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In 1990, there were approximately 60 female general practitioners in the Maine-et-Loire region, 58 of which participated in the survey that year. By the year 2000, the number had risen to 137. A new study was conducted involving 70 women who had opened practices over that decade. Analyses of the responses to the questionnaire and a comparison with the results of the previous survey demonstrate distinct changes and a real evolution in the working conditions of this new generation of female general practitioners and in their relationships with their colleagues and families. More involved in their work and professional lives, they are now more accepted by other physicians and enjoy real family support. They are fulfilled and appear to succeed fully in all of their roles--those of physician, mother and wife. More active participation in social and political life would enable these professionals to achieve greater self-fulfillment and satisfaction; it is perhaps still too early to comprehend the true specificity, if any, of the private general practice of medicine by women. A new survey is planned to be conducted in ten years.