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Background: Patient navigation programmes were introduced in the United States and recently gained interest in Germany, where the health care system is fragmented. Navigation programmes aim to decrease barriers to care for patients with age-associated diseases and complex care paths. Here we describe a feasibility study to evaluate a patient-oriented navigation model that was developed in a first project phase by integrating data about barriers to care, vulnerable patient populations and existing support services., Methods: We designed a mixed-methods feasibility study that consists of two two-arm randomized controlled trials aligned with observational cohorts. The intervention group of the RCTs gets support by personal navigators for 12 months. The control group receives a brochure with regional support offers for patients and caregivers. The feasibility of the patient-oriented navigation model for two prototypic age-associated diseases, lung cancer and stroke, is evaluated with regard to its acceptance, demand, practicality and efficacy. This investigation includes process evaluation measures with detailed documentation of the screening and recruitment process, questionnaires about satisfaction with navigation, observant participation and qualitative interviews. Estimates of efficacy for patient-reported outcomes are obtained at three follow-up time points including satisfaction with care and health-related quality of life. Furthermore, we analyze health insurance data from patients of the RCT insured at a large German health insurance (AOK Nordost) to investigate heath care utilization, costs and cost effectiveness., Trial Registration: The study is registered at the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00025476)., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Gödde et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Background: The concept of patient navigation was first established in the USA to support vulnerable patient groups in receiving timely and comprehensive access to cancer care. It has recently gained increasing interest in Germany to support patients with chronic diseases in a fragmented healthcare system. The aim of this paper is to present the development of such a model adapted to the German context based on the results of mixed-methods studies investigating the need for and barriers to patient-oriented care., Methods: In a process adapted from Delphi rounds, we conducted regular structured workshops with investigators of the project to discuss results of their studies and identify content and structure of the model based on the data. Workshop discussions were structured along seven core components of a navigation model including target patient groups, navigator tasks, occupational background and education of navigators, and patient-navigator interaction mode., Results: Using an approach based on empirical data of current care practices with special focus on patients' perspectives, we developed a patient-oriented navigation model for patients who have experienced stroke and lung cancer in the German healthcare context. Patients without personal social support were viewed as struggling most with the healthcare system, as well as multimorbid and elderly patients. Navigators should serve as a longer-term contact person with a flexible contact mode and timing based on the individual situation and preferences of patients. Navigator tasks include the provision of administrative and organizational support as well as referral and guidance to available resources and beneficial health programs with special forms of knowledge. Implementation of the navigator should be flexibly located to ensure a reliable outreach to vulnerable patients for first contact in settings like specialized in-patient and out-patient settings, while navigation itself focuses on care coordination in the out-patient setting., Conclusion: Flexibility of navigator tasks needed to be a core characteristic of a navigation model to be perceived as supportive from patients' perspectives. In a subsequent feasibility study, an intervention based on the model will be evaluated according to its acceptance, demand, and practicality., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the awareness of patient navigation (PN) in the general population in Germany and to assess which navigator tasks are considered most important. The analysis drew on a 2019 nationwide telephone survey of 6110 adults. We compared rankings of emotional support, administrative support and information among respondents with and without experience of patient navigation. One-fifth of the sample reported having heard of PNs; 13% of this group already had experience with PN. In both groups, the majority (>47%) considered assistance with applications to be most important. This was particularly the case among younger adults and those with a chronic disease. Within the inexperienced group, higher educated people had higher odds of ranking provision of information as most important for them, whereas women and those without a partner had higher odds of ranking emotional support as the most important task. This study shows that the majority of people predominantly expect PN services to offer administrative support, irrespective of their socioeconomic and health status. Whether these expectations are met by the diverse existing PN programs, which often have a strong focus on other tasks (e.g., increasing health literacy), has yet to be evaluated.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate available offers of support for stroke and lung cancer patients and their caregivers in the Berlin region besides direct medical or therapeutic care and to identify barriers in the use of available support from the perspective of care experts., Methods: A structured search of different sources, including an internet search, print information as well as interviews with experts and a group discussion, was conducted on support services available to lung cancer and stroke patients and their caregivers in Berlin for managing their altered health and life situation. Target groups of identified offers were verified and further information was gathered by a questionnaire. Further, barriers for utilization of support services were analyzed from conducted interviews and the group discussion with health care experts., Results: A total of 150 support services were identified for lung cancer and stroke patients and their caregivers in Berlin. There were many different forms of such offers, including, but not limited to, providing information and counseling, helping with the organization and coordination of the new life situation as well as giving psychosocial support. Missing information or information that was not adjusted to the patients' education level about care entitlements, lack of knowledge about as well as spatial distance to facilities were stated as barriers for utilization., Conclusions: A variety of support services is available in Berlin for lung cancer and stroke patients and their caregivers regarding different needs that might arise from their altered health and living situation. Providing information on existing offers more broadly to the target group and improving local availability may optimize utilization of such services by patients., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Objective: This qualitative study investigated patients' needs and wishes in relation to patient navigation., Design: A qualitative interview study was conducted. Participants were invited to take part in three in-depth interviews over a period of 6-12 months. Thematic analysis was used., Setting: Interviewees were sought in the Berlin metropolitan area of Germany in academic university hospitals, in rehabilitation clinics and through self-help organisations., Participants: The sample consisted of individuals diagnosed with lung cancer (n=20) or stroke (n=20)., Results: From the perspective of interviewees, patient navigators should function as consistent contact persons, present during the whole care trajectory. Their role would be to guide patients through an often confusing healthcare landscape, offering practical, advisory and emotional assistance corresponding to patients' needs. The study shows that-independent of the disease-participants had similar expectations and needs regarding support from navigators., Conclusion: For chronic and complex diseases-as is the case with lung cancer and stroke-it appears less important for navigators to fulfil disease-specific tasks. Rather, they should ensure that patients' more general needs, in relation to social, practical and emotional support, are met in a way that suits their individual wishes. Following these results, patient navigation programmes might be designed to include generic elements, which should then be adapted to the infrastructure in a particular healthcare region and to the particularities of a specific healthcare system., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)