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[Objective] The present paper aimed to comprehensively and systematically study organic matter in arable soil as well as pH spatial distribution in the entire region of Guizhou, rationally plan and exploit cultivated land, and provide support for food security. [Method] Statistical analysis and ArcGIS space interpolation method were combined to analyze the spatial distribution of organic matter and pH in cultivated soil under the traditional cultivation pattern in Guizhou, and to study the influencing factors. [Result] The spatial distribution of soil organic matter content in cultivated land was uneven, with average content of 31. 13 g/kg, but the organic matter in cultivated land of Guizhou stayed abundant in general, and the content in each region showed as Liupanshui ( 52. 39 g/kg) > Guiyang ( 36. 01 g/kg) > Qianxinan (34. 02 g/kg) > Bijie(33. 89 g/kg) > Qiannan(32. 97 g/kg) > Anshun(31. 28 g/kg) > Qiandongnan(29. 92 g/kg) > Zunyi(25. 59 g/ kg) > Tongren(23. 01 g/kg). The pH of arable soil in Guizhou were 3. 99 - 8. 66, with the average value of 6. 06, and 90. 55% of the arable soils were dominantly acidic, weak acidic and neutral, accounting for 29. 48%, 38. 11 % and 22. 96% respectively. In the study area, the soil types display yellow-brown soil had the highest organic matter content and red soil had the lowest organic matter content The organic matter content with different soil utilization types was paddy field > irrigated land > dry land, while the pH showed as irrigated land > paddy field > dry land. [ Conclusion] The spatial distribution of organic matter content in arable soil of Guizhou province is uneven because of terrain, elevation and other influence factors, but the overall content stayed abundant. The spatial distribution of organic matter demonstrated as high in the west and south, low in the east and north. The pH of the provincial arable soil is mainly acidic or weak acidic, and its spatial distribution appeared uneven, showing a macro pattern of high in the west and north, low in the east and south. Soil type has a significant influence on pH of the soil, while it has insignificant impact on soil organic matter. Land utilizing type has extremely significant effect on both soil organic matter and pH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]