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One of the most expensive illnesses in the dairy sector is mastitis. Due to decreased milk production and increased treatment costs, it generates significant financial losses to the dairy industries. Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus dysgalactiae are two common environmental bacteria which cause bovine mastitis and have several virulence factors that play major role in pathogenicity. The objective of this study was to detect some important virulence genes of S. uberis and S. dysgalactiae. Overall, sixteen S. uberis and ten S. dysgalactiae were isolated from 320 milk samples. The virulence genes hasC, gapC and sua were found in 50%, 100% and 81.25% isolates of the S. uberis, respectively, while in S. dysgalactiae isolates, napr and eno genes were found in 60% and 20% isolates, respectively. This work helps us to understand the virulence traits and mechanisms underlying how novel mastitis strains emerge in response to preventative and curative measures [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was undertaken with the objective of molecular detection and sequencing of the Saurashtra region's Peste Des Petits Ruminants virus. A total of 119 clinical samples (40 nasal swabs, 20 conjunctiva swabs, 16 oral swabs, and 19 tissues from goats along with 22 nasal swabs and 2 tissues of sheep lung and intestine) were tested by N gene & F gene-based primers. Out of 119 samples, 35 samples were positive for N gene primer, and 32 positives for F gene primer. The N gene-based sequence analysis of three PPRV obtained from Bhavnagar, Amreli, and Rajkot belonged to lineage IV (Indian strains), and all three PPRV sequences showed 100 % genetic identity with each other and 98-99 % genetic identity with PPRV strain of Mehsana (North Gujarat), Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh), Pune (Maharashtra), Jhansi (Uttar Pradesh), and Sungri (vaccine strain) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]