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Purpose: Increased core (brain or body) temperature that accompanies exercise has been posited to play an influential role in affective responses to exercise. However, findings in support of this hypothesis have been equivocal, and most of the performed studies have been done in relation to anxiety. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of tympanic temperature on basic affect (i.e., pleasure-displeasure) in the course of a high-intensity exercise session. Method: One hundred seventy students performed a 10-min cycling exercise at an intensity of 80% to 85% of maximal heart rate. Heart rate, tympanic temperature, and self-reported pleasure (using the Feeling Scale [FS]) were measured twice during exercise at the end of the first minute (Min 1:00) and beginning of the last minute (Min 9:00). Results: Small increases in tympanic temperature were noted from Min 1:00 to Min 9:00 (mean change value = +0.2°C). Meanwhile, the FS scores changed in the opposite direction (mean change value = -0.2 units). However, changes in temperature only poorly predicted changes in pleasure-displeasure (R[superscript 2] = 0.05 for the linear regression, R[superscript 2] = 0.08 for the curvilinear regression). Conclusions: Slight elevated tympanic temperature occurred during the 10-min cycling exercise, but it had a negligible effect on changes in pleasure ratings. The possibility that tympanic temperature is not a valid indicator of core temperature during exercise is discussed.

A new sample stage for characterizing radioactive materials by X‐ray powder diffraction was developed at the ATALANTE facility (CEA Marcoule, France) using a conventional (non‐nuclearized) Bruker D8 goniometer mounted in Bragg–Brentano geometry. The setup consists of a removable, fully hermetic sample stage, with a 200 µm‐thick beryllium window, that can be plugged onto a glove‐box, allowing the sample to be introduced in an hermetic medium that also encapsulates the glove‐box atmosphere throughout the analysis process. The whole setup is thus hermetically unplugged from the glove‐box and positioned on the centre of the goniometer. No preliminary decontamination and/or decontainment of the sample is necessary. The device was developed to avoid an expensive and time‐consuming nuclearization of the diffractometer while also keeping it easily accessible for maintenance. Ultimately, keeping the diffractometer out of a glove‐box also limits the volume of the final nuclear wastes, and thus the removable sample stage is the only 'active' part. X‐ray diffraction results of two NIST standards LaB6 and α‐Al2O3 as well as five actinide dioxides ThO2, UO2, NpO2, PuO2 and AmO2 are presented to show the efficiency of the setup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper provides the sedimentological, palaeontological and biostratigraphical characteristics of a newly discovered lignite-bearing sedimentary succession in western France. The lignitic bed, which is reminiscent of some Wealden facies in southern England, is located in Angeac in the Charentes region. The plant remains occur as three-dimensionally preserved mesofossils (cuticles, charred ferns and seeds, cones and twigs) and larger pieces of wood. The deposits contain variable amounts of such material and at one horizon in particular, an outstanding accumulation of dinosaur teeth and bones. Among the vertebrate remains are the longest sauropod femur (ca. 220cm) yet found and bones representing an ornithomimosaur herd of at least eight individuals. The palynomorph content of the clay associated with the bones and lignitic material indicates a Hauterivian–Barremian age. The abundance in the fossil assemblage of freshwater unionoid bivalves, some preserved in life position, the presence of freshwater algae, and the scarcity of brackish or marine species indicate that the depositional environment was a swamp only very occasionally connected to the sea. The forest bordering the swamp was dominated by cheirolepidiaceous trees co-occurring with a diverse assemblage of ferns. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper focuses on the institutional mode of academic knowledge production in Cambodia since the beginning of the colonial period. It addresses the importance of French official orientalism represented by the Ecole Française d'Extrême-Orient and its role in constructing a reified narrative of the nation state of Cambodia centred on the Angkorian "golden age" while orientating intellectual "modernization" through the renovation of Buddhism. This top-down approach was pursued by the successive post-independence regimes — to the exclusion of the Khmer Rouge who systematically destroyed Cambodia's intellectual and cultural life. In contradiction with state initiatives, a few researchers — mostly French and Cambodians — chose to orientate their research toward ethnographically relevant subjects, taking Cambodian society as principal agent of cultural and historical meaning. This trend, referred to as "Khmer studies", found its programmatic autonomy among exiled Cambodian intellectuals in the 1980s, paving the way for grass-root initiatives developed in Cambodia in the wake of its reopening in the 1990s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new sample stage for characterizing radioactive materials by X‐ray powder diffraction was developed at the ATALANTE facility (CEA Marcoule, France) using a conventional (non‐nuclearized) Bruker D8 goniometer mounted in Bragg–Brentano geometry. The setup consists of a removable, fully hermetic sample stage, with a 200 µm‐thick beryllium window, that can be plugged onto a glove‐box, allowing the sample to be introduced in an hermetic medium that also encapsulates the glove‐box atmosphere throughout the analysis process. The whole setup is thus hermetically unplugged from the glove‐box and positioned on the centre of the goniometer. No preliminary decontamination and/or decontainment of the sample is necessary. The device was developed to avoid an expensive and time‐consuming nuclearization of the diffractometer while also keeping it easily accessible for maintenance. Ultimately, keeping the diffractometer out of a glove‐box also limits the volume of the final nuclear wastes, and thus the removable sample stage is the only 'active' part. X‐ray diffraction results of two NIST standards LaB6 and α‐Al2O3 as well as five actinide dioxides ThO2, UO2, NpO2, PuO2 and AmO2 are presented to show the efficiency of the setup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: To propose French recommendations for the clinical, biological and radiological diagnosis of peripheral psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in daily practice based on data from the literature and expert opinion. Method: The strategy was the following: the choice of four questions, concerning this topic by the scientific committee according to the Delphi method, forming the basis of the recommendations. The Systematic literature research based on Medline, Cochrane and abstracts from the annual meetings of the French society of rheumatology (SFR), American college of rheumatology (ACR) and European ligue against rheumatism (EULAR). An experts committee of rheumatologists elaborated, validated specifying the strength and the degree of agreement of each recommendation. Results: The questions selected were: (1) What clinical data should be collected to assist in the diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis? (2) What laboratory tests, immunological tests, and genetic tests should be performed to assist in the diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis? (3) What are the radiological investigations useful in the diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis? (4) What classification and/or diagnosis criteria can assist in the diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis? A literature search identified 1627 abstracts and 33 articles were included and analyzed. Four recommendations relative to the diagnosis were drafted and validated by a final vote of the experts committee. Conclusion: Recommendations concerning the diagnosis of PsA for daily practice were developed and validated on the basis of data from the literature and expert opinion. They should help to establish the diagnosis of PsA in daily practice. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Numerous factors have been associated with alcohol drinking among college students. Typically, the psychological trait of sensation seeking, has been found to be correlated with alcohol consumption in various populations. Nevertheless, there is a pressing need for more observational and ecological studies of college drinking behavior in unusual and incentive situations. The present study examined the relationship between sensation seeking and blood–alcohol concentration at the end of an “open bar” party in a sample of college students. Our results support the relationship between disinhibition and blood–alcohol concentration among women. In men however, experience seeking was found to be of equal significance than disinhibition. As the sensation seeking ratings were especially high for both sexes as compared to the population norms, the possibility that open bar participants share a specific profile of personality is discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Using recent samplings and specimens from ancient collections, 14 sites and five species of stalked crinoids have been listed in the Miocene of the southern Rhodanian basin (southeastern France). Three species and two genera are new for science: Papacrinus avignonensis n. gen., n sp. (Balanocrininae), Paraconocrinus rhodanicus n. sp. (Rhizocrinidae) and Gastecrinus vinealis n. gen., n. sp. (Incertae sedis). The identification among the Mediterranean Miocene fauna of the genus Metacrinus, now confined to the Indo-Pacific province, was confirmed by the discovery of brachial ossicles attributed to Metacrinus berthei. The richest and most diversified site was exposed during temporal excavations at the Place du Palais des Papes in Avignon. Four out of the five stalked crinoid species were found in this fossil assemblage in which M. berthei predominates. ?Endoxocrinus gastaldii is associated with M. berthei in several sites. Using dissociated ossicles, differences in quantitative and qualitative characters between these two species are deeply analyzed with their taphonomical, taxonomical and paleoecological consequences. Paleoreliefs and valleys, which had been incised during the Burdigalian, channeled currents. They favored stalked crinoid settlement on various substrates during the late BurdigalianLower Langhian transgression. Comparison with the extant fauna allows us to estimate the depth range of the biotopes with stalked crinoids from 100 to 250 m. These estimates are in agreement with those deduced from other paleontological studies.

The Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (SLSJ) region located in the province of Quebec was settled in the 19th century by pioneers issued from successive migration waves starting in France in the 17th century and continuing within Quebec until the beginning of the 20th century. The genetic structure of the SLSJ population is considered to be the product of a triple founder effect and is characterised by a higher prevalence of some rare genetic diseases. Several studies were performed to elucidate the historical, demographic and genetic background of current SLSJ inhabitants to assess the origins of these rare disorders and their distribution in the population. Thanks to the development of new sequencing technologies, the genes and the variants responsible for the most prevalent conditions were identified. Combined with other resources such as the BALSAC population database, identifying the causal genes and the pathogenic variants allowed to assess the impacts of some of these founder mutations on the population health and to design precision medicine public health strategies based on carrier testing. Furthermore, it stimulated the establishment of many public programmes.We report here a review and an update of a subset of inherited disorders and founder mutations in the SLSJ region. Data were collected from published scientific sources. This work expands the knowledge about the current frequencies of these rare disorders, the frequencies of other rare genetic diseases in this population, the relevance of the carrier tests offered to the population, as well as the current available treatments and research about future therapeutic avenues for these inherited disorders., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Background: NETSARC (netsarc.org) is a network of 26 sarcoma reference centers with specialized multidisciplinary tumor boards (MDTB) aiming to improve the outcome of sarcoma patients. Since 2010, presentation to an MDTB and expert pathological review are mandatory for sarcoma patients nationwide. In the present work, the impact of surgery in a reference center on the survival of sarcoma patients investigated using this national NETSARC registry., Patients and Methods: Patients' characteristics and follow-up are prospectively collected and data monitored. Descriptive, uni- and multivariate analysis of prognostic factors were conducted in the entire series (N = 35 784) and in the subgroup of incident patient population (N = 29 497)., Results: Among the 35 784 patients, 155 different histological subtypes were reported. 4310 (11.6%) patients were metastatic at diagnosis. Previous cancer, previous radiotherapy, neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), and Li-Fraumeni syndrome were reported in 12.5%, 3.6%, 0.7%, and 0.1% of patients respectively. Among the 29 497 incident patients, 25 851 (87.6%) patients had surgical removal of the sarcoma, including 9949 (33.7%) operated in a NETSARC center. Location, grade, age, size, depth, histotypes, gender, NF1, and surgery outside a NETSARC center all correlated to overall survival (OS), local relapse free survival (LRFS), and event-free survival (EFS) in the incident patient population. NF1 history was one of the strongest adverse prognostic factors for LRFS, EFS, and OS. Presentation to an MDTB was associated with an improved LRFS and EFS, but was an adverse prognostic factor for OS if surgery was not carried out in a reference center. In multivariate analysis, surgery in a NETSARC center was positively correlated with LRFS, EFS, and OS [P < 0.001 for all, with a hazard ratio of 0.681 (95% CI 0.618-0.749) for OS]., Conclusion: This nationwide registry of sarcoma patients shows that surgical treatment in a reference center reduces the risk of relapse and death., (© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society for Medical Oncology.)

Introduction: The study was aimed at assessing changes in respiratory function after 10 years of professional diving., Material and Methods: A retrospective study was performed on divers who underwent an initial visit and a visit 10 years later at the same medical center. Pulmonary function tests were performed in the same laboratory with the same operating standards and using a Jaeger MasterBody plethysmograph. Each subject acted as his own control. The data were analyzed by Student's t-test and Spearman's correlation coefficient., Results: Thirty-three divers were included. Changes over 10 years included: decreases in the forced expiratory flow rates at 75% (-0.65 liters/second) (p < 0.01) and at 50% (-0.51 L/s) (p < 0.01) of forced vital capacity; significant decrease of the FEV1/FVC ratio (-3.4) (< 0.01); significant increases in total lung capacity (+0.32 L) (p = 0.03). The lung transfer factor for carbon monoxide (TL(CO)) had decreased significantly (-1.16 mmol/minute/kPa) (p = 0.02). The amount of smoking was significantly correlated with changes in slow vital capacity (R = 0.89; (p < 0.01). Changes in the FEV1/ FVC ratio were correlated with the mean duration of the dives (R = -0.59; (p < 0.01) and with the number of dives during the 10 years (R = -0.42; p = 0.04)., Conclusion: With increasing length of diving activities service, the pulmonary function displays a trend toward both a decrease in TL(CO) and a bronchial obstruction, extending to bronchi of increasing size.

Pneumocystis jirovecii dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) mutations have been associated with failure of sulfa prophylaxis; their effect on the outcome of patients with P. jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) remains controversial. P. jirovecii DHPS polymorphisms and genotypes were identified in 112 cases of PCP in 110 HIV-infected patients by using PCR single-strand conformation polymorphism. Of the 110 patients observed, 21 died; 18 of those deaths were attributed to PCP. Thirty-three percent of the PCP cases involved a P. jirovecii strain that had 1 or both DHPS mutations. The presence or absence of DHPS mutations had no effect on the PCP mortality rate within 1 month, whereas P.jirovecii type 7 and mechanical ventilation at PCP diagnosis were associated with an increased risk of death caused by PCP. Mechanical ventilation at PCP diagnosis was also associated with an increased risk of sulfa treatment failure at 5 days.

Retrieving a large amount of genetic information from extinct species was demonstrated feasible, but complete mitochondrial genome sequences have only been deciphered for the moa, a bird that became extinct a few hundred years ago, and for Pleistocene species, such as the woolly mammoth and the mastodon, both of which could be studied from animals embedded in permafrost. To enlarge the diversity of mitochondrial genomes available for Pleistocene species, we turned to the cave bear (Ursus spelaeus), whose only remains consist of skeletal elements. We collected bone samples from the Paleolithic painted cave of Chauvet-Pont d'Arc (France), which displays the earliest known human drawings, and contains thousands of bear remains. We selected a cave bear sternebra, radiocarbon dated to 32,000 years before present, from which we generated overlapping DNA fragments assembling into a 16,810-base pair mitochondrial genome. Together with the first mitochondrial genome for the brown bear western lineage, this study provides a statistically secured molecular phylogeny assessing the cave bear as a sister taxon to the brown bear and polar bear clade, with a divergence inferred to 1.6 million years ago. With the first mitochondrial genome for a Pleistocene carnivore to be delivered, our study establishes the Chauvet-Pont d'Arc Cave as a new reservoir for Paleogenetic studies. These molecular data enable establishing the chronology of bear speciation, and provide a helpful resource to rescue for genetic analysis archeological samples initially diagnosed as devoid of amplifiable DNA.

Ten Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) cases were diagnosed in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) during a 3-year period. Nosocomial transmission from HIV-positive patients with PCP was suspected because these patients shared the same hospital building, were not isolated, and were receiving suboptimal anti-PCP prophylaxis or none. P. jirovecii organisms were typed with the multitarget polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism method. Among the 45 patients with PCP hospitalized during the 3-year period, 8 RTRs and 6 HIV-infected patients may have encountered at least 1 patient with active PCP within the 3 months before the diagnosis of their own PCP episode. In six instances (five RTRs, one HIV-infected patient), the patients harbored the same P. jirovecii molecular type as that found in the encountered PCP patients. The data suggest that part of the PCP cases observed in this building, particularly those observed in RTRs, were related to nosocomial interhuman transmission.

The appearance of cyanobacteria ( > 10 colony per ml) was not prevented after alum treatment. In order to prevent cyanobacteria efflorescences in a small shallow polymictic lake (Courtille, France), copper sulfate was applied. Treatment level was 63 microg 1(-1) as Cu2+ from CUSO4, 5 H2O. Cyanobacteria were kept under control during the summer. Microcystis sp. completely disappeared, which allowed swimming in the lake throughout the tourist season. Microcystis only reappeared 2 months after the treatment. Copper content in the water column only returned to its background level 2 months after copper addition. This high residence time of copper in the water might have been caused by complexation and adsorption of copper on natural organic matter, whose level was high in the ecosystem studied. A mechanism of transfer of 'truly' dissolved copper towards particulate copper has been underlined and explains the disappearance of this fraction of copper in the water column.