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The article discusses the developments in the restitution politics in Germany since the case involving the looted art included in the collection by German art dealer and art historian Hildebrand Gurlitt and pased to his son Cornelius Gurlitt. Topics include the political and media response to the Gurlitt case, the restitution policy in German prior to the Gurlitt case, and the major role of journalists in Germany and the failure of German restitution politics.

The article focuses on the restitution of Nazi-looted artworks and cultural property. Topics mentioned include the appropriated artworks by the campaign of German leader Adolf Hitler in Europe, the consider of the Nazi art confiscation program as the greatest art displacement in human history, and the aim of Allied policy to return the artworks.

This article discusses the attitude, prior to as well as after 1945, of both the former Hessian State Library (Landesbibliothek) and the academic library (Hochschulbibliothek) at Darmstadt towards books confiscated by the Nazis. Since most of the records as well as books have vanished in the bombings of the year 1944, only few items looted from victims of persecution could be identified. After 1948, the now united State and University Library (Landes- und Hochschulbibliothek) was given several thousand confiscated books that have not subsequently been restituted by the German and Allied public authorities. Among them, parts of the former Lodges' libraries in Mainz (Rhenus-Loge) and Darmstadt (Starkenburg-Loge) give an impression of the intellectual life of the B'nai B'rith Order in pre-war Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, Professor Jansen sets out the historical background and present state of unjustified enrichment theory in the German-speaking civilian legal systems, Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. The German law of unjustified enrichment has grown from two intellectually separate roots. These different legal ideas were interwoven during the 19th century by the German Pandectists. During the 20th century, it began to appear to many that these ideas did not fit well with one another. Professor Jansen thus argues that the modern civilian law of unjustified enrichment is increasingly characterised by a division into independent and distinct parts. In particular, the rules on the unwinding of contracts and on payments made in contemplation of future contracts no longer have much in common with claims based on an infringement of another person's property right. The conclusion drawn is that the Germanic systems should take their leave of the unifying idea of unjustified enrichment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the two currently planned museum projects concerning the history o f German inhabitants in the Czech lands: the Collegium Bohemicum in LJsti nad Labem (Northern Bohemia), and the Sudeten German Museum in Munich (Bavaria). In both cases, a political mandate stands in the background, both projects reflect the specific forms of culture of remembrance of the bearers of historical discourse: the majority of Czech society and the second and third generation of expelled Sudeten Germans. Key concepts for the visitors to the museum in LJsti are those o f the “absence” of the Germans, and the “ re s titu tio n ” or “ realization” of th e ir history and cultural heritage. In Munich, the simple presentation of the Sudeten Germans is not what stands at the fore, but rather the key concepts o f “ loss” and “ absence” o f a homeland and the connected questions o f identity. To this extent, both o f the museum concepts appear to be relatively conservative and structurally similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the post-war restitution and compensation of properties owned by the Jews that were confiscated during the Third Reich in the territory of the former East Germany. Topics discussed include a background of reparations as part of the history of the 20th-century world politics, with an emphasis on the German restitution and compensation schemes. Also discussed are restitution of identifiable property and the right to restitution.

In December 2013, the Court at first instance in Bonn ruled on whether Germany is required to pay compensation to victims of the International Security Assistance Force airstrike ordered by a German colonel in 2009 in Kunduz. Whereas the traditional approach rejects liability of the government for sovereign acts in armed conflicts, the Court held that the rules of German governmental liability (Amtshaftung) do — in principle — apply to illegal sovereign acts in contemporary armed conflicts. However, the Court did not admit the claim on its merits. This judgment can, nonetheless, be placed within the line of questions regarding international relations to be resolved by law and not politics. This article examines the history of German jurisprudence regarding victims’ compensation for harm suffered resulting from violations of international humanitarian law. It summarizes and assesses the Kunduz judgment and explains why applying legal liability to the government for sovereign acts in bello is a logical step in the development of the rule of law. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A sample law exam concerning civil procedure in Germany is presented, which revolves around questions of default judgments and restitution.

The article presents a sample exam for students of German civil law, which involves questions of compensatory damages and restitution claims in the case of the purchase of a car that was defective due to production errors and lack of quality control at the car manufacturer's suppliers. The authors address various issues of German commercial and contract law, as outlined in the Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (Civil Code, BGB) and in the Produkthaftungsgesetz (Product Liability Act, ProdHaftG) of Germany.

The article discusses the provisions concerning due diligence in personal affairs, according to article 277 of the Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (Civil Code, BGB) of Germany, and their applicability to traffic law. The author focuses on questions of tort law, particularly questions of liability and damages. Legal issues addressed in detail include restitution in kind, the relationship between parents and children and the liability of parents for their children, and the legal liability of spouses for damages toward each other.

Dieser Beitrag berichtet über die Geschichte eines Buches des jüdischen Apothekers Leopold Scheyer, das, nachdem es im Jahr 2010 aus dem Bibliotheksbestand der Freien Universität Berlin ausgesondert wurde, antiquarisch erworben, sich als NS-Raubgut herausstellte und jetzt an die Erben zurückerstattet wurde. Ein sich daran anschließendes Studium der Entschädigungsakten gibt Einblick in die Praxis der Wiedergutmachung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland in den Nachkriegsjahren. This essay reports the history of a book that was disowned from a Jewish pharmacist during the rule of the NS regime and unjustly assigned to the Berlin (Freie Universität) university library. After the book was discarded by the library in 2010, it was purchased on the book market and subsequently identified as Nazi-loot. As we were fortunate enough to locate the legitimate heirs, the book could be returned into their hands. A resulting investigation of the legal documents of corresponding indemnity process allows to gain insights into the way how compensation cases were legally dealt with in the Federal Republic of Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the Restitution Decree for the Land of Berlin and discusses the grounds for a claim for restitution by the legal successors of Dr. Hans Sachs. The article discusses the confiscation of a valuable poster collection belonging to Dr. Sachs in 1938 by the Ministry of Propaganda in Germany, part of the collection that has been recovered at the Museum of German History in East-Berlin and the legal rights of the successors of Dr. Sachs.

The article presents a sample examination question for law students concerning compensation for property executed due to a court order for damages that was invalidated and overturned on appeal. The authors provide sample solutions to this legal problems, citing relevant passages from the German Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (Civil Code, BGB) and the German Zivilprozessordnung (Code of Civil Procedure, ZPO). Problems considered include possession, civil recovery, and damages or restitution for property improperly sold in executions.

The article examines the potential accommodation of proprietary restitution within an absence of legal basis. It emphasizes the importance of addressing the problem involving the basis of the resulting trust, and compares the structure of laws in Scotland, Germany and South Africa. It also argues that Robert Chambers's view that the resulting trust responds to unjust enrichment, particularly to an absence of basis is inconsistent with the law on proprietary remedies.

After a decade of tremendous population loss indicating severe decline, some large east German cities have been displaying signs of reurbanisation since the late 1990s. Using the city of Leipzig as an example, this paper identifies the major characteristics, progress and underlying spatio-temporal dynamics of reurbanisation, and examines whether it is a long-term process of urban living or features only short-term tendencies. Socio-demographic indicators are used to observe the development of inner-city districts. At the spatial scale of municipal districts, time-series data are analysed for the years 1993 to 2005. The paper argues that reurbanisation has occurred primarily in inner-city districts and has progressed considerably since the early 1990s. However, the spatio-temporal distribution of the relevant indicators shows that reurbanisation is far from being a homogeneous process. In light of this, the paper presents a ring of reurbanisation-sensitive municipal districts around the city centre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The State and University Library Bremen was the first German library that started with a systematic tracing of NS looted art within its collection in 1991. Around 1 600 titles were identified as being suspected or being NS looted art. Until today 290 books were returned to their rightful owner or their legal heirs. All titles can be retrieved via a separate online catalogue which was released in 2009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the pending property issues in the new federal states of Germany. It started right after World War II that leads to a division of the country into two states with different social orders. Federal legislation took control of the restitution of the properties and to be understood by former proprietors. It is believed that most of the real estates of the German Democratic Republic were developed against humanity between 1945-1949.

A pietist, Lutheran group, the Templers settled in Palestine in the 1860s, but maintained their German citizenship and established the first Nazi Party branch outside of Germany. At the outbreak of World War II they were interned by the British in Palestine, and about one third were deported to Australia. In April 1948 the remaining Templers were evacuated and many also chose to settle in Australia. The Australian government, which wanted to use the proceeds from the sale of the Templers' property to assist in their resettlement, successfully persuaded Germany to include this restitution as part of the Claims Agreement signed in September 1952. It took a further decade of negotiation before a final settlement was agreed to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study on several conventional alternatives to imprisonment in the criminal justice system in Germany. Reasons behind a discrepancy in the crime rate and the incarceration rate in the country; Features of the system of criminal justice; Methods for criminal sentencing, including mediation and restitution.

Since 1999 respectively 2005, the Hamburg State and University Library Carl von Ossietzky is searching its stock systematically for nazi-looted cultural property, recording the results in its opac. In 2008, first results of the Nazi-loot project have been introduced to the public in an exhibition. Thanks to the financial support that the library is receiving from the Arbeitsstelle füür Provenienzforschung since 2009, the project team has been reinforced by a scientific assistant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article announces the restitution of Nazi-plundered books of the Talmud to the Jewish studies department of the Abraham Geiger Kolleg college in Potsdam, Germany by the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek and Zentral- und Landesbibliothek Berlin libraries.

The article discusses a case before the Bundesgerichtshof (Federal Court of Justice, BGH) of Germany, decided on October 17, 2012, which revolved around the subsequent improvement of defective building materials under German contract law, as laid out in the Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (Civil Code, BGB). The court ruled that the delivery of replacement materials sufficed as restitution, and that the deliverer need not also compensate the contractor for the costs of the removal of the defective material.

The article discusses a civil case before the Bundesgerichtshof (Federal Court of Justice, BGH) of Germany, decided on January 24, 2013, which revolved around the liability of Internet service providers in case of service interruptions. The court considered the economic significance of Internet access for both businesses and individuals in the 21st-century information society, as well as questions of restitution and damages according to the German Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (Civil Code, BGB).

The article discusses a civil law case before the Bundesgerichtshof (Federal Court of Justice, BGH) of Germany, decided on December 12, 2012, which revolved around the question of the validity of a contract between two consumers about the sale of a used automobile. Issues addressed included the obligation of the seller to disclose defects and damages, restitution, and damages.

The article discusses a criminal case before the Bundesgerichtshof (Federal Court of Justice, BGH) of Germany, decided on December 20, 2012, which involved fraud in the case of sports betting. The court considered various aspects of the case, including mistakes, liability and damages, and restitution claims.

The article discusses a legal case concerning fraudulent billing by concierge doctors, which was decided by the Bundesgerichtshof (Federal Court of Justice, BGH) of Germany on January 25, 2012. The court evaluated patients' rights to restitution and damages as well as violations of the Gebührenordnung für Ärzte (Physicians' Fee Scale, GOÄ) of Germany.

The article discusses a legal case concerning restitution claims in eminent domain cases, which was decided by the Bundesgerichtshof (Federal Court of Justice, BGH) of Germany on January 20, 2012. Issues raised included the legal interpretation and construction of relevant passages in the German civil code (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, BGB) and in the Baugesetzbuch, which regulates urban planning, questions of unjust enrichment, and restitution and compensation.

Since September 2009, a project is under way at Leipzig University Library, researching holdings which came into the library during the NS period. Sponsored by federal funds, the 12-months-project ''NS-Raubgut an der Universitäätsbibliothek Leipzig'' will pay special attention to about 6 000 titles singled out by documents in the archives of the university library. Wherever possible, previous ownership will be established and restitutions prepared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]