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Products from peanut seeds are nutritious for human and/or animal consumption. Peanut seed nutritional quality is determined by the genotype (G) of cultivars or accessions, environmental conditions (E), and their interactions (G × E). To evaluate the effects of genotype, environment, and their interactions on seed nutritional quality, 52 peanut germplasm accessions, which vary in oil content and fatty acid composition, were planted at three locations (Citra, FL; Byron, GA; and Clovis, NM) for 2 years (2017 and 2018). The harvested seeds were analyzed for protein, oil, and fatty acid composition using an N analyzer, nuclear magnetic resonance, and gas chromatography, respectively. Significant effects of accession, FAD2 gene, where FAD is fatty acid desaturase, location, year, and their interactions on the investigated traits were evaluated. The average oil content from accessions grown in Florida (51.1%) or Georgia (50.7%) was significantly higher than those grown in New Mexico (45.8%), whereas the average protein content from accessions grown in Florida (23.2%) was significantly lower than those grown in New Mexico (25.4%) or Georgia (24.8%). This is expected as there is a negative correlation between oil and protein content. After genotyping and classification (A/A, A/W, and G/W) for the FAD2A/FAD2B genes, the nutritional quality variations were further evaluated at the levels of the specific haplotype of FAD2A/FAD2B and explicit environmental index. The average prediction accuracy of seed nutritional quality trait values from the prediction model demonstrated that predicting trait values in new environments is feasible. The results of this study provide insights into the seed nutritional analysis, germplasm evaluation, and peanut breeding, cultivation, and production to peanut breeders, curators, farmers, and product processors. Core Ideas: Genotype, environment, and their interactions affect peanut seed nutritional quality.The FAD2A/FAD2B gene (F) effect significantly alters seed fatty acid composition.Location (L) effect significantly changes seed oil and protein content.Photothermal time may be a good parameter for representing the growing location environmental conditions for data analysis.Recommendation was given to farmers and processors on how to cultivate the right peanut varieties and purchase the right seeds from specific regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 3 are the major allergens found in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seed. We analyzed 60 accessions in the core of the U.S. peanut core collection, along with 88 Florida peanut breeding program lines, by quantification of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) patterns. The core of the core collection showed a wider range of allergen content than the Florida breeding lines; however, average levels of the allergens were the same for both germplasm sources. Geographic origin of the accession had no bearing on the levels of allergens measured. The accession P1 288210 from India had the lowest level of Ara h 1 (7.0%). Accession Pt 372305 from Nigeria had the highest level of Ara h 1 (18.5%), but the lowest level of Ara h 2 (6.2%). Accession P1 494795 from Zambia had the highest level of Ara h 2 (13.2%), but the lowest level of Ara h 3 (21.8%). Null mutants for the major allergens were not detected; however, two accessions, 20 lines, and two peanut cultivars (Florunner and Georgia Red) contained no or little of a 36 kDa Ara h 3 isoform, Ara h 3-im. Comparing the seed protein profiles of the putative progenitors of the peanut A and B genomes, A. duranensis and A. ipaensis, respectively, to the commercial cultivar Georgia Green, allowed the subgenome origin of each allergen polypeptide to be determined. Collectively, these results indicate that eliminating all of the major allergens to create a hypoallergenic peanut is limited with the peanut germplasm currently available and would benefit from reverse genetic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides an overview of the registration of Carver peanut cultivar, which was developed at the University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station and was approved for release in 2002. The variety was derived from a 1990 cross made in 1990 between the breeding lines of OKFH15 and NC3033, and tested experimentally as UF97102 or 90x7-1-5-1-b2-B. It originated from a breed of Okrun and has Florunner as a parent. Details on yield and agronomic traits, breeding conditions and method, maintenance, and growth habits are presented.

The article provides an overview of the registration of Andru II peanut cultivar, which was developed by the University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station and was approved for release in 2002. The variety was derived from a 1990 cross made at the North Florida Research and Education center in Marianna, Florida. It originated from a breed of a sister line of Florunner and a component line of Early Bunch. Details on yield and agronomic traits, breeding conditions and method, maintenance, and growth habits are presented.

Reports on the production of 10 million pounds of SunOleic peanuts at the University of Florida in Gainesville as a result of a plant breeding program started in the 1980s. Fat and fatty acid content of the peanuts; Observance of drop in blood cholesterol level on postmenopausal women who included the peanuts in the diet.