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A change in cultural values is partly dependent on economic, science, and technology developments. This article examines how the local cultural values of Italy (15th-18th centuries), France (19th-20th centuries), and the global world cultural values (20th-21st centuries) have left significant imprints on the transformation of traditional values in the visual arts and architecture. Employing Rokeach's theory of human values and Schwartz's theory of basic human values and by using qualitative methods and an ethnographic approach, this research references artworks to argue that these three periods in history represent value changes among different social groups. In Italy, where natural philosophy and science clashed with religion, the bourgeois class determined cultural value transformation via educational institutions. In France, economic and political reforms resulted in new social classes, and the dominance of labor and social democracy led to changes in values. In the global local cultures of the twenty-first century, technologies are playing a vital part in changing local cultures, contributing to changes in geopolitical alignments and leading to local social collective actions due to migration. In the context of globalization, this article explains how global cultural values become part of national values and how cultural transmission establishes global cultural values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Velocipedomania: A Cultural History of the Velocipede in France" by Corry Cropper and Seth Whidden is a book that explores the social impact of the velocipede, a precursor to the modern bicycle, on French society in the late 1860s. The authors highlight how the velocipede became a symbol of modernity, freedom, and Parisian identity, resonating with the social imagination of the time. The book includes translations of writings from the period that capture the meaning and importance attached to the velocipede, shedding light on its cultural significance. The authors also discuss the tensions and paradoxes surrounding the velocipede, including its relationship with carnival season, its portrayal as a marker of exclusivity and democracy, and its impact on the role of women in French society. The book provides insights into the cultural evolution of the late Second Empire and foreshadows the cultural impact of the modern bicycle. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Nouvelles Pratiques Sociales is the property of Revue Nouvelles Pratiques Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista FAMECOS - Mídia, Cultura e Tecnologia is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfances, Familles, Generations is the property of Enfances, Familles, Generations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfances, Familles, Generations is the property of Enfances, Familles, Generations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes the emergence of TV series criticism, a recent journalistic genre in French magazines. It aims to show how dedicated fans have become professional series journalists starting in the early 1990s. The study demonstrates that this new kind of journalism challenges cultural hierarchies by legitimizing TV series as a cultural genre and distinguishing between different types of series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The notion of rupture dominates reflections on the prehistoric occupation of the Massif Central (France). From this perspective, the recent Upper Palaeolithic is interpreted through a prism of migrations or climatic determinism. All studies confirm a marginal occupation of this territory during the LGM and at the beginning of the Late Glacial. More than a historiographical balance, this article reviews the definition of early Magdalenian stages in the Massif Central and attempts to place them in an evolutionary process. This approach leads to the proposal of new diagnostic elements for chrono-cultural determination. Not only is the presence or absence of some typical tool types used, but an attempt is made to recognize whole (or parts of) coherent lithic systems. The aim of this paper is to illustrate this methodology through well-documented examples: data from the sequence of the Abri Durif in Enval (Sol de la Grange and Fond de l''Abri, Vic-le-Comte, Puy-de-Dôme, France) clearly highlights the differences between two subphases. This paper presents the results of the first analyses of these lithic assemblages, focusing on microliths whose particular typo-technological characteristics are analyzed in detail (strong backed bladelets of the Sol de la Grange vs. bladelets with marginal right backing of the Fond de l''Abri). This distinction between two chronological and technological traditions is discussed, substantially changing the classical evolutionary schema between Magdalenian and Badegoulian in this region. Particular chrono-regional episodes can be identified in the huge Magdalenian “mosaic”. Based on radiocarbon data, a new subdivision in the Paleolithic sequence of the French Massif Central (Middle Magdalenian vs. Upper Magdalenian) is proposed, reflecting the emergence of a particular paleohistorical event. Dominated by a relative arrhythmic pattern, this transition seems to reflect a greater span of time, through the successive emergence and development of technical and symbolic attributes that may be considered as representative of cultural identity of Magdalenian societies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A history of France from the fall of the Roman Empire to the French Revolution employed population theories of secular cycles, cultural evolution, and collective learning. It is a Big History project supervised by the founder of the discipline, David Christian, and it is written in collaboration with several theorists from the natural sciences. It uses population-thinking to search for broad trends that might explain historical events, the rise and fall of empires, and technological progress. It maps a trajectory of historical processes from the birth of France to the modern age, and takes the controversial step of attempting to predict where that trajectory may be going in the future. This may be of direct use to those who will face population pressure and environmental crises in the later twenty-first century. It challenges many prejudices the historical discipline currently holds against collaboration between the human and natural sciences, and encourages specialists to place their work in a wider context. The history itself is chronological, and follows the periods of rise and decline in France, and explains various phenomena in human development for which there is currently no clear explanation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Sociology / Sosyoloji Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Universitesi Edebiyat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores the ways in which the passage of the Tour de France bicycle race through France produces a distinctive cultural cartography or social map of France. Drawing on Lefebvre's (1991) conceptual triad of spatial practice, representations of space and representational spaces, the paper argues that the Tour de France both represents and is a space that is annually reordered and structured by very particular cultural practices. Through an analysis of the process (and politics) of route selection, the incorporation of iconic landscape and the transformation of civic space as the race moves across the country, the paper foregrounds the socially constructed nature of map making and the role of human intervention in producing and reproducing key cultural cartographies of France through the Tour de France. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Papeles de Europa is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Pesquisa is the property of Fundacao Carlos Chagas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lamarck's perspective on change within the organic world, in particular his conception of "la marche de la nature," ('transformism', 'evolution'), crystallized during the last decade of the 18th century and the early years of the 19th. I argue that it should be viewed as resulting in part from interactions with, and transfers from, the social thought--modes of thinking, ways of conceptualizing, models, metaphors and analogies--of the decades before the French revolution and of the revolutionary decade itself. Moreover, Lamarck's involvement with the new institutional frameworks initiated during the revolutionary period had brought him into direct contacts with the then prevalent modes of discourse on things social. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on studies regarding to religious history taking into consideration the cultural evolution in Europe. Data related to the subject inform that these studies started as ecclesiastic history, based on documents written during the Early Middle Ages. The author mentions that though the subject used to be apologetic in nature and studied under non-scientific criteria, the political, social, cultural and scientific discoveries and events influenced the approach given to the theme. Facts like the II World War, the Holocaust, the Communist Revolution, the end of colonial powers and the establishment of multicultural societies are also mentioned as influential factors.

The article focuses on the evolution of the society of Corsica, France, from an institutional and cultural standpoint, through the "riacquistu," meaning reacquisition, of its identity and history, language, artistic and cultural expressions. The article revolves around three periods: the "awakening" of the years 1972-1982, the following years representing new institutions and cultural expression, and the disillusionment of the years 2000.

Two modes of consciousness influence the current identities of Strasburgers. During the period when a French and then a German nation-state impinged on this frontier region of Alsace, there existed a binationalism. That is, the Strasburgers, whose “Double Culture” identity partakes of both Germanic and French strains, mostly remained where they were while different official and nationally-exclusive cultures, either from Paris or Berlin, washed over them. Since 1945, however, “The Construction of Europe” seems largely to have laid to rest Franco-German rivalry over Strasbourg, and the Strasburgers' old binationalism is fading. At the same time, since 1945 but especially since 1962, the closing of the French colonial era has seen the settling in of large numbers of persons of color, followed by a considerable influx of Turkish citizens. Strasbourg now has, as do other major French cities, a significant “visible minority” population of people who draw their identities both from their Frenchness and from their lands of provenance. Thereby a whole set of novel Double Cultures is being engendered, in which Islam can be a high-profile component. With the shift from the earlier binationalism toward the newer transnationalism, a complex cultural uncertainty is making it difficult for Strasburgers to decide just what comprises their identity now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the life condition of rich peasants during the Old French era as presented by various literary pieces. According to the article, they are the new figures that emerged in the social landscape of thirteenth-century France. In addition, among the French literary pieces that present the incoherencies and contradictions about the life of the peasants include "Le Vilain Mire," " Boivin de Provins," and Constant Du Hamel." Furthermore, it relates that four conditions were proven to have been an important influence to the life of these people in Europe, which include the efficient deployment of currency, technological advancements and market growth.

How and under what conditions of political and cultural transformation does long-run majority–minority communal conflict come to an end? What is the role of change in identity, power relations and constructions of community? This article looks at three cases of religious and ethno-religious conflict: Catholic–Protestant relations in France, the Republic of Ireland and the island of Ireland. It employs a systemic theory of communal conflict and a path dependence model of persistence over time. It argues that an end to conflict depends on undoing structural and cultural lock-in, and identifies the way in which this has—or has not—happened in each case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an essay that is part of a much larger study in comparative historical sociology addressing the question of the emergence and initial development of the related phenomena that may be subsumed under the term `nationalism': national identity, national consciousness--nations. Focuses on the five societies that were among the very first to define themselves as nations--England, the US, France, Germany, and Russia; Social bases of national identity.

In comparing parliamentary institutions, we must avoid the assumption that they were the natural adversaries of monarchy, or that the English Parliament had distinctive status or privilege in the sixteenth century. In England, France, and Spain, monarchies required money on a scale that parliaments found incomprehensible. These needs dashed with the priorities of assemblies. The assemblies did not try to increase their power at royal expense, but tried rather to avoid making commitments that were inconsistent with their priorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Française de Sociologie is the property of Presses de Sciences Po and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Insect societies vary greatly in social organization, yet the relative roles of ecological and genetic factors in driving this variation remain poorly understood. Identifying how social structure varies along environmental gradients can provide insights into the ecological conditions favouring alternative social organizations. Here, we investigate how queen number variation is distributed along elevation gradients within a socially polymorphic ant, the Alpine silver ant Formica selysi. We sampled low- and high-elevation populations in multiple Alpine valleys. We show that populations belonging to different drainage basins are genetically differentiated. In contrast, there is little genetic divergence between low- and high-elevation populations within the same drainage basin. Thus, elevation gradients in each of the drainage basins represent independent contrasts. Whatever the elevation, all well-sampled populations are socially polymorphic, containing both monogynous (= one queen) and polygynous (= multiple queen) colonies. However, the proportion of monogynous colonies per population increases at higher elevation, while the effective number of queens in polygynous colonies decreases, and this pattern is replicated in each drainage basin. The increased prevalence of colonies with a single queen at high elevation is correlated with summer and winter average temperature, but not with precipitation. The colder, unpredictable and patchy environment encountered at higher elevations may favour larger queens with the ability to disperse and establish incipient monogynous colonies independently, while the stable and continuous habitat in the lowlands may favour large, fast-growing polygynous colonies. By highlighting differences in the environmental conditions favouring monogynous or polygynous colonies, this study sheds light on the ecological factors influencing the distribution and maintenance of social polymorphism., (© 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)