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While issues of pollution and noxious substances in cultural assets have been a recurrent topic in the museum sector, the realization that library collections may also be affected by them, has only recently gained traction in the library field. Of particular concern are arsenic compounds used up until the 19th century for the dyeing of book components. As one of the first libraries in Germany, the University Library Kiel is currently undertaking a large-scale project to get to identify and test potentially arsenic-containing holdings. A first overview is presented here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biebrich scarlet was the first commercial bis-azo dye when it appeared on the market in 1879 in Biebrich on Rhine, Germany. The dye's early history is recounted here with details of the manufacturing process. The possibility that the dye exists in a keto form rather than an enol form is discussed. Application as a textile dye was soon followed by use as a biological stain and for medical applications. Efforts to decolorize the dye to reduce environmental impact are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notable correlation between morphology and physicochemical properties of nanomaterials has called for particular attention to the synthetic methods of fine control over it. Modern theories of nucleation and crystal growth have often presented an incomplete picture of its understanding and do not apply universally. Here, we investigated a case wherein oxime-modified ligands (L)-based Ge precursors [Ge {OPri} 4-n {L} n ] were synthesized from [Ge (OPri) 4 ] and subjected further to hydrolysis under a sol-gel scheme. The synthesis of precursors seems to have displayed a mechanistic and thermodynamic limitation over the extent of substitution due to the steric factor of the ligands. Whereas the hydrolysis of these precursors substituted with varying sizes (steric factor) of ligand yielded spherical (20 nm), sheet (16 nm) and rod-shaped (14 nm) nano α-quartz-like GeO 2. These morphological variations and reduction in the size of NPs, on account of precursors, are understood to have arisen due to the changes in nucleation and Ostwald ripening processes coupled with the hydrolytic behavior of the precursors. The nanosheet structures of α-quartz-like GeO 2 with a band gap of 5.47eV have shown different degradation efficiency, indicating altered surface-interface with two dyes, viz. methylene orange and rhodamine 6G. This work extends the understanding of "Ge" coordination chemistry and the role of precursor assemblies in nano synthesis and application. • The steric factor of Ge precursors [Ge {OPri} 4-n {L} n ] controls its hydrolytic behavior. • Ligands on Ge precursors play a defining role in the morphology of Germania NPs. • The size of Germania NPs decreases with an increase in the ligand size of the precursor. • The band gap affects the photocatalytic activity of Germania NPs under direct sunlight. • The structural parameters of dye affect its degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers biomedical news briefs as of April 2019. Initiatives from the groups of Taiyuan, China have discovered a dye which lights up selectively in cancer cells. Collaborating groups from Cuba and Germany have worked together to use the Ugi multicomponent coupling reaction to staple peptides. A useful way was developed by a group from the University of Tokyo to functionalise BODIPY dyes.

In 1825, Michael Faraday, working in his workshop at the Royal Institution, discovered what he called bicarburet of hydrogen, now known as benzene. One hundred years later, his discovery was celebrated at the Royal Institution by a host of national and international delegates. Just over thirty years after Faraday's discovery, the industrial importance of benzene was realised with the establishment of the synthetic dyestuffs industry. In this paper, the Faraday Benzene Centenary Celebration is discussed in detail and compared with other celebrations that have linked benzene with colour, in particular the 1890 celebration in Germany of the benzene ring formula and the 1906 celebration of the foundation of the coal-tar dye industry. It is instructive to review the different economic and political agendas underlying these events, each within the context of a particular time and place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 187 bladder cancer cases reported to the employers' liability insurance association in Germany as suspected cases of an occupational disease produced by aromatic amines, N- acetyltransferase-2 (NAT2) activity status, occupational exposure data, period of latency, and clinical parameters were determined. In 83 out of 187 cases surveyed within the period 1991-1999, the NAT2 acetylator status was investigated by determining the molar ratio of an acetylated and a nonacetylated caffeine metabolite in urine (phenotyping) and/or by NAT2 genotyping according to standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol. The proportion of slow NAT2 acetylators in the surveyed 83 bladder cancer cases was 67%. In the entire group of surveyed 187 cases, mean duration of exposure was 17.6 yr and mean period of latency was 34.7 yr. Occupational exposures to potential bladder carcinogens were observed in 73 occupations, including chemical industry (25%), and occupations as a painter and/or varnisher (23%) were most often encountered. In 12% of the surveyed bladder cancer cases, a second primary malignancy was observed. The NAT2 distribution observed in the 83 cases is comparable to the proportion in 40 occupationally exposed bladder cancer cases in a Department of Urology located close to a former German production site of benzidine-based azo dyes, but higher than in most studies involving NAT2 genetic status in bladder cancer cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Prussian blue or ferric ferrocyanide or iron hexacyanoferrate, its history and crystal structure. It states that the study of Prussian blue began with the artists' colormaker, Heinrich Diesbach of Berlin, Germany, who was trying to prepare a crimson lake. Diesbach lacked the necessary potash, so he bought some from a local alchemist, Johan Konrad Dippel. However, Diesbach's obtained a color blue instead of the red he wanted. It turned out the Dippel's potash had been contaminated with his "animal oil," which was a distillate of animal blood, bones and offal. Although the organic component for Prussian blue had been identified, its preparation remained uncover until 1724 when John Woodward published a method that called for dried ox-blood as the starting material.

Background: Hot compresses on the right upper abdomen are used as support for patients with liver diseases in Germany. The study was designed to determine, whether they affect hepatic blood flow. Methods: Single dose kinetics of indocyanine green (ICG) were studied in 13 healthy subjects with or without hot compresses on the right upper abdomen over 40 minutes. The time interval between the investigations was 8 days, the sequence was randomly assigned. Results: Within non-linear kinetic analyses the area under the curves (AUC) were 23% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5—37%) lower with hot compresses. In the initial phase, however, no differences were detected (p = 0.295). The differences occurred only in the late phase after 30—40 minutes, when the genuine ICG is eliminated from the plasma and only the degradation product remains. Conclusion: Hot compresses have no effect on ICG elimination in healthy subjects but seem to affect the elimination of ICG metabolites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the history of the dyestuff industry. It is stated that the acorn for this industry fell almost by accident, with the discovery of mauve in 1856 by W. H. Perkin. The industry was said to be based in Europe. It is said that the educational system for the production of trained aromatic chemists was available in Germany. It is said that dyestuff manufacturers equally need a profitable profile to fully meet their responsibilities in the increasingly important environment area.

An alkaline after-treatment is not absolutely necessary, when the newly developed oligomer dispersant Zetesan Ole by Zschimmer & Schwarz Mohsdorf GmbH & Co. KG, Burgstädt/Germany, is applied in dyeing of light and medium depth shades of polyester based material. Single-bath dyeing processes using this dispersant and a yarn lubricant can be performed when preliminary trials have been carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article reports on the centenary year for the discovery of Synthetic Indigo. It is said that indigo, the ancient and not very fast blue dye, remains such a strong and consistent color of fashion in an age when chemists expend so much effort to ensure color adhesion. It is stated that the present day popularity of indigo is due to the faded style of casual wear. Buffalo Color Corp., in the United States, BASF in Germany, ICI in Great Britain, and Mitsui Toatsu in Japan are the four leading manufacturers of synthetic indigo.

The article offers a look at the discovery by German pathologist Gerhard Dogmack of prontosil, the first commercially available antibiotic. In 1939, the Nobel Prize was awarded to Domagk for his work into the antibacterial properties of a ruby-red dye called prontosil. Domagk used to serve the military during the First World War. Information on failed efforts to find a cure for infections is provided. Domagk's daughter recovered from septicemia after he gave her prontosil.

The article reports initiative of International Textile Manufacturers Association's (ITMA), wherein leading Asian customers witnessed live trials of dyeing, finishing and coating of technical textiles using ecocontrol processes at Monforts Advanced Technical Centre (ATC), Moenchengladbach, Germany.

The article offers news briefs as of May/June 2007 in the field of textile industry research and innovations. Swiss scientists have developed fabrics that can function as conductors. Scientists at the Hochschule Niederrhein are developing a procedure which allows the dyeing of aramide fibers without water.

Reports are offered from an October 18, 2012 conference in Schüttdorf, Germany on mitigating the environmental impact of the waterproof clothing industry and from another November 15, 2012 conference on environmentally friendly dyes from DyStar Colors Distribution GmbH. The dyes' hypoallergenic nature and lack of amines is discussed.

The article offers information on Tübingen, Germany based CHT/Bezema Group's sustainable auxiliaries and dyes which will be presented at the 2011 International Textile Machinery Association (ITMA). It notes Contavan ICE, a peroxide stabilizer which offers safe bleaching process on cellulose fibers. It mentions Sarabid MIP, an anionic dyeing auxiliary which acts as a pectinase, a washing and dispersing agent, an anti-crease agent, and a buffer.

The article reports on the joint research and development agreement between DyStar Textilfarben GmbH & Co., Deutschland KG and BASF SE for the development of the dyeing of textile polyamide fibers in Germany. BASF will take care of the new polymers for fiber production while DyStart will manage the development of the dyes. BASF is developing new fiber polymers with improved dye absorption while DyStar has successfully developed a complete series of reactive dyes for polyamide.DyStar Textilfarben GmbH & Co. Deutschland KG of Frankfurt and BASF SE of Ludwigshafen, Germany, have recently signed a cooperation agreement on joint research and development aimed at improving the dyeing of textile polyamide fibers.Dystar Textilfarben Gmbh & Co Deutschland Kg

The article reports that a growth of 15.5 percent was achieved by the textile machinery industry in Germany in the first half of 2007. This figure can be accounted to €1.9 billion. The biggest part of the reported percentage was contributed by the makers of spinning machinery, like texturing and man-made fiber production. Meanwhile, €639 million was contributed by exports in knitting machinery, while exports in fishing machines like bleaching, washing and dyeing technology achieved €292 million.

The article informs that Sareena Dyeing, a part of Pakistan-based Sareena Industries and Embroidery Mills Group, has taken delivery of a 2nd Thermex continuous dyeing range from Germany-based A. Monforts Textilmaschinen GmbH. As reported, the Group was founded in 1972 and has a monthly turnover of U.S. $7 million. The Group includes Pakistan's largest embroidery operation with 35 embroidery machines. It is reported that the Thermex 6500 dyeing range consists of a working fabric width of 1.8 m, having 3 Thermex modules and 2 IR dryers.

The article reports that BASF AG of Ludwigshafen, Germany, a chemical company, has increased prices worldwide for coating resins. The product groups that are affected by the price increase include Laromer, Basonat, Luhydran, Laropal, Ludropal, and Luwipal. All of the said products are mainly used in the coatings industry. The chemical products of the company for coatings, plastics, and specialties business unit include process chemicals, light stabilizers, binders and cross linkers, preparations and dyes, and pigments.

The article features the new Procion Fast H-EXL high-performance ternary combination for textile finishing from DyStar GmbH in Frankfurt, Germany. The new product provides a broader range of shades with high light and wet light fastness from pale to medium shades. It features 3 dyes that harmonized perfectly with the same substantivity and reactivity, including the metal-free Procion Fast Red H-EXL, Procion Fast Yellow H-EXL and Procion Fast Blue H-EXL. These dyes are certified with Marks & Spencer PLC.

Producers of dyestuffs and auxiliaries were given the opportunity to take part in the ITMA for the first time as exhibitors. A full booth and high quality discussion with important decision makers from all continents shaped the success of the trade fair for BASF AG in Germany. According to Thomas Kessel, manager of communications, the booth visitors were pleasantly surprised by how many new developments BASF had to offer for textile auxiliaries.

The article offers information on the career background of Dietrich R. Hildebrand. Hildebrand holds a doctorate degree in chemistry from the University of Heidelberg in Germany. He became affiliated with the Wool Research Institute in Aachen, Germany and was featured guest speaker at two of American Association of Textile Chemists & Colorists' (AATCC) international conferences. His books and papers focus on the fundamentals and techniques of reactive dyeing. He is also the author of 56 patents. As of 1987, he is working with the Bayer Ag in Leverkusen, West Germany. Hildebrand has been named as recipient of The Henry E. Millson Award for Invention for his work on reactive dyeing.

The article presents information on the imports of benzenoid dyes into U.S. in 1970. According to the figures of the U.S. Tariff Commission, the country imported 25.6 million pounds valued at $38.6 million compared with 23.1 million pounds valued at $37.2 million in 1969. Vat dyes accounted for 30.7%, disperse dyes 23.2% and acid dyes 10.8%. Imports of acid dyes in 1970 were 55,000 pounds below the 2.8 million pounds landed in 1969. West Germany and Switzerland, accounted for 81.9% of the total imports in terms of invoice value.