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To cite this article: Craig TJ, Bewtra AK, Bahna SL, Hurewitz D, Schneider LC, Levy RJ, Moy JN, Offenberger J, Jacobson KW, Yang WH, Eidelman F, Janss G, Packer FR, Rojavin MA, Machnig T, Keinecke H-O, Wasserman RL. C1 esterase inhibitor concentrate in 1085 Hereditary Angioedema attacks - final results of the I.M.P.A.C.T.2 study. Allergy 2011; 66: 1604-1611. Abstract Background: The placebo-controlled study International Multicentre Prospective Angioedema C1-INH Trial 1 (I.M.P.A.C.T.1) demonstrated that 20 U/kg C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) concentrate (Berinert®; CSL Behring, Marburg, Germany) is effective in treating acute abdominal and facial Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) attacks. Methods: I.M.P.A.C.T.2 was an open-label extension study of I.M.P.A.C.T.1 to evaluate the safety and efficacy of long-term treatment with 20 U/kg C1-INH for successive HAE attacks at any body location. Efficacy outcomes included patient-reported time to onset of symptom relief (primary) and time to complete resolution of all symptoms (secondary), analysed on a per-patient and per-attack basis. Safety assessments included adverse events, vital signs, viral safety and anti-C1-INH antibodies. Results: During a median study duration of 24 months, 1085 attacks were treated in 57 patients (10-53 years of age). In the per-patient analysis, the median time to onset of symptom relief was 0.46 h and was similar for all types of attacks (0.39-0.48 h); the median time to complete resolution of symptoms was 15.5 h (shortest for laryngeal attacks: 5.8 h; 12.8-26.6 h for abdominal, peripheral and facial attacks). Demographic factors, type of HAE, intensity of attacks, time to treatment, use of androgens and presence of anti-C1-INH antibodies had no clinically relevant effect on the efficacy outcomes. There were no treatment-related safety concerns. No inhibitory anti-C1-INH antibodies were detected in any patient. Conclusions: A single dose of 20 U/kg C1-INH concentrate is safe and provides reliable efficacy in the long-term treatment of successive HAE attacks at any body location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lockdown restrictions against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have led to unprecedented reductions in global anthropogenic activities. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic combustion-induced pollutants, but the influence of anthropogenic responses to COVID-19 on PAH contamination remains largely unknown. Here we quantified the impacts of lockdown restrictions on 16PAH pollution based on the data in concentrations dissolved in the water phase and absorbed on the suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the Elbe River from 2015 to 2021 and determined the changes in source contributions classified by individual years and stations. Results show that the annual average PAH concentrations in water and SPM were determined as 0.055 μg·L -1 and 3.77 mg·kg -1 from 2015 to 2021, respectively. Pronounced declines in PAH on SPM (up to -18 %) were observed during the three lockdowns in Germany from 2020 to 2021. However, dramatic rebounds of anthropogenic activities during the removal of the lockdown led to increases (up to 29 %) in ∑ 16 PAH concentrations compared to the same period in previous years. Through the source apportionment method, vehicle and coal emissions were the two most predominant sources of PAHs in the river. Vehicle contribution decreased during the lockdown, while coal emissions increased by 5 %. Health risks for three age groups were assessed as potential low risk and decreased by 18 % from 1.54 × 10 -4 in 2015 to 1.27 × 10 -4 in 2019, and rebounded to 1.40 × 10 -4 in 2020-2021. The findings of this study highlight the strong consistency between PAH concentrations and anthropogenic intensity, implying that source control from improved cleaner production is an effective pathway for mitigating PAH contamination in the aquatic environment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Climate change and urbanization have altered regional hydro-environments. Yet, the impact of future changes on the pollution risk and associated mitigation strategies requires further exploration. This study proposed a hydraulic and water-quality modeling framework, to investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics of pollution risk mitigation by low impact development (LID) strategies under future Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) scenarios. Results demonstrated that the LID strategies exhibited an effective performance of pollutant removal in the current hydro-environment, with the removal rates ranging from 33% to 56%. In future climate and urbanization scenarios, the LID performance declined and turned to be uncertain as the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions increased, with the removal rates ranging from 12% to 59%. Scenario analysis suggested that the LID performance was enhanced by a maximum of 73% through the diversified implementation of LID practices, and the performance uncertainty was reduced by a maximum of 67% through the increased LID deployment. In addition, comparative analysis revealed that the LID strategies in a well-developed region (Dresden, Germany) were more resilient in response to changing environments, while the LID strategy in a high-growth region (Chaohu, China) exhibited a better pollutant removal performance under low-GHG scenarios. The methods and findings in this study could provide additional insights into sustainable water quality management in response to climate change and urbanization., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Objective: Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) serves as a biomarker for diagnosing several types of diseases in adults; nonetheless, its use is restricted in children because of changes in ALP activity during different physiological phases. The present study aimed to investigate ALP activity and its dynamics in children of different ages to establish the reference values for ALP activity in children., Methods: Total 167,625 samples of children aged 0-18 years were enrolled in this study. ALP activity was measured using the 4-nitrophenyl-1-phosphate disodium salt (4-NPP)-2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) method with an automatic biochemical analyzer. Patients with known diagnoses that may affect ALP activity were excluded. A percentile curve was plotted using MATLAB software, and the curve was fitted using the skewness-median-coefficient of variation (LMS) method., Results: ALP activity reached the highest peak at 12-13 years of age and then gradually decreased to the lowest peak at 18-19 years of age in boys, whereas it reached the highest at 10-11 years and then gradually reduced to the lowest at 17-18 years in girls. Furthermore, the highest peak of ALP activity appeared substantially earlier in children of either sex in China than in those in Germany., Conclusions: We showed the dynamics of ALP activity in both boys and girls between the ages of 0 and 18 years in China and compared the difference in ALP activity between children in China and Germany. Our findings provide a reference for clinicians., (Copyright © 2020 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)