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Rainfall-induced landslides are major natural hazards that are inherently inter-disciplinary crossing various fields (from geology to hydrology) and scales (particle level to catchment scale and beyond). Comparatively, very few studies on landslides have been conducted at the particle level with most research focusing on particle breakage or the effect of particle size and shape on the macro-scale and particle contact behavior. Limited evidence suggests that soils under shear undergo changes not only of size but also of shape and surface roughness. However, the particle morphology descriptors used are frequently qualitative so that information on how the soil particles are damaged during landsliding remains incomplete. This paper uses quantitative particle morphology descriptors, namely particle size, shape, and particle surface roughness to investigate particle damage during landslide-induced shearing. A series of ring shear tests were conducted to simulate landslide movement in completely decomposed volcanic rocks (CDV), a typical soil in Hong Kong that was retrieved from a debris flow. Particle size, shape, and surface roughness were analyzed on original CDV particles and on samples subjected to ring shear testing. Owing to the crushable nature of the soil, particle breakage was the key factor controlling particle morphology, with the results revealing an intricate dependency of shape and surface roughness on particle size. Shearing enhanced the bimodal gradation of the soil, with the larger grains more rounded and smoother and the resulting fines with a more irregular shape. This may be attributed to a combination of chipping and abrasion of the coarser particles. Further research is needed to ascertain the effect of such particle morphology changes to landslide movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of tests is carried out using a purpose-built set-up to model compaction grouting around a pile shaft. The tests are performed on Hong Kong completely decomposed granite placed in a Rowe cell, with cement grout directly injected at the bottom of the cell from a pressure interface chamber. The soil specimens are tested under different initial stress and density conditions, either normally consolidated or overconsolidated. Different grouting pressures are used. The results indicate that a target volume of grout can be injected if the grout injection pressure is larger than the total stress by a magnitude at least equal to the effective stress. There is a tendency for the grout to propagate between the pile and the soil, with a residual densification of the soil after drainage. In loose soil, grouting has the effect of reducing the effective stress in the soil to zero, resulting in a homogeneous layer of grout between the shaft and soil. In denser specimens, fractures can occur parallel to the direction of minimum principal stress. A noticeable decrease in void ratio is achieved after grouting, due to both grout injection and drainage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]