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A large number of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports are collected yearly through the spontaneous report system (SRS). However, experienced experts from ADR monitoring centers (ADR experts, hereafter) reviewed only a few reports based on current policies. Moreover, the causality assessment of ADR reports was conducted according to the official approach based on the WHO-UMC system, a knowledge- and labor-intensive task that highly relies on an individual's expertise. Our objective is to devise a method to automatically assess ADR reports and support the efficient exploration of ADRs interactively. Our method could improve the capability to assess and explore a large volume of ADR reports and aid reporters in self-improvement. We proposed a workflow for assisting the assessment of ADR reports by combining an automatic assessment prediction model and a human-centered interactive visualization method. Our automatic causality assessment model (ACA model)—an ordinal logistic regression model—automatically assesses ADR reports under the current causality category. Based on the results of the ACA model, we designed a warning signal to indicate the degree of the anomaly of ADR reports. An interactive visualization technique was used for exploring and examining reports extended by automatic assessment of the ACA model and the warning signal. We applied our method to the SRS report dataset of the year 2019, collected in Guangdong province, China. Our method is evaluated by comparing automatic assessments by the ACA model to ADR reports labeled by ADR experts, i.e., the ground truth results from the multinomial logistic regression and the decision tree. The ACA model achieves an accuracy of 85.99%, a multiclass macro-averaged area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9572, while the multinomial logistics regression and decision tree yield 80.82%, 0.8603, and 85.39%, 0.9440, respectively, on the testing set. The new warning signal is able to assist ADR experts to quickly focus on reports of interest with our interactive visualzation tool. Reports of interest that are selected with high scores of the warning signal are analyzed in details by an ADR expert. The usefulness of the overall method is further evaluated through the interactive analysis of the data by ADR expert. Our ACA model achieves good performance and is superior to the multinomial logistics and the decision tree. The warning signal we designed allows efficient filtering of the full ADR reports down to much fewer reports showing anomalies. The usefulness of our interactive visualization is demonstrated by examples of unusual reports that are quickly identified. Our overall method could potentially improve the capability of analyzing ADR reports and reduce human labor and the chance of missing critical reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new cantharid species are described:Lycocerus parameratussp. nov. (China: Guangdong, Hunan);L. nigroapicissp. nov. (China: Guangxi);L. bifurcatussp. nov. (China: Guangdong); andL. nigrigenussp. nov. (China: Zhejiang, Fujian), which are provided with photos of habitus of males and illustrations of aedeagi and abdominal sternites VIII of females. The new species are related toL. kuatunensis(Wittmer, 1995), which is provided with a supplementary description and illustration of abdominal sternite VIII of the female. A key to the aforementioned five species is given. The type localities of the new speciesLycocerus parameratussp. nov.,L. nigroapicissp. nov.,L. bifurcatussp. nov. andL. nigrigenussp. nov. and the broadened distribution ofL. kuatunensisare mapped.http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:234EFDD7-6EDF-4FEC-9FDC-3A4D106E6C6A [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Mesozoic A-type granites in the Bachi area are sourced from melting of felsic and mafic igneous rocks, respectively. • High-temperature, low-pressure and anhydrous source conditions favour REE enrichment in the granite. • Fast crustal magma generation prevents the separation of REE-rich accessory minerals from melts. • The generation of Mesozoic REE-rich granites in South China relates to long-term extension. Ion-adsorption type rare earth element mineralization occurs in weathered profile of three Mesozoic granites in the Bachi area, Guangdong Province, South China. In this study, we investigate the REE enrichment processes in these granites using geochemical and geochronological data. The three granites yield zircon U-Pb ages of ca. 189 Ma, 153 Ma and 94 Ma, respectively, and could be divided into Early Jurassic, Late Jurassic and Cretaceous granites. The Early Jurassic and Cretaceous granites show similar geochemical characteristics, i.e. high K 2 O and low CaO, Fe 2 O 3 , and MgO contents, low K 2 O/Na 2 O ratios, and depletion of Eu, Sr, Ba, Ti, and P. They are characterized by high HFSE (high field strength elements) contents and enriched isotopic compositions with ε Nd (t) values ranging from −5.4 to-2.7, and ε Hf (t) values ranging from −4.5 to 1.7. The Late Jurassic granite also shows Eu, Sr, Ba, Ti, and P depletion and high HFSE contents. It has, however, higher CaO, Fe 2 O 3 , MgO and lower K 2 O contents than the Early Jurassic and Cretaceous granites. The Late Jurassic granite also shows more enriched isotopic compositions with ε Nd (t) values ranging from −9.0 to −8.9, and ε Hf (t) values ranging from −11.1 to −6.1. In addition, the Late Jurassic granite comprises, in contrast to the Early Jurassic and Cretaceous granites, abundant inherited/captured zircons cores and accessory REE-rich minerals of allanite, titanite, apatite and fluorite. These Mesozoic granites have the geochemical affinity of A-type granite. The Zr saturation temperature is >820 °C for the Early Jurassic and Cretaceous granites, and ~900 °C for the Late Jurassic granite. The Early Jurassic and Cretaceous granites were derived from partial melting of felsic igneous rocks under high-temperature, low-pressure, and anhydrous conditions. The felsic igneous source could provide relatively high REE contents for the melts, and the high-temperature, low-pressure, and anhydrous conditions resulted in residual plagioclase and melting of REE-rich minerals in the source area, which favour to REE enrichment in the melt. The Late Jurassic granite, on the other hand, was derived from a more mafic source and associate with fast crustal magma generation as indicated by its abundant presence of inherited/captured zircon cores in the high-temperature condition. The fast magma generation of the Late Jurassic granite prevented the separation of REE-rich minerals from the melt resulting in REE enrichment. Further, the high-temperature, low-pressure, and anhydrous physicochemical conditions and fast magma generation, which favour to REE enrichment in the granites, are tightly associated with large-scale Mesozoic extension in South China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]