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The article offers information on the ground-based Forier-transformed infrared solar (FTIR) absorption spectroscopy and its effectiveness in collecting data about the ozone columns in Paris, France. It mentions the FTIR's capacity to collect information on different atmospheric elements, particularly the tropospheric ozone columns. The FTIR's measurement derivation from Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) is also discussed.

The “Collège national des enseignants de cancérologie”/French National Academy of Oncology Educators has published module 10 of the French 2nd cycle of medical studies, haematology-oncology, on the website of the “Université médicale virtuelle francophone”/Francophone Virtual Medical School (www.umvf.prd.fr). Currently, the course material consists of handouts, but, as a second step, certain courses will be filmed and students will be able to perform self-assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes a study which applied a new method involving minimized surgical intervention and direct fixation of the Hyrax screw on 10 patients with orthognathic surgery and 10 controls, presented at the 6th International Orthodontic Congress held in Paris, France. Findings suggested that direct fixation of the Hyrax screw at the palatal bone for rapid palatal expansion (RPE) can be used for tooth fixation. Advantaged in pursuing the surgical intervention are cited, including avoidance of root resorption, jiggling, and alveolar bone loss.

Purpose: PSA is known to be lowered in obese patients. There is a lack of data regarding patients with prostate cancer. Our objective was to prospectively assess the relationship PSA concentration, PSA mass and BMI in a cohort of patients with localized prostate cancer., Methods: A prospective, multicenter cohort study was conducted including patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Clinical and biological data were collected for each patient before surgery., Results: A total of 1343 patients were analyzed. Mean age was 64.0 years. Mean weight was 82.2 kg and mean BMI was 26.8 kg/m 2 . Mean PSA concentration was 8.7 ng/mL and mean PSA mass 29.3 ng. On univariate analysis, an association was found between PSA mass and either BMI, weight and waist circumference. No association was found between PSA concentration and each weight parameters. On multivariate analysis, obesity was not an independent predictor of PSA concentration (p = 0.73). Independent predictors of PSA concentration were cardiovascular disease (negative association, p = 0.034), predominant Gleason 4 (positive association, p < 0.001) and pT3a (positive association, p < 0.001). BMI was an independent predictor of PSA mass (positive association, p = 0.009). PSA mass was negatively associated with TT (p = 0.015) and cardiovascular disease (p = 0.003), and positively associated with BT (p = 0.032), Gleason grade ≥ 4 + 3 (p < 0.001) and pT3a (p < 0.001)., Conclusion: In this prospective study of patients with localized prostate cancer, higher BMI was associated with higher PSA mass but not with higher PSA concentration. Screening obese patients with a specific PSA method does not appear to be critical., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature.)

Failure rates after first-line treatment of localized prostate cancer (PCa) treatment remain high. Improvements to patient selection and identification of at-risk patients are central to reducing mortality. We aimed to determine if cancer aggressiveness correlates with androgen levels in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for localized PCa. We performed a prospective, multicenter cohort study between June 2013 and June 2016, involving men with localized PCa scheduled to undergo radical prostatectomy. Clinical and hormonal patient data (testosterone deficiency, defined by total testosterone (TT) levels < 300 ng/dL and/or bioavailable testosterone (BT) levels < 80 ng/dL) were prospectively collected, along with pathological assessment of preoperative biopsy and subsequent radical prostatectomy specimens, using predominant Gleason pattern (prdGP) 3/4 grading. Of 1343 patients analyzed, 912 (68%) had prdGP3 PCa and 431 (32%) had high-grade (prdGP4, i.e., ISUP ≥ 3) disease on prostatectomy specimens. Only moderate concordance in prdGP scores between prostate biopsies and prostatectomy specimens was found. Compared with patients with prdGP3 tumors (i.e., ISUP ≤ 2), significantly more patients with prdGP4 cancers had demonstrable hypogonadism, characterized either by BT levels (17.4% vs. 10.7%, p < 0.001) or TT levels (14.2% vs. 9.7%, p = 0.020). BT levels were also lower in patients with prdGP4 tumors compared to those with prdGP3 disease. Testosterone deficiency (defined by TT and/or BT levels) was independently associated with higher PCa aggressiveness. BT is a predictive factor for prdGP4 disease, and evaluating both TT and BT to define hypogonadism is valuable in preoperative assessment of PCa (AndroCan Trial: NCT02235142).

Objective: To assess preoperative renal tumor biopsy (RTB) accuracy., Materials and Methods: As part of the prospective NEPHRON study, data from 1,237 renal tumors were collected, including the use and results of RTB and final histology following nephrectomy. During the 6 months period of inclusion, 130 preoperative biopsies were performed. We used the kappa coefficient of the McNemar test to determine the concordance between the biopsy and the nephrectomy specimen (NS) regarding four parameters: malignant/benign status, histological subtype, Fuhrman grade and microscopic necrosis., Results: Preoperative biopsies were performed in 9.7 and 11.4 % of the 667 radical and 570 partial nephrectomies, respectively. Tumor biopsy was inconclusive in 7.7 % of the cases. In 117 cases, a comparison between RTB and NS was available. Benign tumors accounted for three (2.6 %) and five (4.3 %) of the RTB and NS, respectively (κ = 0.769, good). With seven (6 %) discordant results in terms of histological subtype characterization between RTB and final pathology, RTB accuracy was considered excellent (κ = 0.882). In 33 cases (31.7 %), Fuhrman grade was underestimated at biopsy resulting in an intermediate concordance level (κ = 0.498). Tumor microscopic necrosis was identified in 12 RTB (10.4 %) versus 33 NS (28.4 %) (κ = 0.357, poor)., Conclusions: RTB provides good to excellent diagnostic performance for discriminating malignancy and tumor histological subtype. However, its performance is intermediate or even poor when considering prognostic criteria like Fuhrman grade or microscopic necrosis. Thus, this possible inaccuracy should be taken into consideration when using RTB for accurate guidance of treatment strategy.

Background: Dystonia and spasticity are common symptoms in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP), whose management is a challenge to overcome in order to enable the harmonized development of motor function during growth., Aim: To describe botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) use and efficacy as a treatment of focal spasticity in CP children in France., Methods: This prospective observational study included 282 CP children mostly administered according to French standards with BTX-A in lower limbs. Realistic therapeutic objectives were set with parents and children together before treatment initiation and assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Child management was recorded and the efficacy of injections was assessed during a 12-month follow-up period by physicians (Modified Ashworth Scale, joint range of motion, Physician Rating Scale, Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire and Gross Motor Function Measure-66) and by patients/parents (Visual Analogue Scale)., Results: BTX-A treatment was administered in different muscle localizations at once and at doses higher than those recommended by the French Health Authorities. Children were treated in parallel by physiotherapy, casts and ortheses. Injections reduced spasticity and improved joint range of motion, gait pattern and movement capacity. Pain was reduced after injections. BTX-A administration was safe: no botulism-like case was reported. The log of injected children who were not included in the study suggested that a large population could benefit from BTX-A management., Conclusions: We showed here the major input of BTX-A injections in the management of spasticity in CP children. The results are in favor of the use of BTX-A as conservative safe and efficient treatment of spasticity in children, which enables functional improvement as well as pain relief., (Copyright © 2011 European Paediatric Neurology Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Cancer is one of the first cause of mortality in industrialised countries. In France, the national mobilisation plan against cancer is one of the five national strategic plans forming part of the 2004 public healthcare law. The 1st Cancer Plan (2003-2007) was thereby established, followed by the 2nd Cancer Plan (2009-2013), which notably includes a specific measure to support patients during and after the disease.

Asexual (thelytokous) females of the parasitoid Venturia canescens, which develop inside another insect, exhibit evolutionarily stable mixtures of life-history strategies, allowing two genetically distinct wasp lines to coexist sympatrically on the same host resources. Since the two asexual lines differ in a virus-like particle protein-coding gene (VLP1), the question is whether the VLP1 gene is genetically associated with the phenotype. The recent isolation of facultative sexual (arrhenotokous) and asexual V. canescens strains from the same location in Southern France has enabled an investigation of the genetic basis for the observed phenotypic differences, by comparing the two asexual lines with the corresponding homozygous VLP1 genotypes in arrhenotokous strains. This analysis showed similar patterns of morphological and functional differences exist in the ovaries of the two asexual VLP1 lines and in the two homozygous VLP1 genotypes from the field, suggesting that the VLP1 gene alteration either causes the ovarian phenotype or is genetically closely linked to the putative gene. However, the VLP1-gene may not be the only gene contributing to the phenotypic effects observed in the asexual lines. Although the two VLP1-alleles segregate with the relative differences in the ovary distribution of eggs, the absolute egg numbers differ in the corresponding asexual and sexual genotypes. This suggests that an additional unlinked gene may be involved in the transfer of eggs from the ovarioles into the oviduct.

Destitute drug addicts have not deliberately chosen to be socially excluded; it's more the consequence of a sanitary and social policy which has given a greater importance to the treatment of addiction than to the drug addict's health. Facing Aids, physicians, with their pragmatic attitude, have reversed this drift. On the streets, the drug addict holds handicaps concurrently; medicinal addiction leads to harder sevrance and substitution. Having access to social rights allows to regain an identity, compulsory for an access to health care; but public hospitals have to make casier both the admission and the stay of patients whose therapeutic observance is dependent on a preliminary substitution. Drug addiction and precarity represent a double social challenge that a democratic society must take up without any segregation.

85 patients with tumors of the upper respiratory/digestive tract were treated during an initial stage by polychemotherapy associating Vincristine, Bleomycin, Methotrexate and Cis-platinum. Administration was either by a systemic route (two cycles at a ten-day interval) or by a combination intra-arterial and intra-venous route (18-day protocol). Complete regression or regression greater than 50% of tumor volume was observed with the combination route in 76.5% of cases versus only 56.5% with use of the systemic route. In contrast, the percentage of lymph node regressions was less than 30%. No serious toxicity was observed and the classical treatment by radiotherapy for curative purposes (51 cases) or by surgery alone or associated with postoperative irradiation (30 cases) was then able to be completed without any complications linked to this initial treatment. The probability of survival, evaluated by the Log Rank Test, was significantly longer for patients who showed a positive response to initial chemotherapy.