Search

Introduction: Motor nerve blocks with anesthetic drug for local anesthesia are commonly used in physical and rehabilitation medicine (PRM), especially in the field of spasticity. Guidelines in this context are currently lacking., Method: Eighteen experts selected on the basis of their recognized experience by the scientific committees of the French PRM (SOFMER) and Anesthesia and Intensive care (SFAR) societies were invited to work and propose guidelines for the use of loco-regional anesthetic drug for motor nerve blocks in PRM setting. Eight issues were addressed: which neural blocks for which indications; drugs and contraindications; medical survey and attitude in case of adverse event; injection and guidance material; patient preparation and pain relief; efficacy assessment; patient information; education of PRM physiatrists. The Medline, Cochrane and Embase databases for the period 1999 to 2018 were consulted and 355 papers analyzed. The drafts were commented then approved by the whole group using electronic vote, before final approval by scientific committee of each society., Results: No scientific evidence emerged from the literature. Thus, these guidelines are mainly based on the opinion of the expert panel. Guidelines for each issue are reported with the main points of arguments. The main question deals with the recommendation about doses for each drug: for lidocaine - up to 2mg/kg - "check contraindications, emergency truck available, no need of previous anesthetic consultation nor presence of anesthetic physician"; for ropivacaine - up to 1.5mg/kg, with a maximum of 100mg - the same but after intravenous line. Beyond these doses, SFAR guidelines have to be applied with the need of anesthetic physician., Conclusion: These are the first organizational guidelines devoted to increase the security of motor nerve block use in PRM settings., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Background: Current guidelines recommend intramuscular botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injection as first-line treatment for spasticity, a frequent and impairing feature of various central nervous system (CNS) lesions such as stroke. Patients with spasticity commonly require BoNT-A injections once every 3 to 4 months. We conducted a nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study, using the French National Hospital Discharge Database (PMSI), to describe BoNT-A use for spasticity in clinical practice in France between 2014 and 2020. The PMSI database covers the whole French population, corresponding to over 66 million persons. Methods: We first searched the PMSI database for healthcare facility discharge of patients who received BoNT-A injections between 2014 and 2020, corresponding to the first set. For each BoNT-A-treated patient, we identified the medical condition for which BoNT-A may have been indicated. Another search of the PMSI database focused on patients admitted for acute stroke between 2014 and 2016 and their spasticity-related care pathway (second set). Overall, two subpopulations were analysed: 138,481 patients who received BoNT-A injections between 2014 and 2020, and 318,025 patients who survived a stroke event between 2014 and 2016 and were followed up until 2020. Results: Among the 138,481 BoNT-A-treated patients, 53.5% received only one or two BoNT-A injections. Most of these patients (N = 85,900; 62.0%) received BoNT-A because they had CNS lesions. The number of patients with CNS lesions who received ≥1 BoNT-A injection increased by a mean of 7.5% per year from 2014 to 2019, but decreased by 0.2% between 2019 and 2020, corresponding to the COVID-19 outbreak. In stroke survivors (N = 318,025), 10.7% were coded with post-stroke spasticity, 2.3% received ≥1 BoNT-A injection between 2014 and 2020, and only 0.8% received ≥3 injections within the 12 months following BoNT-A treatment initiation, i.e., once every 3 to 4 months. Conclusion: Our analysis of the exhaustive PMSI database showed a suboptimal implementation of BoNT-A treatment recommendations in France. BoNT-A treatment initiation and re-administration are low, particularly in patients with post-stroke spasticity. Further investigations may help explain this observation, and may target specific actions to improve spasticity-related care pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We assessed virological outcomes of rilpivirine use in France from 2012 to 2017, in three groups of people living with HIV (PLHIV): (i) antiretroviral (ARV)-naive PLHIV; (ii) ARV-experienced PLHIV switching to rilpivirine while failing therapy; and (iii) ARV-experienced PLHIV switching to rilpivirine while virologically controlled.Methods: Virological success (VS) was defined as a plasma HIV-1 viral load (VL) <50 copies/mL and virological failure (VF) as two consecutive VL >50 copies/mL or one VL >50 copies/mL followed by a treatment switch prior to the next VL measurement. The cumulative incidence of VS was assessed considering rilpivirine discontinuation, loss to follow-up and death as competing risks, while estimates of cumulative incidence of VF accounted for loss to follow-up and death.Results: Among the 2166 ARV-naive PLHIV initiating rilpivirine, the 4 year cumulative incidence of VS was 91.0% and was associated with baseline VL. Among the 2125 ARV-experienced PLHIV switching to rilpivirine while failing therapy, the 4 year cumulative incidence of VS was 82.5% and was associated with lower VL, higher CD4 and less than three prior ARVs. Among the 11 828 ARV-experienced PLHIV switching to rilpivirine while virologically controlled, the 4 year cumulative incidence of VF was 9.6%. The risk of VF was lower among MSM, for PLHIV with CD4 ≥ 500 cell/mm3, without a prior AIDS event, or with a longer VL suppression at baseline.Conclusions: Rilpivirine-containing regimens yielded high rates of viral suppression in most participants, while it was ineffective when used outside the marketing authorization in naive participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess predictors and indicators of disability and quality-of-life 4 years after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), using structural equation modelling (SEM). Methods: The PariS-TBI study is a longitudinal multi-centre inception cohort study of 504 patients with severe TBI. Among 245 survivors, 147 patients were evaluated upon 4-year follow-up, and 85 completed the full assessment. Two outcome measures were analysed separately using SEM: the Glasgow Outcome Scale-extended (GOS-E), to measure disability, and the QOLIBRI, to assess quality-of-life. Four groups of variables were entered in the model: demographics; injury severity; mood and cognitive impairments; somatic impairments. Results: The GOS-E was directly significantly related to mood and cognition, injury severity, and somatic impairments. Age and education had an indirect effect, mediated by mood/cognition or somatic deficiencies. In contrast, the only direct predictor of QOLIBRI was mood and cognition. Age and somatic impairments had an indirect influence on the QOLIBRI. Conclusion: Although this study should be considered as explorative, it suggests that disability and quality-of-life were directly influenced by different factors. While disability appeared to result from an interaction of a wide range of factors, quality-of-life was solely directly related to psycho-cognitive factors. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective: The first aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of TBI and epilepsy in a French prison population and to study variables known to be associated with TBI. The second aim was to compare prisoners with and without a history of TBI. Participants: All offenders (females, males and juveniles) admitted consecutively to Fleury-Mérogis prison over a period of 3 months were included in the study. Design: During the admission procedure, offenders were interviewed by healthcare staff using a self-reported questionnaire. Results: In all, 1221 prisoners were included. The rates of TBI and epilepsy were high, with a prevalence of 30.6% and 5.9%, respectively. Psychiatric care, anxiolytic and antidepressant treatment, use of alcohol and cannabis were all significantly higher among offenders with a history of TBI. Moreover, the number of times in custody and the total time spent in jail over the preceding 5 years were significantly higher among offenders with a history of TBI. Conclusions: These results provide further evidence that specific measures need to be developed such as, first of all, screening for TBI upon arrival in prison. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Introduction Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin (BoNTA) is one of the primary treatments for focal spasticity. This treatment is considered costly and the level of reimbursement by health insurance has been decreasing in many countries for several years. The aim of this study was to determine the real cost of treating spasticity with BoNTA and to compare this with the level of reimbursement by the national health insurance in France in 2008 and with a new fee, specific to the injection of BoNTA in ambulatory services. Method A single-center, retrospective study using the 2008 database from a French secondary-care day-hospital unit (treating spasticity in adults with sequelae of stroke, multiple sclerosis or traumatic brain injuries). The level of reimbursement by the French ministry of health for BoNTA treatment for adults with spasticity constituted the “calculated cost” and corresponded to the hospital's “budget”. The “real cost” (incurred by the hospital) included the sum of staffing and material costs as well as the number of toxin vials used. The calculated costs for 2009 and 2013 were based on the levels of reimbursement during those years. The difference between real and calculated cost for 2009 and 2013 was estimated considering that the real cost of 2008 was stable. Results In 2008, 364 patients received BoNTA, resulting in 870 day-hospital admissions. The calculated cost was 459,056 €/year and the real cost was 567,438 €/year (equivalent to 4.27 €/day/patient). The total budget deficit (hospital income minus hospital costs) was 108,383 €. The deficit was estimated at 222,892 € in 2009 and 241,188 € in 2013. Conclusion The daily cost of BoNTA treatment for spasticity is reasonable; however, because of the level of reimbursement by the national health insurance in France, the treatment is costly for French hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary objective: To determine the features of stroke-related HO in a large sample of patients and to assess if HO risk is increased by haemorrhagic stroke. Research design: A case control study (risk factor of a rare event using retrospective analysis). Methods and procedures: Sixty-one patients with stroke-81 troublesome HOs-were included, each was matched with four controls, i.e. 244 patients with no HO after stroke. Matching criteria were age (±3.5 years) and sex. Data recorded were time from stroke to surgery, ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke and presence of HO risk factors. Main outcomes and results: Mean age at time of stroke = 46.02 ± 11.4 years (15.9-76.3) for the case sub-group. Time from stroke to surgery = 23.4 ± 27.8 months (3.6-150.0). There was a significant relationship between haemorrhagic stroke and HO development (OR = 3.01; 95% CI = 1.14-7.98; p < 0.05), but not for ischaemic stroke. This became non-significant when all matching and risk factors were included in the model (adjusted OR = 1.98; 95% CI = 0.60-6.54; p = 0.26). Conclusion: Haemorrhagic stroke appears to increase the risk of HO development. Further studies are required to determine if this risk factor is independent from other comorbid factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess brain injury services utilization and their determinants using Andersen's model. Methods: Prospective follow-up of the PariS-TBI inception cohort. Out of 504 adults with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), 245 survived and 147 received a 4-year outcome assessment (mean age 33 years, 80% men). Provision rates of medical, rehabilitation, social and re-entry services and their relations to patients' characteristics were assessed. Results: Following acute care discharge, 78% of patients received physiotherapy, 61% speech/cognitive therapy, 50% occupational therapy, 41% psychological assistance, 63% specialized medical follow-up, 21% community re-entry assistance. Health-related need factors, in terms of TBI severity, were the main predictors of services. Provision of each therapy was significantly associated with corresponding speech, motor and psychological impairments. However, care provision did not depend on cognitive impairments and cognitive therapy was related to predisposing and geographical factors. Community re-entry assistance was provided to younger and more independent patients. Conclusions: These quantitative findings illustrate strengths and weaknesses of late brain injury care provision in urban France and highlight the need to improve treatment of cognitive impairments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study design:Review of the literature.Objectives:It is widely believed that the timing of surgery and the size of the initial Neurological Heterotopic Ossification (NHO) affect the recurrence risk of NHO after SCI. A large number of studies were published in the 80s and the 90s, mostly of poor quality despite the fact that they were carried out by experienced surgical teams. The aim of this study was to suggest recommendations relating to the timing of excision of heterotopic ossification after SCI following the analysis of a recent review of the literature.Setting:France.Methods:A systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed Embase from January 2002 until June 2014 using the MESH headings 'spinal cord injury', 'paraplegia', 'heterotopic ossification' and 'surgery'. Results were compared with results from epidemiological studies based on the BANKHO database (patients who underwent surgery for troublesome HO after central neurological system (CNS) lesions in our center (357 patients, 539 surgeries)).Results:Few studies were found in the literature, results were sometimes contradictory and practices heterogeneous. Results from the BANKHO database showed that troublesome recurrence of NHO was not associated with 'early' surgery (before 6 months), and no association was found between recurrence and the size of the NHO around the joint (Brooker status).Conclusion:We suggest that surgical excision of the NHO should be carried out when it begins to be troublesome, as soon as comorbid factors are under control and the HO is sufficiently constituted for excision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess outcome and predicting factors 1 year after a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Multi-centre prospective inception cohort study of patients aged 15 or older with a severe TBI in the Parisian area, France. Data were collected prospectively starting the day of injury. One-year evaluation included the relatives-rating of the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX-R), the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) and employment. Univariate and multivariate tests were computed. Results: Among 257 survivors, 134 were included (mean age 36 years, 84% men). Good recovery concerned 19%, moderate disability 43% and severe disability 38%. Among patients employed pre-injury, 42% were working, 28% with no job change. DEX-R score was significantly associated with length of education only. Among initial severity measures, only the IMPACT prognostic score was significantly related to GOSE in univariate analyses, while measures relating to early evolution were more significant predictors. In multivariate analyses, independent predictors of GOSE were length of stay in intensive care (LOS), age and education. Independent predictors of employment were LOS and age. Conclusions: Age, education and injury severity are independent predictors of global disability and return to work 1 year after a severe TBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]