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Background: This study aimed to describe treatment patterns and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) in three countries between 2011 and 2020. Methods: Three databases (US, Canada, Germany) were used to identify incident aNSCLC patients. OS was assessed from the date of incident aNSCLC diagnosis and, for patients who received at least a first line of therapy (1LOT), from the date of 1LOT initiation. In multivariable analyses, we analyzed the influence of index year and type of prescribed treatment on OS. Findings: We included 51,318 patients with an incident aNSCLC diagnosis. The percentage of patients treated with a 1LOT differed substantially between countries, whereas the number of patients receiving immunotherapies/targeted treatments increased over time in all three countries. Median OS from the date of incident diagnosis was 9.9 months in the United States vs. 4.1 months in Canada. When measured from the start of 1LOT, patients had a median OS of 10.7 months in the United States, 10.9 months in Canada, and 10.9 months in Germany. OS from the start of 1LOT improved in all three countries from 2011 to 2020 by approximately 3 to 4 months. Conclusions: Observed continuous improvement in OS among patients receiving at least a 1LOT from 2011 to 2020 was likely driven by improved care and changes in the treatment landscape. The difference in the proportion of patients receiving a 1LOT in the observed countries requires further investigation. Observed continuous improvement in overall survival among patients receiving at least a first line of therapy from 2011 to 2020 was likely driven by improved care and changes in treatment landscape. The difference in the proportion of patients receiving a first line of therapy in the observed countries requires further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this latest update, we explore the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) enacted by the US Congress in August 2022, with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) recently releasing the list of the first ten drugs it will negotiate prices on. We also cover the consequences of price controls and rigid value assessment in Germany which have led to the withdrawal of a number of medicines. It will be important to see how the IRA balances cost-saving with holistic value assessment, incentives for innovation and patient access to treatment.

In this latest update we discuss the transportability of comparative effectiveness evidence across countries. We highlight results of a survey indicating that European HTA agencies are reluctant to accept real-world data from other countries, review recent benefit assessments indicating a potential softening of a requirement for the use of local real-world data in Germany, and outline a recent review presenting approaches that can correct for a lack of transportability.