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The article reviews a Cannes film festival held in Cannes, France in 2019 that featured France's well-oiled and state-directed cinema industry.

The article provides the author's insights on the works of several film directors in the 2009 Cannes Film Festival in Cannes, France which prove that film has retained its status as the global form of art. It says that the films featured in the festival suggest that they are the center to understanding oneself and the world. Among the films included in the festival are "Les Herbes folles" (Wild Grass) by Alain Resnais, "Fish Tank," by Andrea Arnold, and "The White Ribbon," by Michael Haneke.

The article presents a review of the 2007 Cannes international film festival, held in Cannes, France, featuring the films "Une Vieille maitresse," "Les Chansons d'amour," and "4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days."

Comments on films in the 2005 Cannes film festival in France. "Star Wars: Episode III: Revenge of the Sith," starring Natalie Portman, Samuel L. Jackson and Ewan McGregor; "The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada,"directed by Tommy Lee Jones; "Cache," directed by Michael Haneke.

The article discusses the significance of the 2002 election performance of French presidential candidate Jean-Marie Le Pen. Topics include racism and the conditions of immigrants in France, opposition to European integration in France, and the experience of bureaucracy by Europeans in relation to the European Union (EU).

Background: While adult outcome in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is generally measured using socially valued roles, it could also be understood in terms of aspects related to health status – an approach that could inform on potential gender differences. Methods: We investigated gender differences in two aspects of outcome related to health-status, i.e. general functioning and self-perceived health status, and co-occurring health conditions in a large multi-center sample of autistic adults. Three hundred and eighty-three participants were consecutively recruited from the FondaMental Advanced Centers of Expertise for ASD cohort (a French network of seven expert centers) between 2013 and 2020. Evaluation included a medical interview, standardized scales for autism diagnosis, clinical and functional outcomes, self-perceived health status and verbal ability. Psychosocial function was measured using the Global Assessment of Functioning scale. Results: While autistic women in this study were more likely than men to have socially valued roles, female gender was associated with poorer physical and mental health (e.g. a 7-fold risk for having three or more co-occurring physical health conditions) and a poorer self-perceived health status. Psychosocial function was negatively associated with depression and impairment in social communication. Half of the sample had multiple co-occurring health conditions but more than 70% reported that their visit at the Expert Center was their first contact with mental health services. Conclusions: To improve objective and subjective aspects of health outcome, gender differences and a wide range of co-occurring health conditions should be taken into account when designing healthcare provision for autistic adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims. Despite recommendations to initiate clozapine after two unsuccessful trials of antipsychotics, clozapine is underprescribed and initiated too late. The aim of this study was to describe different antipsychotic treatment sequences in the 36 months before the initiation of clozapine and to characterize clusters of treatment trajectories. Methods. Using the French National Health Insurance database, a historical cohort study of the population in an area in western France was performed. The data from all new users of clozapine with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in the period of 2017-2018 were evaluated. All outpatient reimbursements for antipsychotics during the 36 months before clozapine initiation were analysed. Successive reimbursements for identical treatments were grouped into treatment trials (TTs), and different trajectories were clustered using a state sequence analysis. Results. The results showed 1191 TTs for 287 individuals. The mean number of TTs per individual was 3.2. Risperidone, aripiprazole and haloperidol were the main treatments delivered. The frequencies of antipsychotics used differed between monotherapies and combination therapies. A three-cluster typology was identified: one cluster (n = 133) of 'less treated' younger individuals with fewer TTs and shorter TT durations; a second cluster (n = 53) of 'more treated' individuals with higher numbers of TTs and combinations of antipsychotics; and a third cluster (n = 103) of 'treatment-stable' older individuals with longer TT durations. Conclusions. The results indicate that the median number of TTs during the 36 months before clozapine prescription was higher than the two recommended. The different trajectories were associated with individual characteristics and treatment differences, suggesting that additional studies of clinical parameters are needed to understand barriers to clozapine prescription. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contributes to scholarship on small-gauge and home cinema by situating the advent of the Pathé Baby within interwar French politics and society. Through close analysis of period advertising, it argues that Pathé mobilized pronatalist and imperialist discourses to make 9.5mm home projection and filmmaking attractive to white, middle-class, metropolitan consumers, presenting home cinema as means of encountering the French Empire on the one hand and of promoting the so-called French race on the other. In drawing such connections, the study also seeks to enrich the growing body of scholarship on the entanglement of domestic cinema, gender, empire, and race. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the representation of feminism in the French motion picture 'Jeanne Dielman, 23 Quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles' by Chantal Akerman. Depiction of the dual nature of reflection and production; Shifts in modes of storytelling; Use of non-hierarchical narrative structures and film discourse; Description of the character of Jeanne Dielman.

Patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) represent a vulnerable population who have been understudied in COVID-19 research. We aimed to establish whether health outcomes and care differed between patients with SCZ and patients without a diagnosis of severe mental illness. We conducted a population-based cohort study of all patients with identified COVID-19 and respiratory symptoms who were hospitalized in France between February and June 2020. Cases were patients who had a diagnosis of SCZ. Controls were patients who did not have a diagnosis of severe mental illness. The outcomes were in-hospital mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. A total of 50 750 patients were included, of whom 823 were SCZ patients (1.6%). The SCZ patients had an increased in-hospital mortality (25.6% vs 21.7%; adjusted OR 1.30 [95% CI, 1.08–1.56], P =.0093) and a decreased ICU admission rate (23.7% vs 28.4%; adjusted OR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.62–0.91], P =.0062) compared with controls. Significant interactions between SCZ and age for mortality and ICU admission were observed (P =.0006 and P <.0001). SCZ patients between 65 and 80 years had a significantly higher risk of death than controls of the same age (+7.89%). SCZ patients younger than 55 years had more ICU admissions (+13.93%) and SCZ patients between 65 and 80 years and older than 80 years had less ICU admissions than controls of the same age (−15.44% and −5.93%, respectively). Our findings report the existence of disparities in health and health care between SCZ patients and patients without a diagnosis of severe mental illness. These disparities differed according to the age and clinical profile of SCZ patients, suggesting the importance of personalized COVID-19 clinical management and health care strategies before, during, and after hospitalization for reducing health disparities in this vulnerable population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcohol use disorders (AUD) is a major public health concern. General practitioners (GP) must play a key role in identifying this disorder and offering appropriate interventions. The authors conducted a survey among French GP in the Provence - Alpes - Côte-d'Azur (PACA) region to better understand their practices regarding AUD. Random sampling was used to enrol 101 GP in a 15-minute survey. A Computer-Assisted Telephone Interview exploring demographic and professional characteristics was conducted using a questionnaire. One third (31.7%) of the participants systematically addressed alcohol use with their patients whereas six (5.9%) never addressed it. Logistic regression analyses showed that after adjustment for the number of AUD patients followed up (odds ratio [OR] = 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.19, 3.08]) and GP interest in addiction medicine (5.41 [2.17, 13.40]), GP who systematically screened patients for AUD were more likely to accept controlled drinking as a therapeutic goal (5.41 [2.17, 13.33]), and to perceive patient denial of AUD as a major barrier to care (1.39 [0.60, 3.22]). GP providing care for AUD were more likely to monitor tobacco cessation (9.08 [2.60, 31.64]) and to prescribe opioid maintenance treatment (7.35 [2.52, 21.41]). Alcohol screening is insufficient in general practice in France. Providing updated guidelines is essential to foster experience in this field among GP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the relationship between widescreen and the New Wave. The new CinemaScope format arrived in France as the Cahiers du cinéma critics were elaborating the theoretical basis of what would become New Wave filmmaking. Many of the Cahiers critics (Bazin, Truffaut, Rohmer, Rivette) identified widescreen with the cinema of the future, suggesting that the New Wave would be widescreen. In fact, CinemaScope proved to be a relatively short-lived format and few New Wave directors employed it. In technological terms, the New Wave is much more closely identified with the lightweight equipment of location shooting. Nonetheless, the debates around the introduction of widescreen and the subsequent use of the scope format by Truffaut and Godard illuminate some of the crucial tensions within the New Wave and the culture of film criticism and cinephilia from which it developed. The arguments advanced in favour of widescreen in the mid 1950s were often contradictory and at cross-purposes, as were the filmmaking practices of Truffaut and Godard. Ultimately, the New Wave turned out not to be widescreen but the format nonetheless operated as a space offering a provisional resolution for some of the movement’s key contradictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that Jean-Luc Godard’s seminal 1967 film, La Chinoise, has been over-read as prescient of les événements of May ’68 and not taken seriously enough as a far-reaching interrogation of the political limits of revolutionary violence and terrorism. By examining in close detail the film’s explosive, anti-realist style and ironizing textual strategies, focusing in particular on the set-piece train sequence with philosopher Francis Jeanson, I claim that Godard is both attacking the state terrorism of de Gaulle’s Fifth Republic and firing a warning to the new generation of student agitators that the path of revolutionary terrorism entails illusion, error and catastrophe. I suggest finally that part of the reason for the relative lack of terrorist activity in France post-’68 may be attributed to La Chinoise which, while revealing the precariousness of all political action and discourse (including cinematic), stimulates its viewer into further critical reflection, notably on the potential for terrorism within language itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines a particularly intense phase of French cinema's quest for "high culture" legitimacy, the period covering the Occupation and the rise of the New Wave from 1940 to 1958. It discusses how the combination of historical circumstance and Vichy government policy enhanced the position of cinema relative to literature.

Michel PÊCHEUX (1938-1983) was one of the main representatives of a critical and productive episode in French discourse analysis, from the late 1960s to the early 1980s. He shared with more famous contemporaries such as Michel FOUCAULT a background in BACHELARDian epistemology and ALTHUSSERian "post-structuralism" and an interest in theories of discourse, but his most important contribution to discourse analysis consisted in the development of tools for conducting empirical studies of discourses. In an attempt to break away from the "spontaneous ideology" of content analysis, PÊCHEUX developed a formal, potentially automatic instrument, which he called Automatic Discourse Analysis. This instrument could generate a structuralist description of a discourse by identifying and describing relations of selection and substitution of syntactic elements in a corpus of texts representing that discourse. When dealing with criticisms of this approach and attempting to overcome its limitations, PÊCHEUX moved away from structuralism and developed a more reflective theory of "interdiscourse" in which he tried to account for the ideological struggle and dynamic inequality between discourses. This article discusses the rationale of the different stages PÊCHEUX went through to develop an empirical instrument of discourse analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Despite the lack of evidence to support routine scheduled replacement of dialysis catheters (DCs) this practice continues to be widely used in many intensive care units (ICUs). This study evaluated whether additional risks of catheter-related infection (CRI) are incurred with a conservative attitude in critically ill cancer patients.Design and Setting: Prospective, observational study over a 14-month period in a 15-bed medicosurgical unit in a comprehensive cancer center.Patients: Seventy-nine double-lumen DCs were evaluated in 47 patients. Incidence rates of infection per 1000 days of catheter use were examined over 7-day periods.Measurements and Results: The mean indwelling time was 6.9+/-5.5 days. Twelve DCs (15.2%) were removed for suspected CRI. Catheter-tip cultures remained negative in 74 cases (93.7%). Overall, one bacteremic CRI, two colonization episodes, and two contaminations were diagnosed, leading to DC colonization and DC-related bacteremia incidence rates of, respectively, 5.4 and 1.8 per 1000 days. When the catheter colonization rate was examined at 7-day intervals, the incidence rate was similar whatever the indwelling time: 5.8, 4.8, and 6.0 per 1000 days, respectively, for the 49 catheters left in place for 7 days or less, 8-14 days (21 DCs), and more than 14 days (9 DCs). The DC colonization incidence rate was similar to that of the 42 short-term catheters inserted during the same period in the same patients (5.9 per 1000 days).Conclusions: The stable low risk for DC-related infections over time does not support the rationale for scheduled replacement, even in immunocompromised cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine risk factors of infections with piperacillin/tazobactam-resistant Escherichia coli in critical care patients.Design: Prospective, consecutive sample survey study.Setting: Surgical intensive care unit (ICU) in a university hospital.Patients: A consecutive series of 133 patients from whom culture results were positive for E. coli during their ICU stay.Interventions: None.Measurements and Main Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the following significant independent factors associated with the emergence of a piperacillin/tazobactam-resistant Escherichia coli: prior use of amoxicillin (odds ratio, 4.15) and amoxicillin/clavulanate (odds ratio, 3.25).Conclusions: Treatment with amoxicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanate is a major risk factor for the detection of piperacillin/tazobactam-resistant E. coli in ICU patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Re-examines the reaction of the British public in the coverage of the political trial of Jewish army captain Alfred Dreyfus in France in 1899. Articulation of indignation in many public spaces; Criticisms on the verdict from various newspaper editorials; Assessment of reports of some of the religious response to the verdict.

Objective: To study the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in three patients with acute renal failure related to multi-organ failure during continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHD).Design: Prospective exploratory, open-labelled study.Setting: Critical Care Unit in a University Medical Centre.Patients: 3 patients exhibiting hemodynamic instability and oligo-anuric acute renal failure requiring extra-renal epuration were included in this study.Intervention: Every patient received 7.5 mg/kg IV vancomycin over 1 h for a documented or suspected nosocomial staphylococcal infection. Serum and dialysate outlets samples were collected before infusion and 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 after the end of infusion.Measurements and Results: Mean age was 58.7 years (range 41-79) and mean SAPS 15.7 (9-23). The mean peak concentrations were 27.3 mg/l (range 15.6-45.6) one hour after the end of infusion. The average remaining vancomycin concentration 24 h after the onset of infusion was 3.6 mg/l (range 2.6-4.5). The mean terminal disposition rate constant and elimination half-life were 0.05 h-1 and 13.9 h respectively. Mean total body clearance was 38.9 +/- 4.3 ml/min and dialysate outlet (DO) clearance 4.2 +/- 1.3 ml/min. The mean volume of distribution was 47.4 +/- 6.4 l.Conclusion: CVVHD is effective for vancomycin elimination. In these patients, the elimination half-life is almost constant, involving a following injection of vancomycin 12 h later to achieve effective concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the position of the intellectuals in the social formations in Great Britain and France. It mentions the disparity of the political and social positions of the intellectuals in two countries. It adds that while in France, they assumed significant position, intellectuals in Great plagued by the unsophisticated and underdeveloped intellectual market that is difficult to conceive.

The article highlights the French film journal "Cahiers du cinéma," which celebrated its 40th anniversary in May 1991 with significant fanfare. It states that the journal's difficulties and challenges during the 1980s were not in evidence during the 1991 celebrations. The article discusses and presents the film journal's response during the decade of the 1980s to two specific pressures: the definition of its place in the audiovisual environment of 1980s France and the journal's persistent attempt to come to terms with its own history and, in particular, with the notion of the auteur. Thomas Elsaesser has referred to the "Cahiers du cinéma" as 'the brilliant public relations stunt' as the magazine is perceived as virtually being the house journal of the cinematic movement.

The article analyzes French women's films in the 1930s. The common features of women films include a melodramatic women-centered narrative, set in the classic areas of women's experience, and attempting to tell a story from a woman's point of view or to portray a woman's subjectivity and desire. The complex reasons why women films were marginal in French cinema during the heyday of the Hollywood woman's film are presented. Melodramas "Angèle," "Jenny," "Hél&grave;ene" and L'Entraîneuse" dramatize primary psychic conflicts which easily lend themselves to analysis in terms of archetypal male scenarios in which women are objects of exchange or sites of projection of male anxieties and fantasies.

This article examines the audiovisual magazine television programs of the Institute for Audiovisual Communication (INA) and their implications in television (TV) broadcasting in France. These are "Hiéroglyphes" and "Juste en Image." These works reflect the shift from modernist to postmodernist practice in broadcasting. They raise issues about the discourse in French public service broadcasting, popular memory, cultural heritage and authorship. Their emphasis on image places these audiovisual magazine programs in the center of the postmodern gilt market.

Focuses on a cross-cultural training of language teachers in Alsace, France. Study of foreign language; Language teachers' way of teaching culturally authentic materials; Study of national cultures.

The article focuses on the evaluation of the clinical and molecular epidemiology of Citrobacter spp. at a university hospital in southern France. The hospitalized patients underwent antibiotic susceptibility testing through the Vitek 2 GNS-F7 card and agar disk-diffusion assay. The results from the bivariate analysis of risk factors for resistant Citrobacter spp. is presented.