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Due to Covid 19 regional railway transport in Germany faced a decline in passenger demand. The volume of passengers in million passenger-kilometer dropped from 102,026 in 20219 to 58,822 in 2020 and stays at this level in the next year. Even the end of the pandemic in the first half of 2022 did not lead to the reserve trend in passenger numbers development. Many railway companies faced big losses due to the decline and asked for some form of help. German government therefore introduced the so-called 9-Euro-Ticket in the months of June, July and August 2022. It was the monthly ticket costed 9 EUR valid in regional transport in the mentioned months. The government further increased its support of regional transport by 2,5 billion EUR to cover all costs with increasing numbers of passengers who did not pay the full price of their travel. The ticket can be seen as a success - 52 million of them were sold. The article analyzes the development of passenger's numbers in months when the ticket was introduced, mentions some problems connected with high numbers of passengers and also discusses what happened in the period after the validity of the ticket, namely concentrates on the so-called Deutschlandticket that costs 49 EUR per month and is valid in months from May to August 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article compares the development of gross domestic product (GDP) quality in Germany and the Czech Republic. Also cited are the relationship between GDP growth rate and the increase in labor, capital and technological developments, and the factors used in the comparison like the total input factor (TIF) and total factor productivity (TFP).