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Objectives: The purpose was to conduct a comprehensive study of malocclusions and oral dysfunctions on 11‐year‐old children and to study the risk factors associated with malocclusions. Material and Methods: A cross‐sectional descriptive epidemiological survey was conducted among 359 children in France. A clinical examination was conducted, and orthodontic and oral functional data were collected. In addition, the need for orthodontic treatment was evaluated using the criteria defined by of the French National Authority for Health (HAS). Finally, a univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to assess the risks associated with malocclusions. Results: Most children (88%) exhibited a malocclusion, regardless of gender (p =.912). The examination of oral functions identified a large number of swallowing (87%) and respiration (42.7%) disorders. The presence of malocclusion was statistically linked to the low position of the tongue at rest (p <.001), abnormal swallowing (p =.03), and improper mouth breathing (p =.001). After a multivariate analysis, the type of respiration (odds ratio [OR] = 3.2 [1.4–7.3]) and the position of tongue at rest (OR = 3.43 [1.7–7.1]) were the two most prominent factors in the prediction of emerging malocclusion. Conclusion: This epidemiological survey reveals a high prevalence of dental malocclusions and functional disorders. Oral respiration and the low position of the tongue at rest are the most important factors in the prediction of a malocclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Greater Geneva Basin (GGB), located in southwestern Switzerland and neighboring France, is enclosed by the rotating northwestern edge of the Alpine front and the Jura mountains chain. Recently, this basin has received increasing attention as a target for geothermal exploration. Historical and instrumental seismicity suggest that faults affecting the basin may still be active. Moderate-magnitude earthquakes have been located along the Vuache fault, a major strike-slip structure crossing the basin. Before geothermal exploration starts, it is key to evaluate the seismic rate in the region and identify possible seismogenic areas. In this context, we deployed a temporary seismic network of 20 broad-band stations (from September 2016 to January 2018) to investigate the ongoing seismic activity, its relationship with local tectonic structures, and the large-scale kinematics of the area. Our network lowered the magnitude of completeness of the permanent Swiss and French networks from 2.0 to a theoretical value of 0.5. Using a new coherence-based detector (LASSIE - particularly effective to detect microseismicity in noisy environments), we recorded scarce seismicity in the basin with local magnitudes ranging from 0.7 to 2.1 M L. No earthquakes were found in the Canton of Geneva where geothermal activities will take place. We constructed a local 'minimum 1-D P -wave velocity model' adapted to the GGB using earthquakes from surrounding regions. We relocated the events of our catalogue obtaining deeper hypocentres compared to the locations obtained using the available regional velocity models. We also retrieved eight new focal mechanisms using a combination of polarities and waveform inversion techniques (CSPS). The stress inversion shows a pure strike-slip stress regime, which is in agreement with structural and geological data. Combining the background seismicity with our catalogue, we identified seismogenic areas offsetting the basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study was to rank the risk factors for dental caries among first-year university students in Nice (France). Methods: All first-year students are required to undergo a compulsory preventive medical examination. Among these students, volunteers were offered a dental visit. Information was collected through an interview followed by an oral examination. We assessed the volunteers' oral hygiene habits (daily toothbrushing frequency, type of toothbrush used, frequency of toothbrush replacement, place of toothpaste purchase, and flossing), daily health-related behaviors (number of main daily meals, daily sugary intakes, smoking, alcohol consumption, consumption of cannabis or other drugs), oral-health-related behaviors (self-reported oral health, dental visits during the past year, reason for the last dental consultation, and failure to seek dental care due to financial reasons), and oral health issues (dental crowding, oral hygiene, presence of caries, presence of pit and fissure sealant remnants). The dependent variable was the presence of at least one untreated carious lesion. The data were subjected to univariate analyses to select explanatory variables, and subsequently, a logistic regression was performed. Results: Six hundred twenty-nine students aged 18.8±1.6 years were enrolled in this study. The sex ratio was 0.72, with a strong predominance of the female gender. Only 59.3% of the students had never experienced dental caries, while 22.4% had already undergone restorative procedures and did not have any carious lesion at the time of the examination, and 11.6% presented with carious lesions and had never been treated by a dentist. Lastly, 6.7% had carious lesions despite evidence of prior restorative procedures. The multivariate analysis revealed the following pejorative risk factors: failure to seek dental care due to financial reasons (OR:3.06, 95% CI: 1.40-6.70), poor oral hygiene revealed during the oral examination (OR:2.59, 95% CI: 1.60-4.20), and poor self-reported oral health (OR:2.43, 95% CI: 1.24-4.77). Conversely, the analysis revealed the following protective factors: preventive visits to the dentist (OR:0.63, 95% CI: 0.41-0.99), the use of an electric toothbrush (OR:0.36, 95% CI: 0.17-0.77), and sealant remnants (OR:0.22, 95% CI: 0.05-0.97). Conclusions: The highest-ranking caries risk factor for the study population was the financial barrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim A split-mouth randomized clinical trial was carried out to assess the effectiveness of a school-based dental sealant ( SBDS) program for French children from low-income backgrounds within 3 years of follow-up. The secondary objectives were to determine the risk factors for the occurrence of new carious lesions ( ICDAS 3-6) on first permanent molars, to evaluate the effectiveness of the program according to risk factors and to assess sealant retention. Methods The study included 276 6- to 7-year old pupils (457 pairs of first permanent molars) from Nice. The sealing was performed in first- or second-grade children. The first permanent molars were randomized into two groups: One received resin-based sealant and the other formed a nontreatment group. Carious lesions ICDAS 3-6 on permanent and primary teeth, visible plaque, streptococcus mutans and/or lactobacillus counts were recorded at baseline to assess individual caries risk ( ICR). The putative confounders recorded at baseline were sex, grade level, and characteristics of first permanent molars. An intent-to-treat analysis was performed, where the study outcome was the occurrence of new carious lesions within 3 years of follow-up. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models (hazard risk, HR) using the procedure PHREG with the option of Covsandwich were performed in SAS to assess the effectiveness of the SBDS program. Results At 3 years of follow-up, 228 children (378 tooth pairs) remained in the analysis. The survival analysis showed that first permanent molars that received sealants had 67% (adjusted HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.24-0.46) less risk of developing new carious lesions during all the follow-up than molars without sealant. In addition, children with carious lesions ICDAS 3-6 on permanent and primary teeth, that is, high ICR, had three times the risk of having a new carious lesion than others without, independently of the sealant treatment (adjusted HR: 3.00; 95% CI: 1.55-5.75). Effectiveness of the SBDS program at 3 years of follow-up depended on the presence of carious lesions ICDAS 3-6 ( HR in 173 children with carious lesions: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.23-0.46) at baseline ( HR in 103 children without carious lesions: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.16-1.12). Finally, the overall retention rate was 32.3%. Conclusion The effectiveness of the SBDS program was demonstrated in low socioeconomic areas. Selection of schoolchildren according to the presence of carious lesions ICDAS 3-6 should be considered in a SBDS program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stratified epidemiological survey was carried out among the best French rugby players to assess the prevalence of trauma to the lower or middle part of the face (TLMPF) and the frequency at which the mouthguards (MGs) were worn. The 1140 randomized players (elite 1, elite 2 and national 1 clubs) filled in the same form anonymously. The variables were first subjected to univariate analysis (Chi-square, anova). Secondly, they were included in a multivariate model (logistic regression). Some 29.57% of players had already been affected by a TLMPF. The risk increased for the oldest forward players. It also increased with the number of yearly competitions and number of hours of weekly training. Some 64.3% of players used a MG. The frequency at which it was worn increased with the number of yearly competitions, for those who had experinced a previous trauma and for the pack players who had been playing for a long time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: to evaluate the impact of a solid nutritional supplement on the weight gain of institutionalised older adults >70 years with protein-energy malnutrition. The innovation of these high-protein and high-energy cookies was the texture adapted to edentulous patients (Protibis®, Solidages, France).Design: an open, multicentre, randomised controlled trial.Setting: seven nursing homes.Participants: one hundred and seventy-five malnourished older adults, aged 86 ± 8 years.Intervention: all participants received the standard institutional diet. In addition, Intervention group participants received eight cookies daily (11.5 g protein; 244 kcal) for 6 weeks (w0–w6).Measurements: five visits (w−4, w0, w6, w10 and w18). Main outcome: percentage of weight gain from w0 to w6 (body mass in kg). Secondary outcomes: appetite, rated using a numerical scale (0: no appetite to 10: extremely good appetite); current episodes of pressure ulcers and diarrhea.Results: average weight increased in Intervention group (n = 88) compared with Control group (n = 87) without cookies supplementation (+1.6 versus −0.7%, P = 0.038). Weight gain persisted 1 month (+3.0 versus −0.2%, P = 0.025) and 3 months after the end of cookies consumption (+3.9 versus −0.9%, P = 0.003), with diarrhea reduction (P = 0.027). There was a synergistic effect with liquid/creamy dietary supplements. Subgroup analysis confirmed the positive impact of cookies supplementation alone on weight increase (P = 0.024), appetite increase (P = 0.009) and pressure ulcers reduction (P = 0.031).Conclusion: the trial suggested that, to fight against anorexia, the stimulation of touch (finger food; chewing, even on edentulous gums) and hearing (intra-oral sounds) could be valuable alternatives to sight, smell and taste alterations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objectives A split-mouth randomized clinical trial was carried out to assess the effectiveness of a school-based dental sealant ( SBDS) program for French children from low-income backgrounds. The secondary objectives were to determine the effectiveness of the program according to the baseline individual caries risk ( ICR) and to assess the sealant retention. Methods The study included 276 pupils from Nice. The sealing was performed in the first or second grades. The permanent first molars were randomized into two groups: one received resin-based sealant and the other no treatment. Active caries on permanent and temporary teeth, visible plaque, Streptococcus mutans ( SM) and Lactobacillus counts were recorded at baseline to assess ICR. An intent-to-treat analysis was performed based on the occurrence of new caries at 1 year of follow-up (study outcome). Univariate and multivariable conditional tooth -matched logistic regression analyses ( Proc phreg; SAS) were used to assess the effectiveness of the SBDS program. Results At 1 year of follow-up, 253 children (421 pairs) remained in the analysis. In the adjusted analysis, first permanent molars that received sealants were less at risk of developing new caries at 1 year of follow-up compared with those from the control group ( OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.14-0.49). Independently of the treatment, SM count, and all other covariates, only the variable 'active caries at baseline' remained related to new caries on first molars at 1 year ( OR = 3.11, 95% CI: 1.27-7.62). The effect of the sealants was significant only when the analyses included subjects with active caries ( OR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.12-0.50) or with a high SM count (>105, OR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.10-0.41) at baseline. At the 1-year follow-up, total retention was recorded in 52.7% ( n = 222) of the treated teeth. Conclusion The 1-year effectiveness of the SBDS program was demonstrated in low socio-economic areas. Selection of schoolchildren according to individual caries risk factors should be considered in a SBDS program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As far as we know, little data, whether obtained from self-administered questionnaires or upon dental clinical examination, has been published on the prevalence of sensitive teeth (ST) in the French adult population. The objectives of the present work were to estimate ST prevalence and characteristics in the general population of France and to explore the associated factors. Method: A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2011 and March 2013 in six French cities. Adult passers-by in public places were invited to answer an electronic questionnaire on a tablet computer. Only people who declared having at least one natural tooth were included in the study. A logistic regression model was used for the multivariate analysis. Results: The prevalence of ST during the previous 12 months reported by the sample of 2413 participants was 42.2% [95% CI: 40.2–44.1%]. The final logistic regression model showed significant statistical associations between ST and female gender, use of tobacco, consumption of soft drinks, limited access to oral care and poor oral hygiene habits (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study provides prevalence data on ST in a general population in France, which seems to remain high despite the existence of many therapies. It should alert professionals to a clinical manifestation that is becoming increasingly prevalent and that they will have to take into consideration to help reduce the discomfort arising from it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system developed for a port wharf of a freight terminal, in Saint-Nazaire, France. This concrete structure has been equipped with a multi-sensor system for the monitoring of concrete ageing. The measurement chain is designed to detect the penetration of chloride ions in order to quantify the risk of reinforcement bars corrosion. Modifications of the mechanical behavior of the structural elements of the wharf are also monitored. At first, the sensors embedded within the structure and the acquisition devices are described. The data from the monitoring performed during the first months of the structure service life are then presented. The concrete monitoring at early age providing data like temperature history, strain and resistivity is useful both for the wharf owner and the construction company since it indicates where concrete shrinkage is likely to cause cracking and gives an indicator of material hardening. These data were compared to the results of material tests carried out on concrete. The study shows that a measurement chain dedicated to the SHM could be a useful tool for validating the quality of the construction of a reinforced concrete structure before being used in the framework of long-term monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Haemophilia A (HA) is a congenital bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency/absence of factor VIII (FVIII) and characterised by frequent, acute and prolonged spontaneous or traumatic bleeding events, often leading to haemophilic arthropathy and progressive joint deterioration. HA severity is characterized by endogenous FVIII activity: mild (> 5-40%), moderate (1-5%), or severe (< 1%). HA poses a substantial clinical and socioeconomic burden on people with HA (PWHA), their caregivers, and society. This analysis evaluates clinical and patient-centric outcomes of a cohort of individuals with non-inhibitor HA sampled from France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK in the 'Cost of Haemophilia in Europe: A Socioeconomic Survey II' (CHESS II) study., Methods: CHESS II was a cross-sectional burden-of-illness study collecting clinical and socioeconomic data on adult (≥ 18 years) individuals with haemophilia A or B of any severity with or without inhibitors from eight European countries. Descriptive analyses were conducted examining physician-reported demographics, clinical and health resource utilisation information. PWHA-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using the EQ-5D-5L and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) were also examined. Outcomes were stratified by HA severity and reported at country level., Results: Demographics and clinical characteristics of the cohort (N = 880) were generally consistent across countries. Individuals with severe HA experienced more frequent bleeding events and joint disease despite broad use of factor replacement therapy long-term prophylaxis. A minority of those with mild or moderate HA also experienced such challenges. HRQoL and workforce participation diminished, and chronic pain increased, with increasing HA severity., Conclusion: This analysis provides up-to-date insights on the impact of HA across five European countries. Increasing HA severity was generally associated with worse clinical outcomes, HRQoL and workforce participation. These findings suggest a place for continued evidence-based tailored treatment and clinical management approaches in addressing the residual burden of HA., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Healthcare Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)