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Sugarcane aphid [Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner)] is a destructive pest that has had an economic effect on sorghum in North America since 2013. The identification, development, and use of resistant sorghum germplasm is the most feasible strategy to control the pest. Nevertheless, the genetic control of sugarcane aphid (SCA) resistance is unknown for most sorghum resistant lines. To identify the genetic regions that confer SCA resistance in sorghum line SC112‐14, 103 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived by its cross with the susceptible line PI 609251 were evaluated for their SCA resistance response in Georgia during two consecutive years. The resistance response was determined based on two ratings (2 wk apart) for aphid population size (APS) and aphid‐induced plant damage (APD) each year. Segregation for SCA resistance was observed for the first APS and both APD ratings, and the broad‐sense heritability estimate ranged from.71 to.76, respectively. A quantitative trait locus analysis using a high‐density linkage map of 3,852 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected an 81‐kb genomic region on chromosome 6 that explained 50–55% of the phenotypic variation. Comparative mapping analysis found that the resistance locus in SC112‐14 is located 8‐ and 10‐cM upstream of the Henong 16 (RMES1) and Tx2783 resistance loci, respectively, and encloses the SNP Sbv3.1_06_2316351 associated in Haitian resistant lines. Therefore, the line SC112‐14 is an additional SCA resistance source that can be combined or strategically used with other resistance sources to assure a more robust host plant resistance to the SCA. Core Ideas: Sugarcane aphid resistance in sorghum line SC112‐14 is controlled by a major QTL on chromosome 6.Genome mapping delimited an 81‐kb genomic region on chromosome 6 that contains seven genes.The major QTL found in SC112‐14 is upstream of RMES1 and the resistance loci from Tx2783.The QTL found in SC112‐14 contains the second most associated SNP found in Haitian resistance lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]