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Background Our purpose was to determine the prevalence of specific types of CHD among non-Hispanic (NH)-Black, NH-White, and Hispanic infants. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study with 9,352 singleton infants diagnosed with conotruncal, right or left obstructive or septal CHDs from the Florida Birth Defects Registry, born 1998–2003 to resident NH-White, NH-Black, and Hispanic women aged 15–49. Defect-specific prevalence rates, prevalence ratios and P-values were calculated for each type of CHD and by number of defects for each racial/ethnic group. Results Compared to NH-Whites, NH-Blacks had higher rates of pulmonary valve atresia/stenosis but lower frequency of aortic valve atresia/stenosis and ventricular septal defect. Hispanics had lower rates of aortic valve atresia/stenosis and atrioventricular septal defects than NH-Whites. Conclusions Although few racial/ethnic differences in prevalence are present among infants with major CHD, observed differences are clinically meaningful. However, the underlying etiologies for the observed differences remain unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the prevalence of major congenital heart defects (CHD) by ethnicity and sex., Study Design: Data from the Florida Birth Defects Registry was used to conduct a retrospective cohort study with 8029 singleton infants with 11 CHDs born 1998-2003 to resident non-Hispanic (NH) white, NH-black, and Hispanic women aged 15 to 49. Defect-specific prevalence rates, ratios, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Poisson regression was used to calculate adjusted ethnic-specific rate ratios (RR) for each CHD. Statistical significance was P < .0001., Results: Compared with NH-whites, NH-black males had significantly increased rates of pulmonary valve atresia/stenosis (RR = 1.66) but lower prevalence of aortic valve atresia/stenosis (RR = 0.33) and ventricular septal defect (VSD; RR = 0.78). Hispanic males had lower rates of aortic valve atresia/stenosis (RR = 0.28), coarctation of the aorta (RR = 0.61) and VSD (RR = 0.79). NH-black females had statistically significantly lower rates of VSD (RR = 0.75), and Hispanic females had lower rates of tetralogy of Fallot (RR = 0.54), VSD (RR = 0.84) and atrioventricular septal defects (RR = 0.53) compared with NH-whites., Conclusions: We found differences in ethnic susceptibilities to CHD by sex, but the cause remains unclear., (Copyright 2010 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Infants with CHDs have increased risk of preterm birth (PTB) compared to infants without birth defects. Although non-Hispanic (NH) Blacks are more likely to be born preterm and Hispanics have rates similar to those of PTB to NH-Whites, it is unknown if this pattern is present for infants with specific types of CHDs. Our intent was to determine if defect-specific risk of PTB varies by maternal race/ethnicity among infants with CHDs. We conducted a retrospective cohort study with 14,888 singleton infants from the Florida Birth Defects Registry, born in 1998-2003 to resident NH-White, NH-Black, and Hispanic women aged 15-49, diagnosed with 11 CHDs. Covariates were taken from Florida live birth certificates. PTB was defined as 20-36 weeks of gestation. Odds ratios (OR) and P-values were calculated from defect-specific multivariable logistic regression models; statistical significance was set at P < 0.002. The greatest risk of PTB was for NH-Black infants with conotruncal CHDs. NH-Blacks with common truncus, transposition of the great vessels, and tetralogy of Fallot had increased risk of PTB compared to NH-Whites (OR = 4.8, P = 0.015; OR = 3.1, P = 0.004; and OR = 2.0, P = 0.005, respectively). Hispanics with conotruncal CHDs had almost a twofold risk of PTB compared to NH-Whites (P > 0.002). NH-Blacks with tricuspid valve atresia/stenosis had 4.1 times (P = 0.034) and Hispanics had 2.1 times (P = 0.314) the risk for PTB compared to NH-Whites. NH-Blacks with hypoplastic left heart syndrome had 2.0 times (P = 0.047) the risk for PTB as NH-Whites. Both NH-Black and Hispanic infants with CHDs may be at increased risk of PTB, depending on the type of CHD, but the etiology is unknown. Future research is needed to further examine this complex relationship.

Purpose: Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most prevalent birth defects. Infants with CHDs more often are small-for-gestational age (SGA) than infants without CHD; however, little is known about racial/ethnic variations in prevalence of SGA or large-for-gestational age (LGA) for infants born with CHDs. This study determined the risk of SGA and LGA for non-Hispanic (NH)-black and Hispanic infants with CHDs., Methods: Data from the Florida Birth Defects Registry were used in a retrospective cohort study of 10,027 live-born infants to resident NH-White, NH-Black, and Hispanic women ages 15-49 years from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2003, and diagnosed with 11 CHDs. Defect-specific odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed for risk of SGA and LGA by race/ethnicity and adjusted for covariates using multinomial logistic regression., Results: After adjusting for covariates, we found there were no statistically significant racial/ethnic differences in risk of SGA. However, NH-Blacks with ventricular septal defect had increased risk of LGA and NH-Blacks with tetralogy of Fallot had decreased risk of LGA compared to NH-Whites., Conclusions: Very few racial/ethnic differences in fetal growth are present among infants with CHD. Further elucidation of the factors involved in fetal growth and the impact of CHD itself on fetal development is needed.