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Rural digitalisation is often approached from a structural research perspective, focusing on broadband infrastructure and socio-economic contextual conditions. Such perspectives tend to neglect the agency of individual and collective actors in these areas. Our comparative case study addresses this gap by focusing on Digital Pioneers in two structurally different rural regions in Germany. Our analysis of 40 semi-structured qualitative interviews with selected pioneers is based on the research question of how these key actors access resources to realise digital social innovation. A categorization of our data shows three general patterns: Access to motivational resources on an individual level, access to network-based resources through various types of social relationships, as well as access to region-based resources by analytically linking agency and socio-spatial contextual conditions. We conclude that Digital Pioneers can become intermediary key players in regional governance constellations. At the same time, additional policy support or reversion is needed to facilitate access to network- and region-based resources in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the study was to characterise the association between screening, prevalence and mortality of skin cancer in Germany considering the spatial distribution. The study included the total set of outpatient data of all statutory health insured people and cause-of-death statistics in Germany between 2011–2015 on county level. To identify regions with high/low screening, prevalence and mortality rates, probability maps were calculated. Scenarios were developed based on the research questions. These were used to identify regions that share both high/low rates of screening, prevalence and mortality. Regression analyses were used to characterise these regions, taking into account sociodemographic characteristics. Significant regional variations in prevalence, screening and mortality in Germany were identified. Depending on the scenario, influences of sociodemographic conditions become apparent. For example, a lower income (p = 0.006) and poorer accessibility of the closest dermatologist (p = 0.03) predicted a lower prevalence of and fewer screenings for skin cancer. In regions with low screening and high mortality, significant (p = 0.03) associations with the educational status of the population were also found. The study identified the first spatial associations between screening, prevalence and mortality of skin cancer in Germany. The results indicate that regional population-related characteristics (e.g., sociodemographic characteristics) play an important role in explaining the associations and should be given more weight in further studies. However, further studies, particularly on the spatial variation of skin cancer mortality, are still necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract:Aim: Alcohol use is causing a considerable health burden for individuals and society in Germany. To reduce the burden from alcohol use, ensuring optimal treatment for those who are in need, is key. With this data-linkage study, we aim to provide a comprehensive description of healthcare service use among individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUD) in Hamburg, the second-largest German city. Methods: The study population is defined as adults living in Hamburg, currently insured by one of two statutory health insurance funds and with at least one alcohol-specific ICD-10 code between 2016 and 2021. Additionally, we will obtain data from pension funds and the Hamburg basic data monitoring system of outpatient addiction aid. By using unique identifiers, individual register data from these three sources will be linked. Hypotheses and qualitative analyses are presented in the form of research questions to analyse administrative prevalence rates, patient trajectories and predictors of treatment success as well as to estimate the impact of prototypical care pathways and the COVID-19 pandemic on utilization of alcohol-specific healthcare services. Discussion: The study 'Patient Routes of People with Alcohol Use Disorders in Germany' (PRAGMA) will be the first to provide an in-depth understanding of treatment provision for people with AUD in Germany. Following up a heterogeneous sample of people with AUD for six years will provide a unique opportunity to compare current with recommended care pathways as well to identify options for care improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using categorization theory, this study develops four research questions: (1) does brand name affect new product evaluation? (2) does brand origin interact with the brand name in radically new product evaluation in four different country examples (U.S., Mexico, Germany, and Bulgaria)? (3) what is the underlying mechanism of the brand origin effect on new product evaluation? and (4) does individual difference matter in the perceived value of the products? The results demonstrate that when the brand origin is U.S., the U.S. brand name leads to a higher perceived value of the brand than the Mexican brand. If the brand origin is Mexico, the brand name effect is attenuated. In Germany and Bulgaria condition, when the brand origin is Bulgaria, a German brand name is better evaluated than a Bulgarian brand name. But the brand name effect is mitigated in Germany condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From June to August 2022, the financial barrier to public transport use almost completely disappeared in Germany due to the 9-Euro-Ticket. It enabled anyone with access to public transport infrastructure across Germany to use public transport for 9 euros per person per month. As this completely changed the conditions for public transport use, especially for low-income households with children, the following research questions arise: (1) what effect does the 9-Euro-Ticket have on the travel practices and social participation of low-income households with children? (2) how and by what were the travel practices shaped by the 9-Euro-Ticket? and (3) what happened to the interviewees' travel practices after the measure expired? To answer these questions, twelve qualitative interviews were conducted with low-income households with children in the Hanover region. This study found that the 9-Euro-Ticket removed the financial constraint of public transport use, changed the travel practices of most interviewees and had a wide range of positive meanings. The respondents associate the 9-Euro-Ticket with freedom, joy at being able to offer their children something, along with financial and psychological relief. Additionally, the 9-Euro-Ticket enabled the interviewees to engage in leisure activities, to visit relatives, contributed to integration, had an empowering effect, especially for women and children, and thus represents a measure to increase social participation. After the three months of the 9-Euro-Ticket, financing public transport use challenges low-income households again and financial constraints prevent them from reaching certain places and engaging in out-of-home activities. • Investigates the effect of a nearly fare-free public transport ticket. • In-depth analysis of the 9-Euro-Ticket using qualitative empirical research. • Low-income people's mobility and social participation benefits from affordable PT. • This study reveals six main findings of interest for policy and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Neue Kriminalpolitik is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Point Pattern Analysis (PPA) has gained momentum in archaeological research, particularly in site distribution pattern recognition compared to supra-regional environmental variables. While PPA is now a statistically well-established method, most of the data necessary for the analyses are not freely accessible, complicating reproducibility and transparency. In this article, we present a fully reproducible methodical framework to PPA using an open access database of archaeological sites located in south-west Germany and open source explanatory covariates to understand site location processes and patterning. The workflow and research question are tailored to a regional case study, but the code underlying the analysis is provided as an R Markdown file and can be adjusted and manipulated to fit any archaeological database across the globe. The Early Iron Age north of the Alps and particularly in south-west Germany is marked by numerous social and cultural changes that reflect the use and inhabitation of the landscape. In this work we show that the use of quantitative methods in the study of site distribution processes is essential for a more complete understanding of archaeological and environmental dynamics. Furthermore, the use of a completely transparent and easily adaptable approach can fuel the understanding of large-scale site location preferences and catchment compositions in archaeological, geographical and ecological research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Medical overuse is defined as health care services that exceed the individual needs of patients and when the potential harms of medical interventions exceed their benefits. It has impacts on patients as well as on health care resources. To address medical overuse, it is important to understand the knowledge and experiences of overuse on the side of patients. Research questions: What is the citizens' understanding of overuse? How do they assess its relevance, causes, consequences and potential solutions? Methods: A quantitative online survey was conducted. The participants were asked to state what they understand by medical overuse. Statements on causes, consequences and possible solutions were evaluated. Recruitment was carried out via a panel of a market research institute (Schlesinger Group). Results: The survey was completed by 406 participants. In terms of age and gender, the sample corresponded to the distribution in the German population. The majority had never heard of medical overuse (58%). About 60% assumed that medical overuse means "too much medicine including overtreatment and overtesting". Medical overuse was mainly suspected for services not covered by the public health insurance system (56%), surgical interventions (45%) and medication prescriptions (37%). Reasons for medical overuse were seen in uncoordinated care and financial incentives, but also in the expectations of patients. The main problem with medical overuse was seen in rising health care costs, while harmful physical and mental consequences for patients were mentioned less often. In order to reduce medical overuse, little importance was attributed to a primary care based system or higher financial contribution of patients. Instead, stricter cost control on the side of physicians and better coordination between care providers were suggested as solutions. Differences in socio-demographic characteristics hardly showed any differences in response behavior. Conclusion: More than half of the respondents had never heard of medical overuse. Overuse was mainly associated with financial causes and consequences. It was not seen that overuse can be harmful for patients directly. The limited awareness of the problem of overuse probably is a barrier to tackling it effectively. Communicating the topic to the public might therefore be an effective start to mitigate medical overuse. Take home message: Many citizens seem not to be familiar with the concept of medical overuse, especially not with the fact that it may directly cause harm to patients. Informing citizens about the harms of medical overuse might be helpful in mitigating it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bees are the most important group of insect pollinators, but their populations are declining. To gain a better understanding of wild bee responses to different stressors (e.g. land-use change) and conservation measures, regional and national monitoring schemes are currently being established in Germany, which is used here as a model region, and in many other countries. We offer perspectives on how to best design future bee monitoring programs with a focus on evaluating the implementation of conservation measures. We discuss different traditional and novel sampling methods, their efficacy depending on research questions and the life-history traits of target species, and how greater standardization of wild bee sampling and monitoring methods can make data more comparable, contributing to the identification of general trends and mechanisms driving bee populations. Furthermore, the potential impact of bee sampling itself on bee populations is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: This study investigates the acquisition of referential expressions for direct objects by child heritage speakers of Polish living in Germany. Our main research questions are how object expression develops in bilingual children and whether their path or pace of acquisition differs from monolingual children. Methodology: We investigate the use of referential expressions in an elicited production task. In all, 39 Polish-German bilingual children participated in the test. Data and analysis: We compare the data of four age groups of bilingual children – 3- to 4-year-olds, 5- to 6-year-olds, 7- to 8-year-olds, and 9- to 10-year-olds – to each other and to monolingual children at the respective ages. For the analysis of participants' responses, we ran a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with a multinominal dependent variable. Findings: The results show that child heritage language (HL) speakers of Polish display knowledge of semantic and pragmatic constraints of object realization from early stages on. However, from age 5 and up to age 9 to 10, they still produce high rates of inappropriate null objects and show a deceleration in the development of this knowledge, compared to monolingual children. This protracted development is attributed to reduced input in the HL, mainly due to the enrolment in the majority language school. Originality: This study is the first to investigate the development of referential expressions for direct objects in child heritage speakers of Polish in the age span 3 to 10 years. Significance: The study relates the higher rates of null objects in the bilingual production to the varying degrees of exposure to the HL during language development. Deceleration in the pace of object acquisition by the HL speakers at the age of 5 to 6 years is attributed to a prolonged stage of acquisition of integrating rules of syntactic and pragmatic knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Randomized response techniques (RRTs) are applied to reduce response biases in self-report surveys on sensitive research questions (e.g., on socially undesirable characteristics). However, there is evidence that they cannot completely eliminate self-protecting response strategies. To address this problem, there are RRTs specifically designed to measure the extent of such strategies. Here we assessed the recently devised unrelated question model—cheating extension (UQMC) in a preregistered online survey on intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and perpetration during the first contact restrictions as containment measures for the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Germany in early 2020. The UQMC accounting for self-protecting responses described the data better than its predecessor model which assumes instruction adherence. The resulting three-month prevalence estimates were about 10% and we found a high proportion of self-protecting responses in the group of female participants queried about IPV victimization. However, unexpected results concerning the differences in prevalence estimates across the groups queried about victimization and perpetration highlight the difficulty of investigating sensitive research questions even using methods that guarantee anonymity and the importance of interpreting the respective estimates with caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Voluntaris: Journal of Volunteer Services & Civic Engagement / Zeitschrift für Freiwilligendienste und Zivilgesellschaftliches Engagement is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The aim was to analyze insolvency proceedings in Germany, Croatia and Slovakia and answer the research question whether insolvency proceedings are opened too late in the observed countries and how this issue can be explained. Methodology: Comparative analysis of insolvency systems in Germany, Croatia, and Slovakia was conducted. Furthermore, the financial profile (liquidity) of firms in pre-insolvency and insolvency proceedings in Germany, Slovakia and Croatia was analyzed and respective results were compared with data on government effectiveness and the rule of law in the observed countries. The one-way ANOVA was performed to test the differences in liquidity among companies that initiated pre-insolvency and insolvency proceedings. Results: The results indicate that German companies respond to signs of crises earlier in comparison to Croatian and Slovakian companies and these differences cannot be explained only by criminal law measures which are not equally effective across jurisdictions, but they depend to a large extent on government effectiveness and the rule of law in a country. Conclusion: The results show that despite the similarities in the civil law frameworks, insolvency proceedings in Croatia and Slovakia are still initiated on average much later than in Germany. Moreover, according to the results, criminal law sanctions against the late initiation of insolvency proceedings can have preventive effects. However, while they can increase the number of timely insolvency proceedings, their effectiveness is still limited by the efficiency of the judicial system measured by the strength of institutions and their consistent application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By complying with their "job", i.e., completing the tasks set for them by teachers, pupils develop their subject skills. They do this in a classroom setting where they can perceive each other regarding their abilities. Besides content learning, pupils, thus, also have to position themselves emotionally and action-practically towards the content-based tasks in the class context. Which corresponding reaction patterns are observable is an open research question, especially concerning the comparison between pupils taught curriculum-accordantly and those with special educational needs in learning (SEN-L) when educated in inclusive classrooms. Therefore, for this preliminary study, twenty semi-structured interviews were examined, in which the pupils were asked about what and how they had learned in the previous lessons. Data analyses were carried out using a mixed-methods approach. Distinct positioning patterns could be reconstructed, which were not strictly linked to the pupils' level of content understanding. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the positioning patterns of pupils with and without SEN-L, which could also be due to the comprehensive use of differentiated instruction methods in the respective lessons. In about half of the interviews, reaction patterns emerged that indicated superficially compliant participation in class but inward distancing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

German winegrowers are increasingly creating habitats in wine landscapes that are necessary for the preservation of biodiversity. Since biodiversity in the landscape can have a positive impact on tourism attractiveness, one might assume that winemakers are also promoting tourism by doing so, but are they aware of this? The aim of this study is to explore whether German winegrowers see a link between biodiversity and tourism in wine regions and what this link might look like. For this purpose, 52 qualitative interviews were conducted with German winegrowers from all 13 German wine regions. The results show that German winemakers are aware of the central importance of the landscape in attracting tourists and that the clear majority of the interviewed winegrowers believe that a biodiverse landscape has a positive impact on tourism in wine regions. This work reveals unanswered research questions and opens a wide field for researchers to address the topic. Promoting biodiversity could be one of the most important factors contributing to the appeal of wine landscapes and could thus increase the attractiveness of wine regions for potential visitors. Ultimately, tourism flows could be optimized and the predominantly rural German wine regions could preserve their cultural heritage and develop into new aspects of sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article theorizes and tests the association between the ego‐tropic and socio‐tropic dimensions of three sets of grievances, that is, economic, value‐based and security‐related, and anti‐immigrant attitudes using data from an original survey fielded in Canada, Germany and the USA. Our analysis confirms the presence of multiple paths towards anti‐immigration attitudes. Our contribution is threefold. First, we offer a nuanced understanding of the complexity of immigration scepticism and shed light on its different dimensions, including the under‐researched personal value‐based and collective security‐related. Second, we make an empirical contribution by confirming the multi‐faceted nature of anti‐immigrant attitudes using data from an original survey tailored specifically to our research questions. This allows us to examine each set of grievances independently of each other and independently of anti‐immigrant attitudes. Third, our survey enables us to identify country‐specific dynamics by testing the relationship between individual grievances and anti‐immigrant attitudes in diverse political settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal for Sociology of Education & Socialization / Zeitschrift für Soziologie der Erziehung & Sozialisation is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: Although public stigma imposes a great burden on those affected with manifold negative consequence there is not much known about public stigma related to fatigue. Therefore, this study addresses the following research questions: (1) What is the magnitude of public stigma toward individuals with fatigue? (2) Are there differences in public stigma depending on the social characteristics of the affected person (sex, occupation, and migration)? Methods: Analyses are based on a national telephone survey in Germany (N = 1,209). A vignette describing a person with symptoms of fatigue was presented to the respondents. Vignettes were varied according to sex, occupational status, and migration status. Stigma toward the person presented in the vignette was measured by stereotypes and negative emotional reactions (anger). Results: Of the stereotypes under study, "hypersensitive" was most frequently endorsed by the respondents (35.7%), followed by "weak will" (27.2%). About 15-20% of the respondents agreed that they react with anger, annoyance or incomprehension. There were considerable differences in fatigue stigma according to the social characteristics of the affected person. In two social groups public stigma was particularly pronounced: (1) male persons with a low occupational status and a migration background; (2) female persons with a high occupational status and without a migration status. In contrast, women with a low occupational status and a migration background were less stigmatized. Conclusion: Individuals suffering from fatigue symptoms are confronted with stereotypes and negative emotional reactions by the public. Magnitude of public stigma considerably varies according to social characteristics of the afflicted person. Future studies should consider applying an intersectional approach to identify groups that are at risk of multiple stigma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measurement estimation skills are relevant for our everyday life and should be addressed in the mathematics classroom. Although students' measurement estimation skills were examined in several empirical studies, a structure model to describe these skills is still missing. The current research aimed at analyzing the structure of length estimation skills as one basic measurement estimation skill. Taking into account the different kinds of estimation situations, a test on length estimation skills was developed and administered in two contrasting samples of 3rd- and 4th-grade students from Germany and Taiwan in two studies. Study 1 (N = 248) followed an exploratory approach to analyze the structure of length estimation skills (research question 1). Exploratory factor analysis suggested a 3-dimensional model of length estimation skills, dividing the dimensions (1) estimating lengths of small objects, (2) estimating lengths of objects that are not small but touchable, and (3) estimating lengths of objects that are not small and not touchable. This 3-dimensional structure could be confirmed using confirmatory factor analyses in study 2 (N = 903). In addition, the test on students' length estimation skills proved to be partially measurement invariant across the two groups (research question 2). The cross-national comparison (research question 3) revealed differences between Taiwanese and German students' length estimation skills that correspond to the educational traditions in each country. Taiwanese students reached better results on the dimensions small as well as not small and touchable while German students were ahead in the dimension not small and not touchable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the fact that they face the same problems, prison legislation differs between England and Germany. So do concepts and language. Can prison quality research travel under these circumstances? Are research questions and methodologies transferable from one legal culture into another? By using the example of a joint research project designed to transfer prison climate research from England and establish it in Germany and Switzerland we respond to the challenges of transferability and translatability. After examining the divergent legal cultures in England and Germany we present a prison climate research methodology developed by the Cambridge Prisons Research Centre (PRC). We then delineate the preparation, implementation and outcome of a pretest designed to show whether this cross-cultural research project can work. The concept of moral performance, and the methodology, seem to travel well while things are more complicated when it comes to translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent cause of cancer death in the word. Which aspects of research into CRC should be accorded the highest priority remains unclear, because relevant stakeholders, such as patients, nurses, and physicians, played hardly any part in the development of research projects. The goal in forming the CRC Priority-Setting Partnership (PSP) was to bring all relevant stakeholders together to identify and prioritize unresolved research questions regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of CRC. Methods: The CRC PSP worked in cooperation with the British James Lind Alliance. An initial nationwide survey was conducted, and evidence uncertainties were collected, categorized, summarized, and compared with available evidence from the literature. The as-yet unresolved questions were (provisionally) ranked in a second national wide survey, and at a concluding consensus workshop all stakeholders came together to finalize the rankings in a nominal group process and compile a top 10 list. Results: In the first survey (34% patients, 51% healthcare professionals, 15% unknown), 1102 submissions were made. After exclusion of duplicates and previously resolved questions, 66 topics were then ranked in the second survey (56% patients, 39% healthcare professionals, 5% unknown). This interim ranking process revealed distinct differences between relatives and healthcare professionals. The final top 10 list compiled at the consensus workshop covers a wide area of research topics. Conclusion: All relevant stakeholders in the CRC PSP worked together to identify and prioritize the top 10 evidence uncertainties. The results give researchers and funding bodies the opportunity to address the most patient-relevant research projects. It is the first detailed description of a PSP in Germany, and the first PSP on CRC care worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Sozialer Fortschritt is the property of Duncker & Humblot GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Administrative labour market data for Germany do not contain detailed information on working hours. This poses a serious challenge for many empirical research questions. Between 2010 and 2014, however, it is possible to merge a supplementary data source containing information on working hours reported by employers for each job to the German Social Accident Insurances. One complicating factor is that employers were allowed to report actual working hours, contractual working hours or a full-time worker reference value, and it is not obvious from the data which re-porting scheme was actually used. In this report, we describe this supplementary data source and propose a correction procedure that maps all data entries so that they uniformly reflect contractual working time. After this correction, the distribution of contractual weekly working hours in the combined administrative labour market data closely resembles the distribution from the German Structural Earnings Survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease associated with pain, loss of function and reduced quality of life. Concomitant psychological disorders can significantly influence treatment outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to answer the following research questions: (1) How has the incidence of primary coxarthrosis and gonarthrosis developed over the last decade? (2) How high is the prevalence of osteoarthritis patients with concomitant psychological diagnoses? (3) Which psychological comorbidities are most prevalent in coxarthrosis and gonarthrosis patients, respectively? For this cross-sectional study, a dataset provided by the Federal Statistical Office (Destatis) consisting of annual, Germany-wide ICD-10 diagnosis codes from 2009 to 2019 was analysed. Incidences of the codes "M16.1" and "M17.1", unilateral primary coxarthrosis and unilateral primary gonarthrosis, were quantified. Prevalence rates of secondary diagnoses of the chapter F of the ICD-10 were determined. Incidences were 230.7/100,000 inhabitants for coxarthrosis and 224.2/100,000 inhabitants for gonarthrosis. Patients with psychological comorbidities constituted 9.0% of coxarthrosis cases and 8.9% of gonarthrosis cases, respectively. Between 2009 through 2019, the proportion of patients with a concomitant "F" diagnoses of the ICD-10 increased by + 37.8% for coxarthrosis and by 17.9% for gonarthrosis. The most prevalent secondary diagnoses were affective disorders (F3), whereby numbers increased over the years. Increasing psychological comorbidities advocate for the implementation of screening tools, prevention strategies, interdisciplinary approaches and psychological support in the treatment of osteoarthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compounding is the final processing step for quality adjustment and control before recycled thermoplastic polymer material can be introduced into production processes. Motivated by the need for higher recyclate shares, the research question is which quality problems recycling compounders are encountered in practice, where they occur, and which mitigation options might be reasonable. Therefore, an online survey with 20 recycling compounders based in Germany was conducted asking about typical processing steps and processed materials, test procedures for quality assurance, quality problems, and possibilities for reducing quality problems. Results show that compounders mainly name impurities and contaminations of the input material as challenging and the reason for quality problems. The study shows that the problems are not dependent on the material input type. Quality problems occur along the entire secondary value chain, with companies manufacturing components themselves being particularly affected. The composition determination of the input materials helps to minimize quality problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main focus of the study was to explore the experiences of inequalities and the expectations of a good life of girls at the age of 14 to 16 years old from a Turkish background living in Germany. Essentially, the research focused on identifying the gaps and analyzing inequality through girls' interpretation of a good life in Germany. Specifically, this paper will concentrate on the finding "capabilities for other girls". Girls who participated in the interview have experienced exclusion in their everyday life which made them feel other and this paper will highlight what are the valuable capabilities for these girls not too feel other. To find the inequalities in the life of socially vulnerable girls of Turkish origin, this research conceptualized how ethnicity and migration background deprives or enhances the capabilities (opportunities) of 2nd, 3rd and 4th generation Turkish migrant origin girls living in Germany. The data for research was collected in collaboration with schools and youth institutes in the Federal State of North Rhein Westphalia in Germany. A pilot study was conducted to define the research design, research questions, data collection methods and methodology. The pilot study had identified that focus groups provided a rich amount of data but were not enough to analyze the experienced inequalities and the individual agency of the participants. The pilot study revealed that it needed to be triangulated with a socio-economic questionnaire, to be able to report the distribution of the socio-economic backgrounds of the participants among the Turkish immigrant youth. An individual life history interview was used as a method of data collection to analyze how Turkish girls interpreted their feelings of inequality and active agency. As a result of analyzing the pilot data using Grounded Theory methodology, two goals of the research were identified. The first one was to determine how girls of Turkish origin living in Germany developed a positive view of themselves; such as empowerment, agency, emancipation, inspirations and aspirations, as they were challenged at school and in the German society. The second was to ascertain how girls of Turkish origin living in Germany interpreted challenges, at school and in the wider society, to obtaining a good life. I aimed to develop the literature review with concepts derived through the results of the pilot study, because a literature review that has been conducted with the concepts relevant to the objective of the study results in building the background of the research (Hammick, 1996). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article delves into the historical research aspects concerning child shipping and childcare processes. It highlights the evolution of child care measures, particularly child cures, under various political regimes from the late 19th century to post-World War II, exploring their transitions, government interventions, and societal impacts.

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Copyright of Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While e-shopping may trigger more but shorter trips, i.e., within walkable distances, frequent e-shoppers see private car as more reliable. However, research addressing the interplay between e-shopping and transport mode choice is scarce and mostly focused on urban areas. Against this background, the paper complements current literature by answering the following research question: Is e-shopping behaviour associated with walking to in-store retail instead of using a private car, and what are the differences between urban and rural environments? Germany serves as the spatial laboratory, with the data from the 2017 Mobilität in Deutschland (MiD) survey providing comprehensive insights on mobility and its socio-economic elements. Three logistic regression models are carried out to explore the impact of e-shopping frequency on transport mode choice for three different spatial settings: large agglomerations (≥100,000 inhabitants), urban counties, and rural counties. The results show that people who buy online more frequently in urban and rural counties tend to reach in-store destinations by car instead of walking. On the other hand, the frequency of e-shopping and walking mode choice do not present any association on large urban agglomerations. The socio-economic analysis shows that car owners tend to reach in-store retail by car, while those with higher household incomes are more likely to walk. The paper ends with a discussion of how the results can inform sustainable transport systems to find a balance between online and in-store shopping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nachrichten aus der Chemie is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)