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A rapid biodiversity assessment was carried out in the Sierra Chinaja, Guatemala in order to support the conservation policies of the national agency for protected areas management. This study represents the first systematic account of the flora and fauna of the area. The floristic composition was surveyed using 21 Whitaker plots and non-systematic sampling of other vegetative strata. Bird communities were assessed using a system of point counts and mist nets. Bats were sampled with mist nets at 400 m and 600 m. For small terrestrial mammals, two transects with 90 traps each were established at low and high elevations. Reptiles and amphibians were collected through non-systematic walks through forest patches. Dung beetles were sampled with pitfall traps. A total of 309 plant species were found, including trees, orchids and bromeliads. The list of animal species includes 20 bats, four rodents, one marsupial, 110 birds, 24 reptiles, 14 amphibians, and 20 dung beetles. The results indicate that the Sierra Chinaja is an ecotone or transition zone from predominantly tropical lowland to a mix of montane environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]