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Objective: Psychotic phenomena can occur in non-clinical subjects. The goals of this study were to assess the prevalence of delusions, hallucinations and minor 'psychotic' phenomena (visual illusions, feeling of presence and passage hallucinations) and to describe the characteristics of the latter in a non-clinical older population.Methods: Three hundred and thirteen individuals aged 60 years and older, without cognitive deficits (according to mini-mental state examination scores) or patent psychotic disease, answered a structured questionnaire focusing on delusions, hallucinations and minor phenomena that they had experienced in the previous month. The study sample was stratified by age and gender according to French demographic characteristics.Results: Twenty per cent of participants reported one or more psychotic phenomena. These subjects did not differ from those without psychotic symptoms as regards their age, mini-mental state examination scores or education. Minor phenomena were the most common (13%). Hallucinations, in any sensory modality, occurred in 9% of participants. No verbal auditory hallucinations or delusions were reported. The prevalence of minor phenomena increased with age and was associated with the use of psychoactive drugs.Conclusion: By extending the spectrum of psychotic symptoms to minor phenomena, we found that psychotic symptoms were common in a non-clinical older population. Whether the increasing prevalence of minor phenomena with age is due to prodromal neurodegenerative disease or to other factors remains to be investigated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To use anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) to analyze the in vivo architecture of clear corneal incisions after phacoemulsification using different techniques. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, Paris, France. Methods: This prospective observational study analyzed clear corneal incisions used in phacoemulsification. All wounds were evaluated 1 day and 8 days postoperatively by AS-OCT (Visante). Incision architecture and pachymetry at the wound level were analyzed. Results: Thirty-five clear corneal incisions were analyzed. Six eyes had 2.75 mm coaxial phacoemulsification, 19 had 2.20 mm microincision coaxial phacoemulsification, and 10 had 1.30 mm bimanual microincision phacoemulsification. The 1.30 mm incision had a straight-line configuration. The 2.20 mm and 2.75 mm incisions had an arcuate configuration. The angles of incidence of 1.30 mm incisions were greater than those of 2.20 mm incisions (P<.001). All incisions had slight corneal edema limited to the incision area. The edema was slightly greater around 1.30 mm incisions (mean pachymetry 1143 μm ± 140 [SD]) than around 2.20 mm incisions (mean 1012 ± 101 μm) (P = .001). Bimanual procedures had satisfactory endothelial apposition in the enlarged areas, where stromal edema was less than that surrounding the unenlarged 1.30 mm incisions. Conclusions: The 3 phacoemulsification techniques induced gaping of the endothelial edge, minor inadequate endothelial apposition, and mild stromal edema in the area of the clear corneal incisions. Bimanual microincision sleeveless phacoemulsification may alter the wound slightly more than coaxial 2.75 mm and microcoaxial 2.20 mm sleeved-tip phacoemulsification. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The two coefficients of the von Bertalanffy growth model [maximal standard length ( LS∞) and initial growth rate ( a)] were determined in eastern mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki in the most northern area where it is established (Rennes, Brittany, France). The estimated mean LS∞ was 57·7 and 25·0 mm in females and males, respectively. The value of a was identical for both males and females before the males diverged from the females by slowing down their growth, probably because of the onset of puberty. The sexual competition reported in males would be responsible for higher interindividual variability of LS∞ in males than in females. a was positively correlated with water temperature and could be modulated by fish density and length at birth. Moreover, interindividual variability of a was influenced in a complex way by interactions between water temperature, length at birth and fish density. When compared to the data from studies in G. holbrooki inhabiting their native range or the southern introduced range, the present results suggest that the thermal tolerance domain for growth was altered and that males exhibited a shorter length at sexual maturity and a shorter LS∞ in the population established in Rennes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

in contrast with studies focused on the "delinquency" aspects of juvenile gangs., this article is based on the assumption that juvenile gangs are a normal phenomenon and that they have a particular historical significance. Juvenile subcultures, far from being pathological, re-establish a kind of cultural diversity in a world threatened with uniformization. This diversity is organized among Parisian juvenile gangs in a number of variants, both opposed and complementary to each other, which define their crucial relations with their environment, the society at large, their common past and uncertain future, and their mutual relationships. The evolution of Parisian. juvenile gangs shows that their current diversity must be related to their past common style when, in 1956, they were influenced by certain American movies. Torn between integrating tendencies, both positive (official teenage culture) and negative (officially defined juvenile delinquency), and tendencies to disintegration, gangs maintain their identity mainly by strengthening, through ideology and/or behavior, the conflicts which oppose them to the legitimations of normative society. This observation and others make it possible to reformulate the classic oppositions between subculture and social structure, individual and group, etc. The methodology here proposed suggests that, behind the arbitrary appearance of subcultural varieties, a logic operates which organizes their mutual relationships and explains their meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts of marketing. They include "Institutionalizing Innovation: Key Activities for Market Leadership," "Pan-European Retail Business," "The View From France: Lyonnaise des Eaux," "Culture and Consumer Behavior," "Developing Marketing Expert Systems," and "Universal Product Codes."