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The relationship between osteoarticular status and future athletic capacity is commonly accepted in equine practice, but there is little to support this belief in Thoroughbreds. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of juvenile osteochondral conditions (JOCC) in Thoroughbred yearlings and to investigate the significance of these with regard to subsequent racing performance. The radiographic files from 328 Thoroughbred yearlings born in Normandy were assessed in a consistent manner and entered into a database together with racing records. Logistic regression models were used to quantify the association between each radiographic parameter and racing performance (raced/not raced, placed/not placed, performer/not performer) at 2, 3, 4 and 5years of age. The front fetlock (30.2% of horses), the dorsal aspect of the hind fetlock (18%), the carpus (15.9%) and the distal part of the hock (15.5%) were the most commonly affected joints. Most horses (87.5%) raced either in turf flat races or in hurdle races. Starting a race at 2years old was more frequent for yearlings without radiographic findings (RF) on the carpus or with less than one RF of moderate severity. The proportions of horses placed at 3years old decreased with increasing number or severity of RF. In racing horses, there was no association between the presence of RF and earnings. The radiographic score, calculated as the sum of all the severity indices found on the radiographic file of the horse appeared well correlated with performance. Using this synthetic index might help veterinarians to evaluate radiographs of Thoroughbred yearlings for potential buyers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The racing careers of 2, 3, 4, and 5-year-old Thoroughbreds and French trotters born in France between 1995 and 1999 were analysed. The horses were evaluated on a set of traits, with particular attention to annual or career earnings and number of starts. As expected, the distributions of earnings corrected for year, age and sex are very skew and thus inappropriate for breeding value estimations. However, Log transformation results in near normal distributions more suitable for this purpose. Another problem of annual or career earnings required a more complex approach. As most horses did not win any money in France (67% of the trotters and 41% of the Thoroughbreds), it is difficult to correctly evaluate these horses. On the other hand, a linear adjustment of the Log of earnings by the Log of the number of starts (exponential adjustment of the earning index) leads to regression coefficients close to 1. It justified the use of the Log of earnings per start and explained its higher heritability in literature. A quadratic adjustment of the Log of earnings by the Log of the number of starts (sigmoid adjustment of the earning index) improves the adjustment for the Thoroughbred only and should be implemented for these horses. The probability of a horse to be placed according to the number of starts was also studied. It is shown that the observed percentage of non-placed horses p s according to the number of starts, s, is in all cases inferior to the expected percentage (p s < p 1 s ). Therefore, races of the same horse cannot be considered as independent events. The percentage of horses placed and the mean earnings for each age can be combined in order to estimate the economical weights for each age class. Economical weights for the French trotter were 0.00, 0.21, 0.40, and 0.39 for 2, 3, 4, and 5-year olds respectively. They were 0.11, 0.45, 0.26 and 0.18 respectively for Thoroughbreds of the same age categories. The current tendency to move from annual or career criteria towards criteria at the race level is discussed. However, the question on how to evaluate the important proportion of horses born that never appeared in a race still remains open and should focus future research. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article studies the symbol of the horse and horsemanship as a noble and masculine ideal in France. During the nineteenth century, contradictory attitude towards aristocracy prevailed. Thus, horsemanship functioned as a symbol of aristocratic habits. It is because riding was said to infuse the physical capacities of men. Furthermore, the relation between men and horsemanship has been represented in various literary works.