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XPO1 is a nuclear receptor that is involved in the nuclear export pathway. A high expression of XPO1 is associated with reduced survival in hematologic malignancies. The inhibition of XPO1 was shown to be effective in multiple preclinical models. Selinexor is the main inhibitor that was tested in clinical trials, both in lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms. Clinical results were globally unsatisfactory and tolerability was average. Selinexor was granted compassionate use in France in the treatment of relapsed/refractory myeloma after failure of four lines of treatment and in non-Hodgkin lymphomas after failure of two lines. A better selection of patients with higher susceptibility to XPO1 inhibition and the development of second-generation inhibitors with a better security profile may revive the clinical development of XPO1 inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]