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U3As have their origin in 1973 in Toulouse, France, with Professor Pierre Vellas. This French influence was also felt in Portugal and the first Portuguese U3A opened its doors also in the 1970's. However, from inception the Portuguese reality was very different from the French model, especially in regards to its promoters. However, both in France and Portugal, these original models have since undergone significant changes. Within this context, this study seeks to analyse this shift in the organisation of U3A, attempting to understand, amongst other factors, who are the social players behind the change, their goals, and how they are organised. To achieve these research goals, several data collection techniques were used such as document/text analysis of information on the different educational opportunities on offer to older adults, especially U3A, as well as conducting interviews with some leaders of U3A. Theoretically, the work of several authors who have analysed U3A such as Aline Chamain and Marvin Formosa are considered as well as authors who have researched third age policies, in particular Anne-Marie Guillemard. In conclusion, the present work shows U3As in Portugal present themselves in a different context in terms of their promoters--as either tertiary institutions or as private associations.

Introduction: The importance of exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) is still controversial in the prevention of cardiovascular events among sportsmen and sportswomen. The aim of this study was to assess the relevance of exercise ECG as a screening tool to prevent cardiovascular events when any cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are present. Methods: The study included leisure time asymptomatic sportsmen and sportswomen over age 35 evaluated from 2011 to 2016 at the University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne (France). Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and atrial fibrillation were collected at 3 years. Results: Of the cohort of 2457 sportsmen and sportswomen (mean age 50.2 ± 9.4 years), 50 (2%) had a high‐risk SCORE2. A total of 256 exercise ECGs (10%) were defined as positive, most of them due to silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) (n = 196; 8%). These 196 SMI cases led to 33 coronary angiograms (1%), which revealed 23 significant coronary stenoses requiring revascularization. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, having at least two CVD risk factors was independently associated with (1) positive exercise ECG (OR = 1.80 [95% CI: 1.29–2.52], p = 0.0006), with (2) suspected SMI (OR = 2.57 [95% CI: 1.10–6.02], p = 0.0304), with (3) confirmed SMI (OR = 8.20 [95% CI: 3.46–19.46], p < 0.0001) and with (4) cardiovascular events (MACE or atrial fibrillation) (OR = 6.95 [95% CI: 3.49–13.81], p < 0.0001) at 3 years (median). Conclusions: The study supports the European recommendations for the use of exercise ECG in evaluation of asymptomatic leisure time sportsmen over age 35. Having at least two CVD risk factors was the best predictor for presence of coronary artery stenosis that may increase the risk for adverse events. Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06024863 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of social coping among students with gifts and talents (SWGT) is not well understood. In interviews with elementary-, middle-, and high-school aged SWGT (N = 90; 50% female) from the United States, United Kingdom, South Korea, Ireland, and France, the universality of awareness of visibility of their exceptional abilities, high expectations and pressure to achieve from adults and peers, and peer jealousy and rejection, was confirmed. In all countries, SWGT were concerned about peers' upward social comparison and the effects of their outperformance on peers' feelings. SWGT attempted to hide their abilities or conform to peers' behaviors. Prosocial helping behaviors were found among SWGT in nearly all age groups and a focus on the self was a useful coping strategy to students in all countries except France. Parallels are drawn between these findings and stigma theory.

Objectives: This study aims to assess the impact of care consumption patterns and individual characteristics on the cost of treating differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), in France, with a specific emphasis on socioeconomic position. Methods: The methodology involved a net cost approach utilising cases from the EVATHYR cohort and controls from the French National Health Insurance database. Care consumption patterns were created using Optimal Matching and clustering techniques. The individual characteristics influence on patterns was assessed using multinomial logistic regression. The individual characteristics and patterns influence on care costs was assessed using generalised estimating equations. Results: The findings revealed an average cost of €13,753 per patient during the initial 3 years. Regression models suggested the main predictors of high DTC specific care consumption tended to include having a high risk of cancer recurrence (OR = 4.97), being a woman (OR = 2.00), and experiencing socio-economic deprivation (OR = 1.26), though not reaching statistical significance. Finally, high DTC-specific care consumers also incurred higher general care costs (RR = 1.35). Conclusion: The study underscores the increased costs of managing DTC, shaped by consumption habits and socioeconomic position, emphasising the need for more nuanced DTC management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the rationale for pedagogical, technological and organizational choices in the design of a web-based and open virtual learning environment (VLE) promoting and sustaining self-directed language learning. Based on the last forty years of research on learner autonomy at the CRAPEL according to Holec's definition (1988), we designed a global VLE for researchers working on language learning autonomy, teachers with various degrees of practice and experience in self-directed learning, and language learners. The VLE is thus divided into three spaces for the different types of participant, each offering dedicated social networking possibilities and resources to enrich the others. Our study focuses on the space dedicated to teacher training, the main objective being to help them build knowledge and skills for a new educational role in the paradigm of language learning autonomy (LLA). This space contains specially created Web-TV resources and audio podcasts of self-directed learning advising sessions, is based on reflective analysis and relies on a professional social network, following the principles of the "community of practice" (Wenger, 1998). In line with the principles of self-directed learning, teachers acting as trainers in the VLE mainly enact supportive and facilitative functions as advisers do in face-to-face interactions. We explore how training for advisers is organized in this online environment characterized by a high degree of openness (Jézégou, 2010). We report on findings from the way teachers within their dedicated space, using quantitative and qualitative data collected from interviews, questionnaires and analysis of logs. We look at the tensions that emerge as teachers conceive their new role and engage in new training practices given the opportunities afforded by the environment. The data provide insights to how the VLE can support training practices based on reflection, participation and collaboration.

This study investigates how reading achievement relates to student and school characteristics in countries with different reading scores at the fourth grade level. Data comes from the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) 2011 for Denmark, Sweden, and France and the multilevel analysis includes two levels: student/home and schools. The school effectiveness and the home literacy models informed the selection of the independent variables. Results show that students' early literacy skills, home literacy practices and resources, and reading behavior are associated with reading scores in all countries. Furthermore, across different countries there are student/home universals and school particulars that explain variation in reading achievement. Educational policies should address home and school literacy skills and practices, school climate, and school composition to improve students' reading ability.

At its inception in 1993, the European Union (EU) did not consider education one of the pillars of its regional cohesiveness and identity. As time went by, recognition of the potential role of education at individual and social levels increased. This concern for education, however, is much more centred on the acquisition of knowledge and skills towards developing a competitive labour force than towards facilitating the integration of all citizens in the European community--a bias which is reflected in EU policies and recommendations. At local levels, communities need to offer educational opportunities to all members of society, irrespective of their social, cultural and linguistic background and their level of education. In many EU member countries, this kind of learning is offered by "popular universities" (PUs), which are not state-funded and run in close collaboration with their respective local communities. The authors of this paper carried out a qualitative survey, collecting data on PUs in Spain and France. Their purpose was to examine how European PU offerings align with community needs, and to what extent they address emerging issues such as immigration, the refugee crisis, an aging population and youth unemployment. In the evaluation of their comparative survey, the authors link the grassroots approaches of PUs in Spain and France to the broader European Union (EU) discourse on lifelong learning (LLL) as seen in policy documents such as the European Commission's "Memorandum on Lifelong Learning". Finally, they examine the ways in which PUs' approach to LLL works to contest the dominant consensus on the meaning and scope of lifelong learning, offering an alternative way forward.

Background: Precise data about ATTR-CM incidence rates at national level are scarce. Consequently, this study aimed to estimate the annual incidence and survival of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) in France between 2011 and 2019 using real world data. We used the French nationwide exhaustive data (SNDS database) gathering in- and out-patient claims. As there is no specific ICD-10 marker code for ATTR-CM, diagnosis required both amyloidosis (identified by E85. ICD-10 code or a tafamidis meglumine delivery) and a cardiovascular condition (identified by ICD-10 or medical procedure codes related to either heart failure, arrhythmias, conduction disorders or cardiomyopathies), not necessarily reported at the same visit. Patients with probable AL-form of amyloidosis or probable AA-form of amyloidosis were excluded. Results: Between 2011 and 2019, 8,950 patients with incident ATTR-CM were identified. Incidence rates increased from 0.6 / 100,000 person-years in 2011 to 3.6 / 100,000 person-years in 2019 (p < 0.001), reaching 2377 new cases in 2019. Sex ratios (M/F) increased from 1.52 in 2011 to 2.23 in 2019. In 2019, median age at diagnosis was 84.0 years (85.5 for women and 83.5 for men). Median survival after diagnosis was 41.9 months (95% CI [39.6, 44.1]). Conclusions: This is the first estimate of nationwide ATTR-CM incidence in France using comprehensive real-world databases. We observed an increased incidence over the study period, consistent with an improvement in ATTR-CM diagnosis in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's "Program for International Student Assessment" (PISA) as a public policy instrument, whose worldwide circulation is mediated by processes of reinterpretation, negotiation, and re-contextualization, where national, local, and international agencies intertwine. It is focused on the active reception of PISA in six European spaces (Francophone Belgium, France, Hungary, Portugal, Romania, and Scotland) along its first three cycles. The paper identifies two contrasting developments: the Program's divergent uses and its attractiveness in different social worlds. The paper gives particular attention to what is called the "update of reference societies" in the context of national receptions of PISA. These "updates" are analyzed as part of a composite process that involves domestic reasons, either related to current agendas for education or to deep historical factors, and injunctions related to PISA's rationale and PISA objects.

In this article, we analyse changes in the contemporary management of private Catholic schools under State contract in France since the 1980s. Writing from a "policy sociology" perspective, we use data from previous studies on policy and on public and private schools as well as from an ongoing research project comparing policies of accountability in France and in Quebec. After presenting an outline of the constitutional, legal and institutional context in which public and religious schools operate, we show that the introduction of new public management approaches and instruments in the field of education has not exerted a significant influence either on the public management of State-controlled private schools or on the coupling between the public and the private sector. The management of Catholic schools is still mainly based, on the one hand, on regulation through inputs and limited intervention by public authorities and, on the other hand, on a complex system of internal moral controls by the private authorities themselves. However, although the management of public and private schools remains loosely coupled, some moves towards a closer interaction between the authorities in charge of both systems have taken place in the last decade.

Data from a medical chart review of patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated between 2015-2018 were analyzed and reviewed with data collected from the JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and treatment patterns appeared to be similar. Future studies should examine whether real-world outcomes are consistent with findings from the trial. Introduction: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a malignancy of the urothelium that encompasses the renal pelvis, bladder, and urethra. Current treatment guidelines for advanced (ie, locally advanced or metastatic) UC recommend using avelumab maintenance therapy in patients with nonprogressive disease following first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. This study aimed to assess the representativeness of the patient population in the JAVELIN Bladder 100 (JB-100) trial, which examined the efficacy and safety of avelumab first-line maintenance, vs. real-world patients with advanced UC that had not progressed with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy treated between 2015 and 2018 by reviewing demographic and clinical characteristics. Patients and Methods: A medical chart review (MCR) study collected demographics and treatment characteristics for patients with advanced UC in the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. Data were analyzed descriptively for review with data collected from patients enrolled in JB-100. Results: Clinical characteristics were consistent between JB-100 and the MCR. Most patients were male, received 4 to 6 cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy, and had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1. All patients in the MCR had either stable disease or a response with platinum-based chemotherapy (~75% achieved a complete or partial response). Fewer than half (42.5%) of all patients in the MCR received subsequent therapy. Conclusion: Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and treatment patterns from a MCR of patients with advanced UC that had not progressed following first-line platinum-based chemotherapy appeared similar to data from patients enrolled in JB-100. Future studies should examine whether real-world outcomes are consistent with findings from JB-100. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is considerable burden of illness in hereditary angioedema (HAE). However, instruments to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in HAE are limited. The Angioedema Quality of Life Questionnaire (AE-QoL) was developed to measure HRQoL in patients with recurrent angioedema; the validity of the AE-QoL in patients with HAE is described. Methods: To identify disease-related experiences with a focus on the impact of HAE on HRQoL, interviews were conducted with a group of clinician experts and patients with HAE from Canada, France, Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States, along with a targeted literature review. Concepts were mapped to the AE-QoL to assess item relevance, interpretation, and conceptual coverage. Cognitive interviews assessed item clarity and relevance. A psychometric validation was performed using data from a phase 3 trial. Results: Interviews were conducted with seven clinicians and 40 adult patients. Patients reported 35 unique impacts of HAE on their lives, the most frequent being on work/school, social relationships, physical activities, and emotions, particularly fear/worrying and anxiety. Saturation for these impacts was reached, and all concepts covered in the AE-QoL were reported during the interviews. Patients agreed that the questionnaire items and response options were clear and relevant, and the 4-week recall period was appropriate. The psychometric validation included data from 64 patients. For AE-QoL total scores, excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha > 0.90), test-retest reliability (intraclass coefficient > 0.80), convergent validity with the Sheehan Disability Scale (r = 0.663), divergent validity with the EQ-5D-5L index (r = 0.292) and EQ-VAS (r = 0.337), and known-groups validity (p < 0.0001; ɳ2 = 0.56) were demonstrated. Conclusions: Qualitative and psychometric analyses showed that the AE-QoL is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring HRQoL in adult patients with HAE from six countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a 4-year study carried out on the so-called Vaches Noires cliffs (VNCs), in Normandy, France, between April 2016 and January 2019. The VNCs are badlands facing the Channel sea, with Cretaceous to Jurassic formations. They are subject to strong erosion processes already described by former works. This study aims to gain greater insight into the erosion phenomena with the help of aerial surveys supported by geophysical imaging. For this purpose, Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) were established using photogrammetry applied to dozens of photos taken by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) was implemented according to profiles that were both transverse and parallel to the coastline, (i) from the top to bottom of the cliffs, (ii) as well as at the toe of the crests and on the beach. The main outcome is a global methodology to properly perform these methods and to combine all the results in a 3D environment using free software. This methodology was validated according to a 1-year experiment based on the comparison of two DEMs, then extended to a 4-year diachronic approach. Moreover, volumes of eroded and deposited materials were assessed in specific, morphodynamic areas of the cliffs. The ERI results were used to carry out thickness assessments of the layers involved in the erosion process, and served to clarify the local geology; however, their interpretation remains limited by the lack of a priori information, and underlines the need to carry out inversion processes via a 3D approach in a particularly complex topography. In conclusion, this work provides effective tools to anticipate the risks that threaten coastal habitats and infrastructures, and represents a solid basis for further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Closed-class word selection was investigated by focusing on determiner production. Native speakers from three different languages named pictures of objects using determiner plus noun phrases (e.g., in French "la table" (the [subscript feminine] table), while ignoring distractor determiners printed on the pictures (e.g., "le" (the [subscript masculine]). The target and distractor expressed either shared or different grammatical and nongrammatical features (gender, number, and definiteness). A gender-facilitation effect was observed and attributed to noun processing. Crucially, across five experiments, distractors that shared a feature with the target determiner never resulted in longer naming latencies than distractors that were more different. These results indicate that activating related candidates is not detrimental for determiner retrieval, suggesting a noncompetitive mechanism of closed-class word selection. (Contains 11 tables, 3 figures, and 9 footnotes.)

Introduction: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with a significant disease burden in France, where alcohol use is deeply rooted in culture. However, the treatment gap is large because of several barriers, including stigmatisation and drinkers' apprehension about total abstinence. However, standardised and evidence‐based interventions based on controlled‐drinking for people with AUD are lacking. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a novel community‐based French therapeutic patient education (TPE) program for people with AUD named Choizitaconso. Methods: A before‐after non‐randomised quasi‐experimental study, named ETHER, was designed and implemented with people living with AUD, over a period of 6 months. The primary outcome was percentage change in the number of alcohol‐related harms experienced. Secondary outcomes were percentage changes in psycho‐social patient‐reported and community‐validated outcomes. Participants in the intervention group (n = 34) benefited from the 10‐week TPE program Choizitaconso, while the comparison group (n = 58) received standard care. The Kruskall–Wallis and chi‐squared or Fisher's exact tests were used to compare before‐after changes in variables in both groups. Linear regression models were used to test for the effect of study group on each outcome and to test for the effect of alcohol consumption as a confounder. Results: At 6 months, all outcomes but one either remained stable or numerically improved in both groups. Internalised stigma significantly improved in the intervention group (p = 0.026) but not in the comparison group (p = 0.207), with a significant group effect (p = 0.014). Discussion and Conclusions: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the Choizitaconso TPE program on community‐validated outcomes, especially internalised stigma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To respond to the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threat, public health entities implement policies aiming to reduce antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock systems, in which policy success and sustainability might be subject to the social acceptability of the novel regulatory environment. Therefore, consistent methods that gather and synthesize preferences of stakeholder groups are needed during the policy design. The objective of this study was to present a methodology for evaluating the acceptability of potential strategies to reduce AMU using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) using French dairy industry as a model. Preference-ranking organization methods for enrichment evaluations were applied to rank stakeholders' acceptance of four different potential AMU reduction strategies: 1. Baseline AMU regulations in France; 2. Total interdiction of AMU; 3. Interdiction of prophylaxis and metaphylaxis AMU; and 4. Subsidies to reduce AMU by 25%. A total of 15 stakeholders (consumers, n = 10; farmers, n = 2; public health representatives, n = 3) representing the French dairy sector and public health administration participated in the acceptance weighting of the strategies in relation with their impact on environmental, economic, social, and political criteria. We established a MCDA methodology and result-interpretation approach that can assist in prioritizing alternatives to cope with AMR in the French dairy industry or in other livestock systems. Our MCDA framework showed that consumers and public health representatives preferred alternatives that consider the restriction of AMU, whereas farmers preferred to maintain baseline policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines whether the consistent or inconsistent use of pitch labels during instruction in pitch terminology affected French kindergarten children's identification of pitch in the two chosen classes. Finds that the children who were taught one pair of terms provided significantly more correct verbal responses than did the group who learned two pairs of terms. (CMK)

Dromaeosaurids are poorly known in Europe and their fossil records are mostly postcranial remains. To date, the French faunal records of the family Dromaeosauridae include two taxa: Pyroraptor olympius and Variraptor mechinorum. Nevertheless, their taxonomic validity and phylogenetic relationships as dromaeosaurids are controversial. Here, we report a new record of a dromaeosaurid-like pedal ungual from the 'Grès à Reptiles' Formation (Campanian-Maastrichtian) of the Upper Cretaceous of southern France. The French specimen was assigned to cf. Dromaeosauridae on the basis of an extensive qualitative analysis. The new specimen has a strongly curved morphology with a tall, narrow cross-section, which is one of the most characteristic anatomical features of the family. Direct comparison reveals that the claw is similar to that of Pyroraptor olympius (MNHN BO001) from a stratigraphically correlated locality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Contaminated drinking and recreational waters account for most of the reported Cryptosporidium spp. exposures in high-income countries. In June 2017, two successive cryptosporidiosis outbreaks occurred among service members in a military training camp located in Southwest France. Several other gastroenteritis outbreaks were previously reported in this camp, all among trainees in the days following their arrival, without any causative pathogen identification. Epidemiological, microbiological and environmental investigations were carried out to explain theses outbreaks. Material and methods: Syndromic diagnosis using multiplex PCR was used for stool testing. Water samples (100 L) were collected at 10 points of the drinking water installations and enumeration of Cryptosporidium oocysts performed. The identification of Cryptosporidium species was performed using real-time 18S SSU rRNA PCR and confirmed by GP60 sequencing. Results: A total of 100 human cases were reported with a global attack rate of 27.8%. Cryptosporidium spp. was identified in 93% of stool samples with syndromic multiplex PCR. The entire drinking water network was contaminated with Cryptosporidium spp. The highest level of contamination was found in groundwater and in the water leaving the treatment plant, with >1,000 oocysts per 100 L. The same Cryptosporidium hominis isolate subtype IbA10G2 was identified in patients' stool and water samples. Several polluting activities were identified within the protection perimeters of the water resource. An additional ultrafiltration module was installed at the outlet of the water treatment plant. After several weeks, no Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in the public water supply. Conclusions: After successive and unexplained gastroenteritis outbreaks, this investigation confirmed a waterborne outbreak due to Cryptosporidium hominis subtype IbA10G2. Our study demonstrates the value of syndromic diagnosis for gastroenteritis outbreak investigation. Our results also highlight the importance of better assessing the microbiological risk associated with raw water and the need for sensitive and easy-to-implement tools for parasite detection. Author summary: Cryptosporidiosis remains a neglected infectious disease, even in high-income countries. Most of the reported cases and outbreaks are related to drinking water and recreational water contaminated with Cryptosporidium spp. In Europe, the search for Cryptosporidium spp. and other parasites in stool or water samples is not routinely performed by laboratories, especially in the absence of dedicated national guidance on testing. In France, cryptosporidiosis is not a notifiable disease. In order to better assess the pathogens involved in foodborne and waterborne disease outbreaks a new outbreak investigation strategy was implemented in the French Armed Forces including: systematic stool sampling, routine syndromic multiplex PCR diagnoses, and pathogens genotyping. After several unexplained gastroenteritis outbreaks in a military camp in France, we identified the same C. hominis IbA10G2 isolate in the stools of patients and in the entire water distribution network. The highest levels of contamination were found in groundwater and in the water leaving the treatment plant. Our study demonstrates the value of syndromic diagnosis for gastroenteritis outbreaks investigation and highlights the importance of better assessing the microbiological risks associated with raw water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim: Iron deficiency is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in older adults. However, data on its prevalence and incidence among older adults is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and incidence of iron deficiency in European community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 70 years. Methods: Secondary analysis of the DO-HEALTH trial, a 3-year clinical trial including 2157 community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 70 years from Austria, France, Germany, Portugal and Switzerland. Iron deficiency was defined as soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) > 28.1 nmol/L. Prevalence and incidence rate (IR) of iron deficiency per 100 person-years were examined overall and stratified by sex, age group, and country. Sensitivity analysis for three commonly used definitions of iron deficiency (ferritin < 45 μg/L, ferritin < 30 μg/L, and sTfR–ferritin index > 1.5) were also performed. Results: Out of 2157 participants, 2141 had sTfR measured at baseline (mean age 74.9 years; 61.5% women). The prevalence of iron deficiency at baseline was 26.8%, and did not differ by sex, but by age (35.6% in age group ≥ 80, 29.3% in age group 75–79, 23.2% in age group 70–74); P < 0.0001) and country (P = 0.02), with the highest prevalence in Portugal (34.5%) and the lowest in France (24.4%). As for the other definitions of iron deficiency, the prevalence ranged from 4.2% for ferritin < 30 µg/L to 35.3% for sTfR–ferritin index > 1.5. Occurrences of iron deficiency were observed with IR per 100 person-years of 9.2 (95% CI 8.3–10.1) and did not significantly differ by sex or age group. The highest IR per 100 person-years was observed in Austria (20.8, 95% CI 16.1–26.9), the lowest in Germany (6.1, 95% CI 4.7–8.0). Regarding the other definitions of iron deficiency, the IR per 100 person-years was 4.5 (95% CI 4.0–4.9) for ferritin < 45 µg/L, 2.4 (95% CI 2.2–2.7) for ferritin < 30 µg/L, and 12.2 (95% CI 11.0–13.5) for sTfR–ferritin index > 1.5. Conclusions: Iron deficiency is frequent among relatively healthy European older adults, with people aged ≥ 80 years and residence in Austria and Portugal associated with the highest risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to explore photography as a way of problematizing urban phenomena? Is it possible to use different aesthetic concepts, in photography, to expand the dialogue with cities? These two questions guide the photographic research developed as part of the project, "Highrise Living and the Inclusive City", with a focus in São Paulo / Brazil and Lyon / France. The first question highlights the territory and the production of capitalist urban space by photography realized in fieldwork. The second one involves editing and re-elaborating the images, considering the approximation between the research project, local records and photography aesthetic. The High-Rise Project, on the other hand, discusses the contemporary verticalization process and its spatial and social implications in Sao Paulo city, considering a contextual (São Paulo, Lyon) and multiscale analysis model, while incorporating different reading strategies and territory interpretation. The field study, initially organized as a team, resulted in different materials, including the photographic one, from which discussion and editing meetings were conducted by this researcher, considering possibilities for language experiments in interaction with the territory. The series and photographic montages realized allowed a reflection about the relationship between public spaces and paths capturing a specific ambience to the places; and, also, exploring different comparative strategies that highlight, in the four distinct regions, intense landscape transformation due to verticalization. On the other hand, these photographic setting acquire a relative autonomy in relation to the original project, being placed on the edge of applicated use of image and esthetic research with its own characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: ETHER ("Education THEérapeutique pour la Réduction des dommages en alcoologie" or Therapeutic education for alcohol-related harm reduction) is a multicentre community-based mixed-methods study, which aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the innovative therapeutic patient education (TPE) programme 'Choizitaconso' in a sample of French people with alcohol use disorder (people with AUD). Choizitaconso teaches people with AUD psychosocial skills to help them (re)establish controlled drinking and reduce alcohol-related harms. Recruitment started in October 2019. We present here the protocol of the ETHER study. Methods: ETHER's quantitative component involves a 6-month controlled intervention study which evaluates Choizitaconso's effectiveness by comparing 30 people with AUD following the programme with a control group of 60 people with AUD not enrolled in it, using a questionnaire co-constructed by the research team and members of the people with AUD community. Thirty-four alcohol-related harms are assessed and summed to provide an individual measure of the 'harm burden' from consuming alcohol (primary outcome). Secondary outcomes are anticipated and internalized stigma, alcohol consumption measures, craving for alcohol, coping strategies, health-related quality of life, self-confidence to control or abstain from drinking, treatment self-regulation, anxiety and depressive symptoms, alcohol-related neuropsychological impairments, and capabilities (a measure of wellbeing in adults). Data will be collected in face-to-face and phone-based interviews at enrolment and 6 months later. Linear regression models will be used to assess the impact of the TPE programme on changes in the primary and secondary outcomes, while adjusting for other correlates and confounders. The study's qualitative component comprises semi-structured interviews with 16 people with AUD who have already completed the TPE programme at least 6 months before the interview. Qualitative interviews will be analysed using thematic analysis. Results and conclusions: ETHER is the first evaluation study of an innovative TPE programme specifically designed to reduce alcohol-related harms and reach controlled drinking in France. The involvement of the people with AUD community in selecting which experienced and perceived alcohol-related harms to measure ensures that ETHER will provide healthcare staff and researchers with a relevant set of harm reduction criteria for use in future research. Finally, ETHER will provide scientific justification for implementing novel alcohol-related harm reduction approaches and champion controlled drinking as a therapeutic goal. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03954054. Registered 17 May 2019—Prospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03954054?cond=alcohol&cntry=FR&city=Marseille&draw=1&rank=1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Type 2N von Willebrand disease (VWD) is characterized by a decreased affinity of von Willebrand factor (VWF) for factor VIII (FVIII). Abnormal binding of FVIII to VWF (VWF:FVIIIB), results in low FVIII plasma levels, which can lead to a misdiagnosis of mild haemophilia A. Accurate diagnosis of type 2N VWD is essential for appropriate genetic counselling and therapy. This disease can be distinguished from haemophilia A by in vitro assays (measurement VWF:FVIIIB activity) and/or genetic analysis. Aim: To identify the current challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of this type of VWD and provide an in‐depth description of the phenotypes and mutations identified. Results: Twenty‐eight patients had at least one type 2N mutation, and 13 of these had a type 2N mutation combined with other variations. Three type 2N mutations were detected: p.Arg816Trp, p.Arg854Gln, and p.Arg763Ser. Two of these are the most frequently described mutations worldwide. This mutational spectrum differs from the broad spectrum seen in neighbouring France, where at least eight distinct 2N mutations have been found. In the PCM‐EVW‐ES cohort, 11 asymptomatic type 2N carriers with borderline FVIII plasma levels would probably have been excluded if the evaluation had been based on clinical and laboratory data only. Likewise, three patients with a severe phenotype would have been classified as homozygous for a 2N mutation if only the phenotype study had been performed. Conclusion: The high detection yield and affordability of next‐generation sequencing support the use of this technology as a first‐line diagnostic tool in this setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Changes in haematological values occur during the reproductive cycle. In veterinary swine practice, haematological reference intervals for this period are scarce. Over past decades, there has been a remarkable increase in reproductive prolificacy, possibly making previously established haematological reference intervals for sows outdated. Objectives: The aim of this study was to provide updated haematological reference intervals for sows at end-gestation, to study the influence of parity on those haematological parameters and to evaluate the impact of haemoglobin levels on production performance. Methods: The data presented in this article were obtained using blood samples from 198 apparently healthy and conventionally managed group-housed sows at end-gestation from ten breeding herds located in France. The samples were analysed for haematological variables using impedance technique on Horiba ABX analyser (Horiba, Kyoto, Japan). The reference intervals were calculated according to the guidelines of The American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology using SUMMARY procedure in R Studio. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) models were used to evaluate the influence of parity on each haematological parameter and the impact of haemoglobin values on production performances at farrowing. Differences were considered as significant if p < 0.05. Results: Reference intervals produced in this study were similar to previously published references but we noticed marked differences in white blood cell values. The study of the impact of parity revealed significant changes for gilts and parity 5 + sows regarding haematological values. Gilts had higher red and white blood cells counts, haemoglobin values and haematocrit values. Regarding haemoglobin values, the higher the number of liveborn and weaned piglets per litter, the lower the haemoglobin value at end-gestation. For sows of fifth or higher gestation, we found that the higher the percentage of stillborn piglets, the lower the haemoglobin value at end-gestation. Conclusions: This study provides haematological reference intervals for sows at end-gestation. These will be useful for swine veterinarians and researchers for a better understanding of the influence of parity on haematological parameters and haemoglobin values and their relation to reproductive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enfermagem em Foco is the property of Conselho Federal de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We report a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variant derived from clade 19B (HMN.19B variant or Henri Mondor variant). This variant is characterized by the presence of 18 amino acid substitutions, including 7-8 substitutions in the spike protein and 2 deletions. These variants actively circulate in different regions of France. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the face of protracted stagnation following the global financial crisis, democratic governments who remain committed to neoliberalism are still required to secure popular support for their programmes. This article evaluates how this dilemma has presaged a shift in the relationship between governmental attempts to maintain neoliberal legitimacy and the imposition of authoritarian reforms. We argue that, in the aftermath of the 2015 refugee crisis, this shift has consisted of the elevation of home affairs policy and the advance of a 'mutated' politics of legitimation characterised by explicit forms of 'othering' and hostility towards the wider political system. Drawing on the examples of the UK and France, we show how this deepening authoritarianism has manifested along two interconnected axes: (1) increased police powers and suppression of protests and civil liberties; (2) enhanced border security and restrictions on citizenship. Contributing to scholarship on authoritarian neoliberalism, we argue that this elevation of home affairs not only augurs the intensification of authoritarianism, but also reveals how governments have utilised popular resistance to authoritarian reforms to generate new forms of reactionary 'consent'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess the performance of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for achondroplasia using high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis, and to propose an optimal diagnostic strategy combining ultrasound examination and cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) analysis.Methods: In this prospective multicenter study, cffDNA was extracted from blood of pregnant women at risk for fetal achondroplasia (owing to paternal achondroplasia, previous affected child or suspected rhizomelic shortening) and of pregnant low-risk controls. The presence of either one of the two main fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene (FGFR3) mutations was determined using HRM combined with confirmation by SNaPshot minisequencing. Results were compared with phenotypes obtained using three-dimensional computed tomography or postnatal examination, and/or molecular diagnosis by an invasive procedure. Fetal biometry (head circumference and femur length) was analyzed in order to develop a strategy in which cffDNA analysis for diagnosis of achondroplasia is offered only in selected cases.Results: Eighty-six blood samples from women at risk for fetal achondroplasia and 65 from controls were collected. The overall sensitivity and specificity of NIPT were 1.00 (95% CI, 0.87-1.00) and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.96-1.00), respectively. Critical reduction in femur length of affected fetuses could be observed from 26 weeks' gestation.Conclusions: HRM combined with SNaPshot minisequencing is a reliable method for NIPT for achondroplasia. Its implementation in routine clinical care combined with ultrasonography is an efficient strategy for the non-invasive diagnosis of achondroplasia. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to realize a regional scale 3D geological model (3D-GM) of the Pays d'Auge Plateau (PAP), in Normandy, France, leading to the study of the Vaches Noires Cliffs (VNCs), a local coastal site. A 3D-GM is built using a 3D implicit method based on the integration of surface geology, cross sections, and elevation data. The geometry of the geological layers is characterized, leading to an estimation of the volume of each geological unit and of the water resource within the Cretaceous aquifer of the study site. A hydrogeological model of the VNCs is proposed and the role of clayey soils on the erosive process of the cliffs is considered. Lastly, potential applications of 3D-GM are discussed in the framework of further researches on coastal retreat in Normandy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In France, polypharmacy among older people living in nursing homes (NH) is a major public health concern. In this context, the randomized controlled trial TEM-EHPAD was recently launched in various NH in southern France to evaluate the impact of implementing a novel telemedication review (TMR) on hospital admission rates of NH residents at high risk of iatrogenic disease. A qualitative study was integrated into the main trial study to assess general practitioners' (GP) and other NH healthcare professionals' (HP) acceptability of the proposed TMR before its implementation. Material and Methods: A qualitative study using face-to-face semi-structured interviews was conducted with 16 HP before the beginning of the intervention. A manual thematic analysis was performed on the transcribed interviews. Results: Four main themes emerged from the thematic analysis: HP perceptions of the TMR, difficulties related to medication management for NH residents, HP perceptions of the roles of different professionals, and facilitators of good practices. Most participants were favorable to the TMR, but some GP expressed fears about loss of control over their prescription writing. Conclusion: This study fulfilled its objective to assess pre-intervention acceptability by GP and other HP. Results provided important information about how to adapt the TMR intervention to make it more acceptable to HP who will be involved in TEM-EHPAD. One of the main recommendations is the importance of providing participating GP with the opportunity to take part in the process of reviewing prescriptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: We aimed to provide contemporary real-world data on wearable cardioverter-defibrillator (WCD) use, not only in terms of effectiveness and safety but also compliance and acceptability.Methods and Results: Across 88 French centres, the WEARIT-France study enrolled retrospectively patients who used the WCD between May 2014 and December 2016, and prospectively all patients equipped for WCD therapy between January 2017 and March 2018. All patients received systematic education session through a standardized programme across France at the time of initiation of WCD therapy and were systematically enrolled in the LifeVest Network remote services. Overall, 1157 patients were included (mean age 60 ± 12 years, 16% women; 46% prospectively): 82.1% with ischaemic cardiomyopathy, 10.3% after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator explant, and 7.6% before heart transplantation. Median WCD usage period was 62 (37-97) days. Median daily wear time of WCD was 23.4 (22.2-23.8) h. In multivariate analysis, younger age was associated with lower compliance [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95-0.99, P < 0.01]. A total of 18 participants (1.6%) received at least one appropriate shock, giving an incidence of appropriate therapy of 7.2 per 100 patient-years. Patient-response button allowed the shock to be aborted in 35.7% of well-tolerated sustained ventricular arrhythmias and in 95.4% of inappropriate ventricular arrhythmia detection, finally resulting in an inappropriate therapy in eight patients (0.7%).Conclusion: Our real-life findings reinforce previous studies on the efficacy and safety of the WCD in the setting of transient high-risk group in selected patients. Moreover, they emphasize the fact that when prescribed appropriately, in concert with adequate patient education and dedicated follow-up using specific remote monitoring system, compliance with WCD is high and the device well-tolerated by the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Movements of livestock across the Member States is monitored using the Trade Control and Expert System (TRACES), a web-based veterinarian certification tool. This study aimed to evaluate the criticalities of this tracing system and the most frequent non-conformities in their compilation. TRACES of cattle (n = 320) departed from France and arriving or transiting across Puglia (Italy) in 2019 (n = 199) and 2020 (n = 121) were analysed. The distribution arriving in Italy and Greece did not vary between the 2 years. The majority of the bovine (53.4%) were medium-sized cattle transported for fattening with a median body weight of 410 kg. However, almost half of the TRACES did not report correctly the total expected loaded weight or the available space, so for them, it was impossible to calculate and double-check whether the minimal space allowance was respected. Long journeys must include a resting stop after the first 14 h, however, 20.9% of the examined and declared stops did not comply with it. Finally, comparing the expected declared journey duration with a calculated one (dividing travel distance by an average speed of 70 km/h, adding 1 h for loading and unloading, and 1 h or 24 h for resting stops), we found that only 30.6% of the journey durations were congruent. The irregularities resulted associated with consignors and transporters (p <.05). Overall, the proportion of mistakes and non-compliance suggest that there is a need to improve the current practice to enhance animal welfare during transportation. TRACES (n = 320) of cattle transported from France in 2019 and 2022 were analysed. Almost half of the TRACES were not filled correctly. TRACES should be implemented and double-checked carefully to ensure animal welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal artifacts, constituting hoards, were deliberately abandoned for various reasons. In order to study hoards, an interdisciplinary, mainly metallic, database was created as part of the DEPOMETAL research program, and work on elemental compositions of copper-based artifacts was carried out on a national scale. A statistical protocol allowing chronological and geographical clustering of artifacts was developed and combined with a Geographic Information System (GIS) to characterize elemental compositions. For the period between 1350 and 1150 BCE, elemental compositions differ significantly between East and West France. Between 1150 and 950 BCE, there is a strong influence from the Alpine culture up to the mid-western part of France. This observation highlights relationships already observed for previous periods, but never demonstrated for this one. Between 950 and 800 BCE, the difference with the previous period is the revival of the Atlantic networks in mid west France. The study offers a new perspective on supply networks for the end of the Bronze Age in France. The cultural, and therefore identity defining, factors strongly influenced supply networks and also influenced the location of exploited deposits. This conclusion is innovative in the case of the Atlantic coast, which is often still presented as copper-free and dependent on alpine imports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a methodology to fusion 3D visible and thermal infrared (TIR) information on a coastal landslide area located in Normandy, France. A reflex and TIR camera on-board an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle are utilized to generate a 3D visible and a thermal model using Photogrammetry. A Python-written algorithm is then used to associate the thermal scalar on the TIR model to the closest point on the visible point cloud, before applying α-blending to ease the visualization of both data sets. This methodology leads to the generation of an integrated 3D thermo-visible model, allowing the direct analysis of the surface temperatures, visible data and geometric configuration of the landslide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first liberal experience in Portugal was the result of a military revolution, and although it did not result in a military-type regime, the army remained as the effective assurer of the new situation that prevailed. In this article the various dimensions of the armed force are identified in the political system and in society during that period. The prospect of resizing the state called for a smaller army. Recruitment was avoided due to its unpopularity. The first months of 1823 reveal that the army officers were not willing to follow their orders to intervene in the crisis created by the invasion of liberal Spain by French forces of the Restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal environment with high interaction between nature and societies is subject to multi-hazard interaction such as landslides, flood or cliff retreat. These territories are characterized by numerous elements at risk located in valley bottoms, front sea or at the outlets of small dry watershed. The aim is to quantify the potential consequences of EaR by integrating multiple hazards exposure at various scale analyses. To quantify the element at risk, three steps have been required. First, an initial rank has been attributed to each class of element at risk at three different scales analysis. Second, the potential consequences are weighted according to environmental dimension. Third, the consequences are combined with a linear combination of criteria in GIS environment. At medium-scale analysis, element at risk highlighted is built-up areas, national road, railway, lifeline and urban centers. At large-scale analysis, consequences concern any kind of house, apartment and complex located on multiple exposure areas. At local scale, consequences concern buildings located on multiple exposure areas with one floor in mixed materials and built after 1980. Thus, this method proposes an approach with multiple scales analysis and by integrating multiple exposure areas to quantify potential consequences. With the environmental dimension in element at risk analysis, it is an intermediate step to traditional risk analysis and, more specifically multirisk analysis without considering in this case the spatial and temporal dimension of hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of social coping among students with gifts and talents (SWGT) is not well understood. In interviews with elementary-, middle-, and high-school aged SWGT (N = 90; 50% female) from the United States, United Kingdom, South Korea, Ireland, and France, the universality of awareness of visibility of their exceptional abilities, high expectations and pressure to achieve from adults and peers, and peer jealousy and rejection, was confirmed. In all countries, SWGT were concerned about peers' upward social comparison and the effects of their outperformance on peers' feelings. SWGT attempted to hide their abilities or conform to peers' behaviors. Prosocial helping behaviors were found among SWGT in nearly all age groups and a focus on the self was a useful coping strategy to students in all countries except France. Parallels are drawn between these findings and stigma theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Intellectual disability (ID) is frequently associated as a comorbidity in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This study investigated a) how similar the heterogeneity in the cognitive and socio-emotional developmental profiles was for children with ASD and ID, b) the difference between the subjects' profiles and those of typically developing children (TD) matched for developmental levels, c) the skills existing with the lowest and highest developmental levels, and d) the relationship between developmental profiles in ASD and the severity of autism, ID, and the overall developmental level. Participants: The sample was comprised of 119 children (101 boys and 18 girls) who ranged in chronological age (CA) from 21 months to 14 years (M = 5 years 2 months; SD = 2 years 6 months) with developmental levels lower than 24 months. They came from three countries (France = 40, Brazil = 40, and Algeria = 39). The control group was comprised of 40 TD children from these same countries who ranged in CA from 4 to 24 months (M = 1 year 3 months; SD = 5 months). The ASD diagnosis was carried out according to International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-10th Edition (ICD-10), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5th ed (DSM-5) criteria and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Measures: Children were tested using the Social Cognitive Evaluation Battery (SCEB; Adrien, 2007) by trained psychologists from public and private institutions specialized in the diagnosis of autism and interventions in this field. The SCEB explores 16 functional abilities, in both cognitive and socio-emotional areas, and allows the calculation of domain and area developmental levels and heterogeneity indices for the global, cognitive, and socio-emotional areas. Results: Children with ASD developmental profiles show very high heterogeneity as opposed to TD children. Regardless of the country of origin, there are similarities between the heterogeneous cognitive and socio-emotional developmental profiles of the children with ASD, whose profiles are characterized by lower developmental levels of language and vocal imitation skills, and a relationship between these developmental heterogeneities and the degree of severity of autistic symptomatology, intellectual disability, and overall development level. The implications of this study are presented for clinical assessment and intervention purposes in ASD and ID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcohol use disorders (AUD) is a major public health concern. General practitioners (GP) must play a key role in identifying this disorder and offering appropriate interventions. The authors conducted a survey among French GP in the Provence - Alpes - Côte-d'Azur (PACA) region to better understand their practices regarding AUD. Random sampling was used to enrol 101 GP in a 15-minute survey. A Computer-Assisted Telephone Interview exploring demographic and professional characteristics was conducted using a questionnaire. One third (31.7%) of the participants systematically addressed alcohol use with their patients whereas six (5.9%) never addressed it. Logistic regression analyses showed that after adjustment for the number of AUD patients followed up (odds ratio [OR] = 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.19, 3.08]) and GP interest in addiction medicine (5.41 [2.17, 13.40]), GP who systematically screened patients for AUD were more likely to accept controlled drinking as a therapeutic goal (5.41 [2.17, 13.33]), and to perceive patient denial of AUD as a major barrier to care (1.39 [0.60, 3.22]). GP providing care for AUD were more likely to monitor tobacco cessation (9.08 [2.60, 31.64]) and to prescribe opioid maintenance treatment (7.35 [2.52, 21.41]). Alcohol screening is insufficient in general practice in France. Providing updated guidelines is essential to foster experience in this field among GP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deltas are important coastal sediment accumulation zones in both marine and lacustrine settings. However, currents derived from tides, waves or rivers can transfer that sediment into distal, deep environments, connecting terrestrial and deep marine depozones. The sediment transfer system of the Rhone River in Lake Geneva is composed of a sublacustrine delta, a deeply incised canyon and a distal lobe, which resembles, at a smaller scale, deep‐sea fan systems fed by high discharge rivers. From the comparison of two bathymetric datasets, collected in 1891 and 2014, a sediment budget was calculated for eastern Lake Geneva, based on which sediment distribution patterns were defined. During the past 125 years, sediment deposition occurred mostly in three high sedimentation rate areas: the proximal delta front, the canyon‐levée system and the distal lobe. Mean sedimentation rates in these areas vary from 0·0246 m year−1 (distal lobe) to 0·0737 m year−1 (delta front). Although the delta front–levées–distal lobe complex only comprises 17·0% of the analysed area, it stored 74·9% of the total deposited sediment. Results show that 52·5% of the total sediment stored in this complex was transported toward distal locations through the sublacustrine canyon. Namely, the canyon–levée complex stored 15·9% of the total sediment, while 36·6% was deposited in the distal lobe. The results thus show that in deltaic systems where density currents can occur regularly, a significant proportion of riverine sediment input may be transferred to the canyon‐lobe systems leading to important distal sediment accumulation zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the construction models of Brazil's imaginary in the fictional writings present in the French press of the late 19th century, the image of this country that is given, by this bias, to the French and how it is used in France. The image of Brazil is the contrary of that of France, a « nature country », inhabited by savages, slaves and rastaquouères, where nature is admired for its unexploited richness, and feared for its dangerousness. To establish it, these writings use the concept of exoticism, part of the European discourse of the New World since the 16th century. This concept is also renewed by contemporary ideologies: nationalism and colonialism. These writings validate, thereby, the imperial French enterprises, given that this country is painted as the only one capable of exploiting the « virgin » areas. And the negative image of Brazilian people promote, in opposition, that of the French. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Outras Fronteiras is the property of Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Outras Fronteiras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Roger de Piles (1638-1709) adopted the dialogical form both in Dialogue sur le coloris (1673) and in Conversations sur la connoissance de la Peinture et sur le jugement qu'on doit faire des tableaux (1677). The dialectical character of the genre, the choice of French and the disuse of the Latin language, the conscious recovery of historiographic models of the past, including Italian ones, the use of digressions, the semantic distinction between couleur et coloris, the weight offered to the reader/ viewer make Roger de Piles a master of "intellectual conversation". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryptosporidiosis is a common disease in children and immunodeficient individuals. In 2006, a national network was set up on the surveillance of human cryptosporidiosis in France. Since January 2015, the 41 tertiary care hospitals and the 3 private laboratories of the French National Network on the surveillance of human cryptosporidiosis have been able to declare confirmed cases of cryptosporidiosis online. Between 2015 and 2017, 210 cases of cryptosporidiosis were declared in immunodeficient patients in France; Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis represented 66% and 22% of cases, respectively. A peak was observed in autumn. Cryptosporidiosis occurred mainly in a context of solid organ transplantation (SOT) (49%) and of HIV infection (30%). In SOT recipients, cryptosporidiosis appeared more frequently in the first 6 months post transplantation. Regarding cases declared in SOT recipients, mycophenolate mofetil was used in 68%. A mortality rate of 6% was observed. Present results underline the importance of screening for cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients suffering from diarrhea, especially in the course of major cell mediated immunodeficiency or even systematic screening before SOT. Exclusive Cryptosporidium free water feeding could be suggested during major cell mediated immunodeficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical cancer is the 11th most common cancer among women. It is mainly due to an infection by a virus from the human Papillomavirus (HPV) family. They cause the most common sexually transmitted infection, and it is estimated that some 80 % of women will experience HPV during their sex life. In France, the prevention of precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions is based on vaccination AND cervical cervix screening for all women aged 25 to 65. This vaccination is recommended for all girls aged 11 to 14 (schema 2 injections) with a possible catch up until age 19 (schema 3 injections). It prevents about 70% of the infections (90% with Gardasil 9®) involved in cervical cancer and significantly reduces pre-cancerous lesions. The most frequently reported adverse events are benign reactions and should not compromise the benefit-risk balance of this vaccination. In France, vaccination coverage is insufficient and all health professionals must commit to achieve the expected preventive efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]