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Over 1.7 billion students around the world have had their education disrupted by the spread of the Coronavirus disease worldwide. Schools and universities have not faced this level of disruption since World War II. The COVID-19 pandemic presented a colossal challenge for teachers to urgently and massively adapt all their classes to distance learning in order to maintain educational continuity with the same quality. Even if some teachers and certain classes were ready to face the situation, a large majority had to adapt their teaching and learning in a very short time without training, with insufficient bandwidth, and with little preparation. This unexpected and rapid transition to online learning has led to a multiplication of teachers' strategies for distance learning in lectures, tutorials, project groups, lab works, and assessments. The purpose of this paper is to present the feedback from students and teachers who participated in the lockdown semester of two different groups of a 5-year program in Chemistry, Environment and Chemical Engineering (100 students) at INSA Toulouse (France). The analysis has highlighted some great successes and some failures in the solutions proposed. Consequently, some guidelines can be given to help us all to learn the lessons of such a singular experience in order to face the unexpected future with more knowledge and more successful distance learning. Teachers have shown very strong resilience during this crisis, at the cost of significant personal commitment. They admit that they have learned more about distance education in two months than in the last 10 years.

Estimates the excess sludge production and the specific costs related to phosphorus removal in the urban wastewater treatment field in France. Chemical precipitation; Sludge production; Impact of phosphorus coming from detergents; Type of dephosphatation process; Enhanced biological phosphorus removal.

A new respirometric method for COD fractionation was applied to various wastewaters collected on French treatment plants. Great variations were observed especially in the readily biodegradable fraction (RBCOD) ranging from 1 to 16% of total COD. Variability of the results among the origin can be explained by the reactions occurring in the sewers. In one of the towns studied, the wastewater samples collected directly in the sewer show COD characteristics very different from the sewage which reaches the treatment plant. By analysing the same wastewater after aerobic and anaerobic storage, it was proved that RBCOD respectively decreased or increased significantly. Seasonal fluctuations were also quantified, showing that RBCOD fraction decreased from 75 mg/L to -15 mg/L during the summer whereas the variation of solublefraction was less important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]