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The temporal variations of radionuclide ratios in air and deposition samples collected simultaneously at Munich-Neuherberg (F.R.G.) after the Chernobyl accident have been studied. Until 8 May 1986, the radionuclides investigated were 99Mo, 103Ru, 106Ru, 110mAg, 125Sb, 129mTe, 132Te, 131I, 134Cs, 137Cs, 140Ba, 141Ce and 144Ce. After 8 May, 99Mo, 110mAg, 125Sb, and the Ce isotopes were below the detection limits. Considerable temporal variations of the above radionuclides, relative to 137Cs, were observed in air as well as in deposition. In air the temporal variations reflect the arrival of different parts of the reactor plume with different elemental composition. In deposition, the temporal patterns were quite different from those in air for a given radionuclide. This is explained by varying contributions of dry and wet deposition. Until 8 May, the washout ratios of the above radionuclides covered a range from 240 to 5600, with smaller variations for all radionuclides within one event (e.g. 460-910), and larger variations from one event to another (e.g. 460-3300 for 137Cs). The dry deposition velocity of 137Cs was found to be 0.27 cm s-1, similar to that of 110mAg, aerosol 131I and 140Ba (0.37, 0.13 and 0.15 cm s-1). Another group of radionuclides includes 103Ru, 106Ru, 125Sb, total 131I and 132Te with dry deposition velocities of 0.08, 0.10, 0.07, 0.03 and 0.08 cm s-1 and with temporal variations in deposition which are quite different from those of the first group. From 8 May to the end of June, the washout ratios increased to values between 1500 and 24,000, with the exception of iodine, which had considerably lower washout ratios of between 37 and 4400. These later effects are explained by resuspension and, in the case of iodine, by remobilization of gaseous species.

Rectal cancer is quite easy to identify. Simple methods of investigations and early symptoms should allow a good prognosis. This is patholphysiologically supported by slow increasement and relatively late filialisation along long metastatic roads. Therefore it is to be regretted, that of 632 patients, suffering from rectal cancer in the years 1955-1970, 179 (28,3%) could not be treated on cure. Even palliative procedures had a postoperative mortality of 24,6%. This delay in early diagnose reduced the time of survival from 72% 2-jears-survival, when operated on cure (see article) to 59,1% (see article), respectively from 52,1% 5-years-survival (see article) to 38,5% (see article). These results can be only improved by regular prophylactic examinations.

It is thought that the early outcome of patients with liver cirrhosis after end-to-side porta-caval anastomosis not only depends on their clinical situation but also on the postoperative haemodynamic state of the liver. The postoperative haemodynamics can be estimated if the relation of liver volume and the predicted hepatic arterial perfusion is focused. The maximum of arterial liver perfusion seems to be 1200 ml/min in the absence of a portal liver blood supply. Thus, a postoperative perfusionindex between 0.8-1.2 like in normal subjects seems to be the best situation to prevent postoperative hepatic underperfusion. 25 patients were investigated, in which the clinical situation was classified as recommended by Child, and liver volume was estimated by means of ultrasonography. Those patients having liver volumes between 1000 and 1500 ml providing a postoperative PI between 0.8-12 survived in 100%. The early mortality rate of those, having liver volumes more or less these thresholds died in 69%. It was concluded that hepatomegaly or extreme liver atrophy are situations not to be recommended for classical porta-caval anastomosis. Other procedures are dissussed which "seem to be some good news" by clinical data and by means of experimental results. The techniques discussed consist in procedures preventing the pancreatic venous blood to shunt away from the liver.