coordination of language skills. It constitutes an integral part of Hong Kong's language curriculum at the secondary school level. This study explored the relationships between reading comprehension, including single-text and multiple-text comprehension, and integrated writing performance in Chinese (the students' first language, L1) and English (their second language, L2). 322 students from four secondary schools participated in this study. The results of latent variable path analysis revealed that L1 single-text comprehension directly affected the ability to coordinate multiple texts in the same language. L1 reading comprehension was positively associated with L1 and L2 integrated writing. Cross-language transfer from L1 integrated writing to L2 was also observed with L1 reading comprehension playing a significant role in the transfer. The findings suggest that the ability to write from sources in L2 could capitalize on the ability that have already acquired in L1. This study contributed to existing literature by substantiating the cross-language connection between reading and writing in integrated writing. It also supports the adoption and early implementation of integrative pedagogy of reading and writing to better facilitate the development of L2 integrated writing competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: It is unknown whether patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who achieved hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance spontaneously or following anti‐viral therapy have similar clinical outcomes. Aim: To compare the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with CHB who either cleared HBsAg spontaneously or following anti‐viral therapy Methods: Adult CHB‐monoinfected patients who cleared HBsAg between January 2000 and March 2019 were identified from a territory‐wide database in Hong Kong. Patients with liver transplantation and/or HCC before HBsAg loss were excluded. Patients' demographics, comorbidities, anti‐viral treatment, laboratory parameters and HCC development were analysed. Results: Of 7,124 identified patients with CHB who cleared HBsAg, mean age was 58.1 ± 13.8 years; 4,340 (60.9%) were male; 451 (6.3%) had cirrhosis; 5,917 (83.1%) and 1,207 (16.9%) had spontaneous and nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA)‐induced HBsAg seroclearance, respectively. Most patients had normal liver function at HBsAg loss. Patients with NA‐induced HBsAg seroclearance were younger, and more likely to be male and cirrhotic than patients with spontaneous HBsAg loss. At a median (interquartile range) follow‐up of 4.3 (2.2‐7.6) years, 97 (1.6%) and 16 (1.3%) patients with spontaneous and NA‐induced HBsAg loss developed HCC, respectively. Patients who achieved NA‐induced HBsAg loss had comparable HCC risk as those with spontaneous HBsAg loss (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio 0.75, 95% CI 0.43‐1.32, P = 0.323). The results remained robust in propensity score weighting and matching analyses. Conclusion: The HCC risk was similarly low after either spontaneous or NA‐induced HBsAg seroclearance in a territory‐wide cohort of patients with CHB who had cleared HBsAg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]