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Introduction: Retention is the set of means, processes or devices that contribute to maintain the teeth in the position and the arches in the shape given by the treatment as long as possible. Given the heterogeneity of practices, devices used and follow-up modalities, the French Society of Dentofacial Orthopedics, a scientific society, has proposed Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) for orthodontic retention. This article presents the method used to develop the CPG full-text and the guidelines produced., Materials and Methods: A review of the literature was carried out after a bibliographic search of databases. The CPG full-text and guidelines were drafted, graded according to the level of evidence, then reread, discussed and validated by the experts of the workgroup. A second review by a group of external experts was then carried out before final validation of the CPG for publication., Results: Of 652 articles selected, 53 met the inclusion criteria and were used to prepare the CPG full-text to produce 41 grade C items and 23 expert agreements, constituting 40 guidelines., Discussion: There is still no consensus on the choice of materials. The literature remains poor on the functions. Some devices, more used in France, are poorly documented in the literature., Conclusion: The CPGs provide recommendations on the factors to consider before using a retainer, the effectiveness of the different devices, their failures and adverse effects, as well as the follow-up procedures.

The article discusses a presentation by Panagiotis Kanarelis, O. Sorel and A. Kokkas at the 6th International Orthodontic Congress held in Paris, France about the development of a new lingual bracket. He claims that lingual bracket is still useful for the orthodontist and more comfortable for the patient. He cites the characteristics of the new lingual bracket, including a bite plane incorporated in the anterior brackets for deep bite correction and a well-designed pad for better bonding.

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of extraction of third molars on the occurrence of temporo-mandibular disorders (TMD). A review of the literature and a case-control study have been conducted. The case-control study compares the frequency of extraction of third molars between the sample with TMD (case) and the sample without TMD (control). The proportion of patients who had undergone extractions of wisdom teeth was higher in the case group than in the control group. The difference was statistically significant when patients had undergone extraction of all four wisdom teeth or when the extraction of four wisdom teeth underwent in one sitting or under general anesthesia. The study of patients in case sample shows that all signs of TMD were more common in patients who had undergone extractions in several sessions and under local anesthesia. The temporomandibular joint sounds are significantly more frequent with local anesthesia. In the case group, 85 to 92% of patients have parafunctions and 5 to 11% have malocclusion. This demonstrates the multifactorial etiology of temporomandibular disorders., (© EDP Sciences, SFODF, 2015.)

Background: Due to increasing numbers of adult patients, orthodontists are being confronted more and more with periodontal problems. Coordination amongst orthodontists, periodontists and general dentists is useful in preventing and stopping periodontal disease. The main objectives of this survey were to evaluate the technical knowledge, techniques and attitudes employed by French orthodontists, periodontists and general dentists in adult dental care. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was distributed to French dentists. The questionnaire, consisting of 30 questions, was divided into six sections covering treatment programs and the forensic environment. Results: One thousand one hundred twenty-two complete answers were recorded. Adults undergoing orthodontic treatment represented 19.9% of the orthodontists' patients, but only 2.67% of the general dentists' patients. Communication between clinicians was rated as good, greater than 3 out of 5. Before treatment, orthodontists were less alarmed than generalists regarding bleeding, recessions, increased probing depths, halitosis and hyperplasia. During treatment, orthodontists never or only occasionally performed palpation or probing in 54.2% and 84.6% of cases. Gingivitis and recessions were the main reasons for consultations for 22.0% and 20.1% of general dentists and periodontists after orthodontic treatment. Of the practitioners surveyed, 43% felt that they experienced a setback in the ortho-periodontal treatment. Conclusions: This study revealed discrepancies in the knowledge and attitudes of practitioners. Therapeutic management remains one of the major challenges of multidisciplinary treatments. Continuing education needs to be further developed in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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It has been not uncommon for states that cast envious eyes on the lands of their neighbors to appeal to a higher law in justification of their claims. The idea of "natural frontiers" has at some time or in some way been employed politically by many nation-states and forms an interesting complement to the no less significant idea of "living space." Both ideas are in a sense an appeal to the higher sanction of a "natural law." The idea of "limites naturelles" had gained a wide acceptance in literary and educated circles and that it was of political importance at the time of the French Revolution.