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In this article, a horse-bridle toggle from a final Late Helladic I context in elite Building H at Mitrou is identified on the basis of its form and decoration as an object with close ties to the Carpatho-Danubian zone. In a stage of reworking the toggle was provided with serrated edges, which suggests an association with the introduction of the light horse-drawn chariot. This find helps reconstruct a long-distance trade route from the Carpatho-Danubian zone via the Euboean Gulf to southern Greece. Influences went both ways, with northern elite cultures playing a decisive role in the construction of a new ideology of power by Greece's emerging elite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rather than treating redistribution as an undifferentiated economic function, scholars currently recognize that multiple forms may occur simultaneously. In this Forum Article, I focus on one such form in detail, specifically, the redistributive system that financed the production of prestige goods at the Palace of Nestor at Pylos. I employ the manufacture of chariots, perfumed oils, and textiles as case studies. The three industries had a number of features in common. They required raw materials that were dispersed. Their managers collected dispersed raw materials and allocated them to specialists, who added value to them through skilled labor and who produced composite artifacts that were then redistributed by palatial authorities to an exclusive group of recipients. While similarities in the management of the industries reflect an overall policy of resource mobilization through which palace authorities garnered the loyalty of an emergent class of secondary elites, the inconsistencies in the manner in which the industries were run also suggest that redistribution was not fully standardized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses Greek writer Diodoros' account of the battle at Delion in 424 B.C. Euripides' account of the battle for the return of the dead Argives in his 'Supplices'; Diodoros' assertion that chariots were present in the fighting at Delion; Absence of evidence for the use of chariots by any Greek hoplite army; Archaism of language which preserved the title of 'charioteers and their riders' for an elite group of the Theban army.

The article provides a summary of the views of Athenian statesman and orator Demosthenes on apobates. Demosthenes stresses that only the best men join this event which involves warriors riding in chariots and advocates courage and high-spiritedness. He also noted an incident in the sport wherein the hero Epikrates gained his fame following his victory that made him outdo his competitors in the race. Based on various grounds held by the author, he stresses that Demosthenes highlighted the equestrian nature of the sport. Apart from this, he also notes that apobates is one of the most significant events of the Panathenaia.