36 results on '"Rose, R"'
Search Results
2. The effects of parental education on exercise behavior in childhood and youth: a study in Dutch and Finnish twins.
- Author
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Huppertz, C., Bartels, M., Geus, E. J. C., Beijsterveldt, C. E. M., Rose, R. J., Kaprio, J., and Silventoinen, K.
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EXERCISE ,HEALTH behavior in children ,LEISURE ,LONGITUDINAL method ,PARENTS ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,TWINS ,EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
Twin studies have estimated the relative contribution of genes and the environment to variance in exercise behavior and it is known that parental education positively affects exercise levels. This study investigates the role of parental education as a potential modifier of variance in exercise behavior from age 7 to 18 years. The study is based on large datasets from the Netherlands Twin Register ( NTR: N = 24 874 twins; surveys around the ages of 7, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 years) and two Finnish twin cohorts ( FinnTwin12: N = 4399; 12, 14 and 17 years; FinnTwin16: N = 4648; 16, 17 and 18 years). Regular participation in moderate-to-vigorous exercise activities during leisure time was assessed by survey. Parental education was dichotomized ('both parents with a low education' vs 'at least one parent with a high education'). The mean in exercise behavior tended to be higher and the variance tended to be lower in children of high educated parents. Evidence for gene-by-environment interaction was weak. To develop successful interventions that specifically target children of low educated parents, the mechanisms causing the mean and variance differences between the two groups should be better understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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3. Prospective relationships of ADHD symptoms with developing substance use in a population-derived sample.
- Author
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Sihvola, E., Rose, R. J., Dick, D. M., Korhonen, T., Pulkkinen, L., Raevuori, A., Marttunen, M., and Kaprio, J.
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ALCOHOLISM , *ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder , *INTERVIEWING , *LONGITUDINAL method , *RESEARCH methodology , *CLASSIFICATION of mental disorders , *PARENTS , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *RESEARCH funding , *SEX distribution , *SUBSTANCE abuse , *TWINS , *COMORBIDITY , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *DATA analysis software , *SYMPTOMS - Abstract
BackgroundClinically ascertained reports suggest that boys and girls with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may differ from each other in their vulnerability to substance use problems.MethodA total of 1545 Finnish adolescents were assessed for DSM-IV-based ADHD symptoms by their parents and classroom teachers using standardized rating scales at age 11–12 years. At age 14, substance use disorders and psychiatric co-morbidity were assessed with the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism, providing DSM-III-R/DSM-IV diagnoses for Axis I disorders. At age 17.5, substance use was assessed by multi-item questionnaire.ResultsAlthough baseline ADHD symptoms were less common among females, they were more predictive of adverse substance use outcomes once conduct disorder and previous substance use were controlled for. Only in females were baseline ADHD symptoms significant predictors of alcohol abuse and dependence and illicit drug use at age 14. At the age of 17.5, parents' reports of inattentiveness and hyperactivity were significant predictors for frequent alcohol use in both sexes, but they were more predictive of frequent alcohol and illicit drug use in girls. Impulsivity in teachers' ratings predicted frequent alcohol use and illicit drug use in boys. Parental reports of inattentiveness in their 11-/12-year-old daughters were a consistent predictor for illicit drug use across adolescence.ConclusionsInattentiveness and hyperactivity may be more predictive of alcohol use disorders and maladaptive patterns of alcohol and illicit drug use among girls than boys. The importance of these behavioural symptoms should be assessed further in the community, as they could jeopardize adolescents' successful transitioning into adult roles. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2011
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4. Genetic origins of the association between verbal ability and alcohol dependence symptoms in young adulthood.
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Latvala, A., Tuulio-Henriksson, A., Dick, D. M., Vuoksimaa, E., Viken, R. J., Suvisaari, J., Kaprio, J., and Rose, R. J.
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ALCOHOLISM ,ANALYSIS of variance ,CHI-squared test ,COGNITION ,COMPUTER software ,CLASSIFICATION of mental disorders ,RESEARCH funding ,SPEECH ,STATISTICS ,TWINS ,DATA analysis ,SYMPTOMS - Abstract
BackgroundCognitive deficits in alcohol dependence (AD) have been observed, poorer verbal ability being among the most consistent findings. Genetic factors influence both cognitive ability and AD, but whether these influences overlap is not known.MethodA subset of 602 monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins from FinnTwin16, a population-based study of Finnish twins, was used to study the associations of verbal ability with DSM-III-R diagnosis and symptoms of AD, the maximum number of drinks consumed in a 24-h period, and the Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index (RAPI) scores. These twins, most of them selected for within-pair discordance or concordance for their RAPI scores at age 18.5 years, were studied with neuropsychological tests and interviewed with the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA) in young adulthood (mean age 26.2 years, range 23–30 years).ResultsAll alcohol problem measures were associated with lower scores on the Vocabulary subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Revised (WAIS-R), a measure of verbal ability. In bivariate genetic models, Vocabulary and the alcohol problem measures had moderate heritabilities (0.54–0.72), and their covariation could be explained by correlated genetic influences (genetic correlations −0.20 to −0.31).ConclusionsPoorer verbal ability and AD have partly overlapping biological etiology. The genetic and environmental influences on the development of cognitive abilities, alcohol problems and risk factors for AD should be studied further with prospective longitudinal designs. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2011
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5. Tobacco use and reported bruxism in young adults: A nationwide Finnish Twin Cohort Study.
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Rintakoski, K., Ahlberg, J., Hublin, C., Lobbezoo, F., Rose, R. J., Murtomaa, H., and Kaprio, J.
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YOUNG adults -- Substance use ,TOBACCO use ,SMOKING ,BRUXISM ,COHORT analysis - Abstract
Introduction:: Higher levels of smoking, leading to increased levels of nicotine and dopamine release, may be more strongly related to bruxism, although this relationship has remained unclear. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the possible effect of cumulative tobacco use on bruxism in a large sample of young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2010
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6. Distribution and heritability of BMI in Finnish adolescents aged 16 y and 17 y: A study of 4884 twins and 2509 singletons.
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Pietiläinen, K H, Kaprio, J, Rissanen, A, Winter, T, Rimpelä, A, Viken, R J, and Rose, R J
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BODY weight ,TEENAGERS ,GENETICS - Abstract
OBJECTIVE:1) To estimate the heritability of body mass index (BMI) in twins aged 16 y and 17 y, with a special emphasis on gender-specific genetic effects and 2) to compare heights, weights, BMIs, and prevalences of ‘overweight’ (BMI≥≥25 kg/m
2 ) in these twins and in singletons aged 16.5 y. DESIGN:Cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological questionnaire study of twins at ages 16 y and 17 y, and cross-sectional study of singletons at age 16.5 y. MEASUREMENTS:BMI (kg/m2 ) was calculated from self-reported heights (m) and weights (kg). SUBJECTS:4884 twins (2299 boys, 2585 girls) at baseline (age 16 y), 4401 twins (2002 boys, 2399 girls) at age 17 y, and 2509 singletons (1147 boys, 1362 girls) at age 16.5 y. Both twin and singleton samples are nationally representative. RESULTS:At the ages of 16 y and 17 y, genetic effects accounted for over 80% of the interindividual variation of BMI. The correlations for male–female pairs were smaller than for either male-male or female–female dizygotic pairs. The singletons, especially the boys, had a higher BMI than the twins. Nine percent of singleton boys, but only 4–6% of twin boys and twin and singleton girls were ‘overweight’ (BMI≥≥25 kg/m2 ). CONCLUSIONS:Among adolescents, genetic factors play a significant role in the causes of variation in BMI. The genetic modelling suggested that the sets of genes explaining the variation of BMI may differ in males and females. At this age, the twin boys, but not girls, seem to be leaner than singletons. Further follow-up will indicate whether these small differences disappear, and if not, what implications it might have to the generalizability of twin studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 1999
7. Exploring gene-environment interactions: socioregional moderation of alcohol use.
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Dick, Danielle M., Rose, Richard J., Viken, Richard J., Kaprio, Jaakko, Dick, D M, Rose, R J, Viken, R J, Kaprio, J, and Koskenvuo, M
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BEHAVIORAL assessment , *HUMAN behavior , *GENETICS - Abstract
Examples of gene-environment interaction in human behavioral data are relatively rare; those that exist have used simple, dichotomous measures of the environment. The authors describe a model that allows for the specification of more continuous, more realistic variations in environments as moderators of genetic and environmental influences on behavior. Using data from a population-based Finnish twin study, the authors document strong moderating effects of socioregional environments on genetic and environmental influences on adolescent alcohol use, with nearly a five-fold difference in the magnitude of genetic effects between environmental extremes. The incorporation of specific environmental measures into genetically informative designs should prove to be a powerful method for better understanding the nature of gene-environment interaction and its contribution to the etiology of behavioral variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
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8. Changing Bird Migration Patterns Have Potential to Enhance Dispersal of Alien Plants From Urban Centres.
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Deshpande P, Johansson N, Kluen E, Lehikoinen A, and Thorogood R
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- Animals, Finland, Birds physiology, Plant Dispersal, Seed Dispersal, Feces, Climate Change, Songbirds physiology, Urbanization, Cities, Introduced Species, Animal Migration physiology, Fruit
- Abstract
There is increasing recognition that alien species may be 'sleepers', becoming invasive with favourable changes in conditions, yet these changes remain difficult to predict. As populations of frugivorous birds shift with urbanisation and climate change, they could provide dispersal services for introduced fruiting plants that have previously been considered benign. This is likely to be especially problematic at higher latitudes where bird migration phenologies are altering rapidly. However, any consequences for fruit dispersal have not yet been explored. Here, we use Helsinki, Finland, to investigate whether (i) streetscapes provide birds with a fruit resource that differs from urban forest fragments and (ii) the chances for dispersal of alien species (i.e., preferential consumption of native fruits). While there were both more fruits and birds in streetscapes (replicated across multiple years), fruits were not consumed preferentially according to origin. Additionally, seed analysis from faecal samples of blackbird Turdus merula L., a previously migratory but increasingly resident species, suggested that alien and native plants are equally likely to be dispersed. These results indicate that birds could be dispersing alien species more frequently than previously thought and highlight the complex effects of changing climates on potentially invasive species., (© 2024 The Author(s). Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2024
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9. Comfort and clinical events at the end of life of nursing home residents with and without dementia: The six-country epidemiological PACE study.
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Miranda R, van der Steen JT, Smets T, Van den Noortgate N, Deliens L, Payne S, Kylänen M, Szczerbińska K, Gambassi G, and Van den Block L
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- Belgium, England, Finland, Humans, Italy, Netherlands, Nursing Homes, Palliative Care, Poland, Dementia epidemiology, Terminal Care
- Abstract
Objectives: We aimed to investigate the occurrence rates of clinical events and their associations with comfort in dying nursing home residents with and without dementia., Methods: Epidemiological after-death survey was performed in nationwide representative samples of 322 nursing homes in Belgium, Finland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and England. Nursing staff reported clinical events and assessed comfort. The nursing staff or physician assessed the presence of dementia; severity was determined using two highly discriminatory staff-reported instruments., Results: The sample comprised 401 residents with advanced dementia, 377 with other stages of dementia, and 419 without dementia (N = 1197). Across the three groups, pneumonia occurred in 24 to 27% of residents. Febrile episodes (unrelated to pneumonia) occurred in 39% of residents with advanced dementia, 34% in residents with other stages of dementia and 28% in residents without dementia (P = .03). Intake problems occurred in 74% of residents with advanced dementia, 55% in residents with other stages of dementia, and 48% in residents without dementia (P < .001). Overall, these three clinical events were inversely associated with comfort. Less comfort was observed in all resident groups who had pneumonia (advanced dementia, P = .04; other stages of dementia, P = .04; without dementia, P < .001). Among residents with intake problems, less comfort was observed only in those with other stages of dementia (P < .001) and without dementia (P = .003), while the presence and severity of dementia moderated this association (P = .03). Developing "other clinical events" was not associated with comfort., Conclusions: Discomfort was observed in dying residents who developed major clinical events, especially pneumonia, which was not specific to advanced dementia. It is crucial to identify and address the clinical events potentially associated with discomfort in dying residents with and without dementia., (© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2020
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10. Which adolescent factors predict alcohol misuse in young adulthood? A co-twin comparisons study.
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Stephenson M, Barr P, Ksinan A, Aliev F, Latvala A, Viken R, Rose R, Kaprio J, Dick D, and Salvatore JE
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- Academic Success, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Female, Finland epidemiology, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Alcohol-Related Disorders epidemiology, Twins, Dizygotic statistics & numerical data, Twins, Monozygotic statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background and Aims: Research on adolescent predictors of later alcohol misuse is typically conducted on samples of singletons, and associations may be confounded by between-family differences. To address potential confounding, we applied a co-twin comparison design to evaluate whether differences between co-twins in a wide array of adolescent risk factors predicted differences in young adult alcohol misuse., Design: Longitudinal study in which associations between characteristics of the sample as adolescents were used to predict young adult alcohol misuse in individual-level analyses and co-twin comparisons., Setting: Finland., Participants: A total of 3402 individuals (1435 complete twin pairs; 36% monozygotic; 57% female) from the FinnTwin12 study., Measurements: The young adult alcohol misuse outcome was a composite score of alcohol use and intoxication frequency. Adolescent predictors included factor scores representing academic performance, substance use, externalizing problems, internalizing problems, peer environment, physical health and relationship with parents; and single measures tapping alcohol expectancies, life events and pubertal development., Findings: In individual-level analyses, individuals with higher adolescent substance use, externalizing problems, time with friends, peer deviance, sports involvement, sleeping difficulties, parental discipline, positive alcohol expectancies and difficulty of life events reported higher alcohol misuse in young adulthood (Ps < 0.019, R
2 = 0.0003-0.0310%). Conversely, those with higher adolescent internalizing problems, parent-child relationship quality and time with parents reported lower alcohol misuse (Ps < 0021, R2 = 0.0018-0.0093%). The associations with adolescent substance use and alcohol expectancies remained significant in co-twin comparisons (Ps < 0.049, R2 = 0.0019-0.0314%). Further, academic performance emerged as a significant predictor, such that individuals with higher grades compared with their co-twin reported higher young adult alcohol misuse (Ps < 0.029, R2 = 0.0449-0.0533%)., Conclusions: Adolescent substance use, positive alcohol expectancies and higher academic performance appear to be robust predictors of later alcohol misuse., (© 2019 Society for the Study of Addiction.)- Published
- 2020
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11. Fighting carbon loss of degraded peatlands by jump-starting ecosystem functioning with ecological restoration.
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Kareksela S, Haapalehto T, Juutinen R, Matilainen R, Tahvanainen T, and Kotiaho JS
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- Biodiversity, Carbon analysis, Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Ecosystem, Finland, Wetlands, Carbon Sequestration, Environmental Restoration and Remediation methods
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Degradation of ecosystems is a great concern on the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Ecological restoration fights degradation aiming at the recovery of ecosystem functions such as carbon (C) sequestration and ecosystem structures like plant communities responsible for the C sequestration function. We selected 38 pristine, drained and restored boreal peatland sites in Finland and asked i) what is the long-term effect of drainage on the peatland surface layer C storage, ii) can restoration recover ecosystem functioning (surface layer growth) and structure (plant community composition) and iii) is the recovery of the original structure needed for the recovery of ecosystem functions? We found that drainage had resulted in a substantial net loss of C from surface layer of drained sites. Restoration was successful in regaining natural growth rate in the peatland surface layer already within 5 years after restoration. However, the regenerated surface layer sequestered C at a mean rate of 116.3 g m(-2) yr(-1) (SE 12.7), when a comparable short-term rate was 178.2 g m(-2) yr(-1) (SE 13.3) at the pristine sites. The plant community compositions of the restored sites were considerably dissimilar to those of pristine sites still 10 years after restoration. We conclude that ecological restoration can be used to jump-start some key peatland ecosystem functions even without the recovery of original ecosystem structure (plant community composition). However, the re-establishment of other functions like C sequestration may require more profound recovery of conditions and ecosystem structure. We discuss the potential economic value of restored peatland ecosystems from the perspective of their C sequestration function., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2015
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12. Exploratory factor analysis of the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher Scale (CLES+T).
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Watson PB, Seaton P, Sims D, Jamieson I, Mountier J, Whittle R, and Saarikoski M
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- Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Faculty, Nursing, Finland, Humans, New Zealand, Nursing, Supervisory, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Workplace, Interprofessional Relations, Students, Nursing psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires
- Abstract
Background and Purpose: The Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher (CLES+T) scale measures student nurses' perceptions of clinical learning environments. This study evaluates the construct validity and internal reliability of the CLES+T in hospital settings in New Zealand. Comparisons are made between New Zealand and Finnish data., Methods: The CLES+T scale was completed by 416 Bachelor of Nursing students following hospital clinical placements between October 2008 and December 2009. Construct validity and internal reliability were assessed using exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha., Results: Exploratory factor analysis supports 4 factors. Cronbach's alpha ranged from .82 to .93. All items except 1 loaded on the same factors found in unpublished Finnish data. The first factor combined 2 previous components from the published Finnish component analysis and was renamed: connecting with, and learning in, communities of clinical practice. The remaining 3 factors (Nurse teacher, Supervisory relationship, and Leadership style of the manager) corresponded to previous components and their conceptualizations., Conclusion: The CLES+T has good internal reliability and a consistent factor structure across samples. The consistency across international samples supports faculties and hospitals using the CLES+T to benchmark the quality of clinical learning environments provided to students.
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- 2014
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13. Genetic and environmental effects on body mass index during adolescence: a prospective study among Finnish twins.
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Lajunen HR, Kaprio J, Keski-Rahkonen A, Rose RJ, Pulkkinen L, Rissanen A, and Silventoinen K
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- Adolescent, Adolescent Development, Child, Female, Finland, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Sex Factors, Twins, Dizygotic genetics, Twins, Monozygotic genetics, Body Mass Index, Social Environment, Twins genetics
- Abstract
Objective: To study genetic and environmental factors affecting body mass index (BMI) and BMI phenotypic correlations across adolescence., Design: Prospective, population-based, twin cohort study., Participants and Methods: We used twin modeling in 2413 monozygotic and same-sex and opposite-sex dizygotic Finnish twin pairs born in 1983-1987 and assessed using self-report questionnaires at 11-12, 14 and 17 years of age., Results: Heritability of BMI was estimated to be 0.58-0.69 among 11-12- and 14-year-old boys and girls, 0.83 among 17-year-old boys and 0.74 among 17-year-old girls. Common environmental effects shared by siblings were 0.15-0.24 among 11-12- and 14-year-old boys and girls but no longer discernible at 17 years of age. Unique environmental effects were 0.15-0.23. Additive genetic factors explained 90-96% of the BMI phenotypic correlations across adolescence, whereas unique environmental factors explained the rest. Common environment had no effect on BMI phenotypic correlations., Conclusions: The genetic contribution to BMI is strong during adolescence, and it mainly explains BMI phenotypic correlations across adolescence. Common environmental factors have an effect on BMI during early adolescence, but that effect disappears by late adolescence.
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- 2009
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14. Chernobyl exposure as stressor during pregnancy and hormone levels in adolescent offspring.
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Huizink AC, Bartels M, Rose RJ, Pulkkinen L, Eriksson CJ, and Kaprio J
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- Adolescent, Female, Finland, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Maternal Exposure adverse effects, Pituitary-Adrenal System physiology, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimesters, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects psychology, Puberty metabolism, Chernobyl Nuclear Accident, Hydrocortisone metabolism, Pregnancy Complications etiology, Saliva chemistry, Stress, Psychological etiology, Testosterone metabolism
- Abstract
Background: Animal research suggests a programming effect of prenatal stress in the fetal period, resulting in disruptions in behavioural and neuromotor development. Physiological changes that mediate these effects include alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and in testosterone levels. This human study focuses on changes related to these physiological systems after prenatal stress exposure., Methods: We examined the potential effect of prenatal stress associated with the Chernobyl disaster in an ongoing genetic epidemiological study in Finland. One birth cohort of twins (n = 121 twin pairs) was exposed in utero to maternal stress, and their saliva cortisol and testosterone levels at age 14 were compared with twins (n = 157 twin pairs) born one year later., Results: Cortisol levels in both sexes and testosterone levels among females were significantly elevated after prenatal exposure to maternal stress from the second trimester onwards, compared to reference groups of non-exposed adolescents. Exposure explains 3% of variance (p<0.05) in cortisol levels and 18% of variance in testosterone levels (p<0.001). No significant differences were found for exposure from either first or third trimester onwards., Conclusion: Our results suggest that prenatal exposure to maternal stress in the second trimester of pregnancy may have resulted in prenatal programming of physiological systems relating to cortisol and testosterone levels.
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- 2008
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15. Greater antibody responses to an eleven valent mixed carrier diphtheria- or tetanus-conjugated pneumococcal vaccine in Filipino than in Finnish or Israeli infants.
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Puumalainen T, Dagan R, Wuorimaa T, Zeta-Capeding R, Lucero M, Ollgren J, Käyhty H, and Nohynek H
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- Antibody Formation immunology, Diphtheria prevention & control, Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine administration & dosage, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Finland, Humans, Immunization Schedule, Infant, Israel, Male, Philippines, Pneumococcal Infections prevention & control, Pneumococcal Vaccines administration & dosage, Sensitivity and Specificity, Tetanus prevention & control, Vaccination methods, Vaccines, Conjugate administration & dosage, Vaccines, Conjugate immunology, Antibodies, Bacterial immunology, Carrier State immunology, Diphtheria immunology, Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine immunology, Pneumococcal Infections immunology, Pneumococcal Vaccines immunology, Tetanus immunology
- Abstract
Background: Antibody responses to pneumococcal conjugate vaccines may vary when administered in different populations or epidemiologic settings. Understanding the causes and significance of this variation could help to determine the number of doses and timing required for protection against pneumococcal diseases in each country., Methods: This report compares antibody responses to aluminum-adjuvanted and nonadjuvanted mixed carrier 11-valent diphtheria- or tetanus-conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (11-PncTD) formulations when given at 6, 10 and 14 weeks and 9 months of age to Filipino infants (n = 51) and at 2, 4, 6 and 12 months of age to Finnish (n = 127) and Israeli (n = 124) infants. The study populations differ in their natural exposure to pneumococcus and risk factors for pneumococcal carriage and disease., Results: Filipino and Israeli infants had slightly but significantly higher prevaccination geometric mean concentration (GMC) of antibodies than did the Finnish infants. After three doses of aluminum-adjuvanted 11-PncTD vaccine, the Filipino infants had 1.8 to 6.7 and 1.5 to 5.0 times higher GMC than the Finnish and Israeli infants, respectively, against pneumococcal serotypes conjugated to tetanus protein. The GMC of serotypes conjugated to diphtheria toxoid was 1.3 to 3.0 and 0.7 to 2.0 times the GMC in Finnish and Israeli infants, respectively. The nonadjuvanted vaccine formulation induced generally lower GMCs., Conclusions: The antibody responses to the tetanus-conjugated polysaccharides were considerably higher in the Filipino than in the Finnish or Israeli infants. This may be a result of several factors including the priming effect of tetanus toxoid given to pregnant women, early pneumococcal nasopharyngeal acquisition and genetic differences among populations.
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- 2003
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16. Drinking or abstaining at age 14? A genetic epidemiological study.
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Rose RJ, Dick DM, Viken RJ, Pulkkinen L, and Kaprio J
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- Adolescent, Child, Female, Finland epidemiology, Humans, Logistic Models, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Alcohol Drinking genetics, Alcoholism epidemiology, Alcoholism genetics
- Abstract
Background: Regular drinking by age 14 years is a significant risk factor for alcoholism, and genetically informative data suggest that whether a young adolescent abstains or drinks is largely attributable to familial (or other shared) environmental factors., Methods: Three consecutive birth cohorts of Finnish twins, enrolled into a longitudinal study at age 11 to 12 years, completed a follow-up questionnaire within 3 months of their 14th birthdays. The sample included 1380 twin sisters and 1330 twin brothers at age 14, and at that age, 35.4% reported using alcohol. Genetic analyses (model-fitting of twin pair data) and epidemiological analyses (logistical regressions of data from individual twins) were conducted to examine predictive factors of drinking versus abstinence at age 14., Results: Polychoric correlations were substantial across all same-sex twin pairs but were lower for brother-sister twins, suggesting significant influences of common environments, with some sex-specific effects. Common environmental effects were equivalent in male and female adolescents and accounted for 76% of the total variation in abstinence/drinking. Logistical regression analyses among 2206 individual twins with complete data on risk-relevant measures at both baseline and follow-up identified significant predictors of drinking or abstaining at age 14, including female sex, twin sibling of the opposite sex, accelerated pubertal development, and the twins' assessments, made at age 12, of reduced parental monitoring and a less supportive home atmosphere; drinking at age 14 was also predicted by behaviors rated by the twins' classroom teachers 2 years earlier, increasing with rated behavioral problems but decreasing with rated emotional problems., Conclusions: Our results show that environmental factors shared by twin siblings account for most of the variance in abstaining or drinking at age 14. We identify predictors of drinking in the adolescent twins' home environments and in their dispositional behaviors, sibling interactions, and pubertal timing.
- Published
- 2001
17. Tracking of body size from birth to late adolescence: contributions of birth length, birth weight, duration of gestation, parents' body size, and twinship.
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Pietiläinen KH, Kaprio J, Räsänen M, Winter T, Rissanen A, and Rose RJ
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- Adolescent, Body Mass Index, Body Weight, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Finland epidemiology, Humans, Logistic Models, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Parents, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Birth Weight, Body Height, Gestational Age, Obesity epidemiology
- Abstract
Birth weight has correlated positively with adult body mass index (BMI), but rarely have birth length, duration of gestation, or parents' body size been taken into account. The authors examined tracking of birth length and weight, adjusted for gestational age, to late adolescence, with special reference to parents' height and BMI. Longitudinal information from a nationally representative sample of Finnish twin adolescents (birth cohorts 1975-1979) and their parents was collected via questionnaires mailed when the twins were aged 16 years (n = 4,376; 2,062 males, 2,314 females) and 18 years (n = 3,917; 1,742 males, 2,175 females). The twins showed significant tracking of body size from birth to late adolescence, which was greatly influenced by their parents' body size. Height in adolescence was predicted by length and weight at birth and by parents' height, whereas BMI was predicted by birth weight and parents' BMI. An especially high risk for overweight was found for subjects of average length but a high weight at birth. These findings suggest that the intrauterine period has enduring effects on later body size but leave unresolved whether these effects are genetic or environmental.
- Published
- 2001
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18. Widespread pain among 11-year-old Finnish twin pairs.
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Mikkelsson M, Kaprio J, Salminen JJ, Pulkkinen L, and Rose RJ
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- Child, Female, Finland epidemiology, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Twins, Dizygotic genetics, Twins, Monozygotic genetics, Diseases in Twins epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Diseases epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Diseases physiopathology, Pain epidemiology
- Abstract
Objective: To examine the prevalence of widespread musculoskeletal pain (WSP) symptoms in 11-year-old Finnish twins and to determine the relative role of genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of WSP., Methods: Data on current pain items were collected from 1995 to 1998 from a national sample of Finnish families with 11-year-old twins born between 1984 and 1987. The presence of WSP was determined using a validated questionnaire method. Pairwise similarity was computed for 583 monozygotic (MZ) pairs, 588 same-sex dizygotic (DZ) pairs, and 618 opposite-sex DZ twin pairs. Variance components for genetic and environmental factors were estimated using biometric structural equation modeling techniques., Results: The prevalence of WSP was 9.9%, with no sex difference. The majority of twin pairs with WSP were discordant. The tetrachoric correlations for male MZ (r = 0.38), male DZ (r = 0.37), female MZ (r = 0.59), female DZ (r = 0.54), and opposite-sex pairs (r = 0.43) showed little difference by zygosity. Female pairs were more concordant than male pairs among both MZ and DZ twins. Biometric model-fitting indicated that genetic factors did not account for the pattern of twin similarity. Among boys 35%, and among girls 56%, of the variation in liability to WSP could be attributed to shared familial environmental effects. The remainder was attributed to unshared environmental effects., Conclusion: Genetic factors seem to play at most a minor role in WSP in 11-year-old twins, and environmental factors shared by family members account for a substantial proportion of the variability in WSP.
- Published
- 2001
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19. Pubertal timing and substance use: associations between and within families across late adolescence.
- Author
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Dick DM, Rose RJ, Viken RJ, and Kaprio J
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Cohort Studies, Family Characteristics, Female, Finland, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Menarche physiology, Sampling Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, Adolescent Behavior physiology, Adolescent Behavior psychology, Alcohol Drinking psychology, Menarche psychology, Smoking psychology, Substance-Related Disorders psychology
- Abstract
In the present study, between-family analyses of data from adolescent twin girls offer new evidence that early menarche is associated with earlier initiation and greater frequency of smoking and drinking. The role of personality factors and peer relationships in that association was investigated, and little support was found for their involvement. Novel within-family analyses replicating associations of substance use with pubertal timing in contrasts of twin sisters selected for extreme discordance for age at menarche are reported. Within-family replications demonstrated that the association of pubertal timing with substance use cannot be explained solely by between-family confounds. Within-family analyses demonstrated contextual modulation of the influence of pubertal timing: Its impact on drinking frequency is apparent only among girls in urban settings. Sibling comparisons illustrate a promising analytic tool for studying diverse developmental outcomes.
- Published
- 2000
20. Peers, teachers and parents as assessors of the behavioural and emotional problems of twins and their adjustment: the Multidimensional Peer Nomination Inventory.
- Author
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Pulkkinen L, Kaprio J, and Rose RJ
- Subjects
- Anxiety diagnosis, Child, Depression diagnosis, Female, Finland, Humans, Male, Parents, Peer Group, Teaching, Child Behavior Disorders diagnosis, Personality, Social Adjustment, Twins psychology
- Abstract
A multidimensional peer nomination inventory (MPNI; 30 items) and parallel versions--MPNI-Teacher and MPNI-Parental Rating Forms (37 items each)--were developed during a major new Finnish study of families with twins. The twins (477 girls and 467 boys) were 12 years old, representing subsets of three nationwide Finnish twin cohorts (b. 1983-1985). They were enrolled in 503 school classes, and the total number of children participating in peer nominations was 12,937. Three main factors were extracted from peer nominations and teacher and parental assessments. Intercorrelating sub-components were found, especially in parental assessments. Scales were formed, accordingly, for Behavioral Problems (including Hyperactivity-Impulsivity, Aggression, and Inattention), Emotional Problems (including Depression and Social Anxiety), and Adjustment (including Constructiveness, Compliance, and Social Activity). A framework for the development of the multidimensional inventory was a model of emotional and behavioural regulation. Peer nominations were most reliable, while parental assessments, although mostly satisfactory, were least reliable. Results provided evidence of concurrent validity of peer-referenced assessment, using teacher assessments as criteria; correlations between assessments of peers and parents were lower. The inventory has discriminative validity. Intra-pair correlations of monozygotic co-twins were higher than correlations of same-sex (SS) and opposite-sex (OS) dizygotic (DZ) co-twins for all scales across all three assessors, and peer nominations of both SS and OSDZ co-twins yielded correlations significantly greater than zero for all scales. All scales, except Depression and Social Anxiety, differentiated boys from girls.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Longitudinal analyses of the determinants of drinking and of drinking to intoxication in adolescent twins.
- Author
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Viken RJ, Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M, and Rose RJ
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Cohort Studies, Female, Finland, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Alcohol Drinking genetics, Alcoholic Intoxication genetics, Diseases in Twins genetics
- Abstract
Genetic and environmental determinants of self-reported alcohol consumption were investigated in a sample of 2513 twin pairs who were first assessed at age 16 and were followed-up at age 17. At age 16, 77% of the sample was drinking, and 65% of drinkers reported drinking to intoxication. Both drinking and drinking to intoxication increased at the 1-year follow-up. Model fitting indicated that most of the variance in drinking initiation was due to shared environmental effects but that shared environmental effects were less important, and additive genetic effects were more important, in explaining frequency of drinking among subjects who had already initiated drinking. Similarly, shared environmental effects explained most of the variation in initiation of drinking to intoxication but were less important in explaining frequency of intoxication among subjects who had already initiated drinking to intoxication. The magnitude of genetic and environmental estimates for males and females did not differ significantly, but it was clear that either different genetic factors or different shared environmental factors were influencing males and females. For all drinking variables studied, shared environmental effects decreased from age 16 to age 17, while additive genetic effects increased from age 16 to age 17.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Individual differences in adolescent religiosity in Finland: familial effects are modified by sex and region of residence.
- Author
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Winter T, Kaprio J, Viken RJ, Karvonen S, and Rose RJ
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Cohort Studies, Confidence Intervals, Environment, Female, Finland, Genetics, Behavioral, Humans, Male, Reproducibility of Results, Residence Characteristics, Rural Population, Sex Factors, Twins, Dizygotic genetics, Twins, Monozygotic genetics, Urban Population, Adolescent Behavior, Attitude, Religion, Twins genetics
- Abstract
Data from 16-year-old Finnish twin pairs were used to estimate familial effects on religiosity and the modification of those effects by sex and residential region. The sample of 2265 twin boys and 2521 twin girls formed 779 monozygotic and 1614 dizygotic pairs, 785 of the same sex and 829 of opposite sex. We compared religiosity scores of twins living in more rural and traditional northern Finland with those living in the more urban and secular southern region. Girls had higher religiosity scores than did boys, and twins living in northern Finland had higher religiosity scores than those resident in southern Finland. Correlations for monozygotic twins were slightly higher than those for dizygotic twins, and covariance modeling found modest heritability of religiosity [11% (95% CI 0-24) for girls; 22% (95% CI 6-38) for boys], and substantial shared environmental effects [60% (95% CI 49-69) and 45% (95% CI 31-57)] among girls and boys, respectively. The correlation between shared environmental effects in boys and girls was estimated to be 0.84 (95% CI 0.73-0.99). In analyses distinguishing region of residence, girls living in southern Finland were found to have significantly higher unshared environmental effects than girls in northern Finland, while boys living in the urban south appeared to have lower shared environmental effects, and higher additive genetic effects, than boys living in the rural north.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Familial and socioregional environmental effects on abstinence from alcohol at age sixteen.
- Author
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Rose RJ, Kaprio J, Winter T, Koskenvuo M, and Viken RJ
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior ethnology, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Alcohol Drinking genetics, Cohort Studies, Female, Finland epidemiology, Finland ethnology, Humans, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Sibling Relations, Adolescent Behavior psychology, Alcohol Drinking psychology, Parents psychology, Temperance psychology
- Abstract
Objective: This study identifies, in genetically informative data, familial and socioregional environmental influences on abstinence from alcohol at age 16., Method: Data are from FinnTwin 16, a population-based study of five consecutive birth cohorts of Finnish twins (N = 5,747 twin individuals), yielding 2,711 pairs of known zygosity. Measures of alcohol use, embedded into a health-habits questionnaire, were taken from earlier epidemiological research with nontwin Finnish adolescents. The questionnaire was administered sequentially to all twins as they reached age 16. Separate questionnaires, including measures of alcohol use and screening questions for alcohol problems, were received from 5,243 of the twins' parents., Results: Abstinence from alcohol to age 16 exhibits very significant familial aggregation, largely due to nongenetic influences. Abstinence rates are influenced by socioregional variation, sibling interaction effects and parental drinking patterns. Sibling and parental influences are greater in some regional environments than in others: the relative likelihood that a twin abstains, given that the co-twin does, or that both parents do, is shown to be modulated by socioregional variation., Conclusion: Environmental contexts affect the likelihood of maintaining abstinence from alcohol to midadolescence, and socioregional variation modulates influences of siblings and parents. The results illustrate how genetically informative data can inform prevention research by identifying target variables for intervention efforts.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Distribution and heritability of BMI in Finnish adolescents aged 16y and 17y: a study of 4884 twins and 2509 singletons.
- Author
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Pietiläinen KH, Kaprio J, Rissanen A, Winter T, Rimpelä A, Viken RJ, and Rose RJ
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Body Height genetics, Body Weight genetics, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Finland epidemiology, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Prevalence, Sex Characteristics, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, Body Mass Index, Obesity epidemiology, Obesity genetics
- Abstract
Objective: 1) To estimate the heritability of body mass index (BMI) in twins aged 16y and 17y, with a special emphasis on gender-specific genetic effects and 2) to compare heights, weights, BMIs, and prevalences of 'overweight' (BMI > or = 25 kg/m2) in these twins and in singletons aged 16.5y., Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological questionnaire study of twins at ages 16y and 17 y, and cross-sectional study of singletons at age 16.5y., Measurements: BMI (kg/m2) was calculated from self-reported heights (m) and weights (kg)., Subjects: 4884 twins (2299 boys, 2585 girls) at baseline (age 16 y), 4401 twins (2002 boys, 2399 girls) at age 17 y, and 2509 singletons (1147 boys, 1362 girls) at age 16.5 y. Both twin and singleton samples are nationally representative., Results: At the ages of 16y and 17y, genetic effects accounted for over 80% of the interindividual variation of BMI. The correlations for male-female pairs were smaller than for either male-male or female-female dizygotic pairs. The singletons, especially the boys, had a higher BMI than the twins. Nine percent of singleton boys, but only 4-6% of twin boys and twin and singleton girls were 'overweight' (BMI > or = 25 kg/m2)., Conclusions: Among adolescents, genetic factors play a significant role in the causes of variation in BMI. The genetic modelling suggested that the sets of genes explaining the variation of BMI may differ in males and females. At this age, the twin boys, but not girls, seem to be leaner than singletons. Further follow-up will indicate whether these small differences disappear, and if not, what implications it might have to the generalizability of twin studies.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
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25. Common genetic influences on BMI and age at menarche.
- Author
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Kaprio J, Rimpelä A, Winter T, Viken RJ, Rimpelä M, and Rose RJ
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Aging physiology, Body Weight, Child, Confidence Intervals, Female, Finland, Humans, Menarche physiology, Reproducibility of Results, Body Mass Index, Menarche genetics, Twins genetics
- Abstract
Genetic influences on variability of body weight and onset of menarche are well known. To investigate the genetic and environmental contributions to the association of body weight with onset of menarche, we studied Finnish twins from consecutive birth cohorts (the FinnTwin16 study) ascertained from the national population registry, which identifies nearly 100% of all living twins. Baseline questionnaires were mailed to the twins within 60 days of their sixteenth birthday and later to older sibs of the twins. Pairwise response rates (approximately 85% across gender and zygosity) and 30 months of data collection yielded results from 1283 twin pairs. The questionnaires included a survey of health habits and attitudes, a symptom checklist, MMPI personality scales, and a survey of relationships with parents, peers, and the co-twin. Age at menarche was reported by 468 monozygotic (MZ) girls, 378 girls from like-sex dizygotic (FDZ) pairs, 434 girls from opposite-sex (OSDZ) pairs, and 141 older female sibs of the twins. The one-month test-retest reliability of age at menarche in an independent sample (N = 136) of 16-year-olds from a national survey was 0.96. Girls from OSDZ pairs had a significantly higher mean age at menarche (13.33 yr) than FDZ girls (13.13 yr) (difference, 0.20 yr; 95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.35). The MZ correlation for age at menarche was 0.75, the DZ correlation was 0.31, and the sib-twin correlation was 0.32. A bivariate twin analysis of age at menarche and body mass index (wt/ht2) indicated that 37% of the variance in age at menarche can be attributed to additive genetic effects, 37% to dominance effects, and 26% to unique environmental effects. The correlation between additive genetic effects on age at menarche and body mass index was 0.57, indicating a substantial proportion of genetic effects in common.
- Published
- 1995
26. Self-reported hostility and suicidal acts, accidents, and accidental deaths: a prospective study of 21,443 adults aged 25 to 59.
- Author
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Romanov K, Hatakka M, Keskinen E, Laaksonen H, Kaprio J, Rose RJ, and Koskenvuo M
- Subjects
- Accidents psychology, Adult, Cohort Studies, Female, Finland epidemiology, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Admission statistics & numerical data, Personality Inventory, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Suicide psychology, Accidents mortality, Cause of Death, Hostility, Suicide statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
The association of self-reported hostility with morbidity and mortality due to external causes, including suicidal acts, was analyzed in 10,586 Finnish men and 10,857 Finnish women aged 24 to 59 years. Hostility was assessed from self-ratings on irritability, ease of anger-arousal, and argumentativeness. Three groups, low (33.6% of subjects), intermediate (50.6%), and extreme (15.9%), were formed from the self-reported hostility scores. A 6-year mortality follow-up yielded 76 violent deaths among men and 11 among women. A 4-year morbidity follow-up found 399 hospitalizations due to external causes among men and 169 among women. Among men, the risk ratio between the highest and lowest hostility groups was 1.51 (95% confidence interval, 1.16-1.96) for all events due to external causes and 3.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.63-7.89) for suicidal behavior, when effects of age, marital status, social status, and self-reported alcohol use were controlled in a multivariate model. No association was observed between traffic-related injuries and hostility. Hostility did not predict accidents or accidental deaths or suicidal behavior among women.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Consistency and change in patterns of social drinking: a 6-year follow-up of the Finnish Twin Cohort.
- Author
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Kaprio J, Viken R, Koskenvuo M, Romanov K, and Rose RJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Alcohol Drinking psychology, Alcoholism psychology, Cohort Studies, Diseases in Twins psychology, Female, Finland, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Individuality, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Models, Genetic, Phenotype, Risk Factors, Twins, Dizygotic genetics, Twins, Dizygotic psychology, Twins, Monozygotic genetics, Twins, Monozygotic psychology, Alcohol Drinking genetics, Alcoholism genetics, Diseases in Twins genetics, Social Environment
- Abstract
In 1975 and again in 1981, all adult twins in the population-based Finnish Twin Cohort were administered postal questionnaires yielding data on self-reported frequency and quantity of alcohol use. The longitudinal results provide information on the age-to-age stability of social drinking patterns among 13,404 (twin) individuals aged 18 to 43 at baseline; model-fitting the cross-temporal consistency of the twins' reported alcohol use yields unique estimates of the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to their individual age-to-age stabilities. Mean consumption levels did not change between 1975 and 1981. Patterns of social drinking were more stable in older (aged 24-43 at baseline) than younger (aged 18-23 at baseline) adult twins, and were more stable among men than women. Heritabilities were significant at both baseline and follow-up for all three alcohol measures in both genders and both age groups, with a median magnitude of 0.48. Both longitudinal genetic and environmental covariances were significant, and both were generally higher among older pairs. Genetic covariances (median magnitude = 0.68) were significantly higher than environmental covariances (median = 0.36). Analyses of absolute changes in alcohol use revealed heritable influences on the disposition to change. We conclude that genes contribute to both consistency and change in patterns of alcohol use from early to midadulthood.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Genetics of alcoholism: effects of migration on concordance rates among male twins.
- Author
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Romanov K, Kaprio J, Rose RJ, and Koskenvuo M
- Subjects
- Adult, Alcoholism epidemiology, Alcoholism etiology, Cohort Studies, Demography, Diseases in Twins epidemiology, Environment, Finland epidemiology, Genetic Linkage, Humans, Male, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, Alcoholism genetics, Diseases in Twins genetics
- Abstract
We have extended linkage of the population-based Finnish Twin Cohort to alcohol-related hospital discharge data through 1985. The sample included 10,680 individual male twins > or = age 30 at time of linkage; 269 of these twins (2.5%) had received an alcohol-related hospital diagnosis. Twin analyses confirm significant genetic variance in alcohol-related disorders, but suggest that concordance for these disorders is greater for twins living within limited geographic areas, perhaps due to restricted social mobility among those who abuse alcohol.
- Published
- 1991
29. Genetic and environmental determinants of use and abuse of alcohol: the Finnish Twin Cohort studies.
- Author
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Kaprio J, Rose RJ, Romanov K, and Koskenvuo M
- Subjects
- Adult, Alcoholism etiology, Alcoholism genetics, Analysis of Variance, Cohort Studies, Female, Finland epidemiology, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Phenotype, Sex Factors, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Alcoholism epidemiology, Twins
- Published
- 1991
30. Change in cohabitation and intrapair similarity of monozygotic (MZ) cotwins for alcohol use, extraversion, and neuroticism.
- Author
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Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M, and Rose RJ
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Finland epidemiology, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Neurotic Disorders epidemiology, Neurotic Disorders psychology, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis, Residence Characteristics, Social Class, Alcohol Drinking, Diseases in Twins, Extraversion, Psychological, Neurotic Disorders genetics, Social Environment, Twins psychology, Twins, Monozygotic psychology
- Abstract
We have reported cross-sectional evidence that behavioral similarities of adult monozygotic (MZ) cotwins are associated with their age at initial separation and the frequency of their subsequent social interaction (Kaprio et al., 1987; Rose et al., 1988; Rose and Kaprio, 1988). Twins who separated early and twins in infrequent interaction were less alike. Data for those reports came from a 1981 survey of the Finnish Twin Cohort. The Finnish cohort had been surveyed in 1975 with a similar questionnaire, and we now report a longitudinal analysis of the 1975-1981 surveys. All cohabiting MZ cotwins, ages 18-25 at the 1975 baseline, were followed up in 1981, and pairwise similarities at baseline and follow-up were compared for three groups: MZ pairs that remained cohabiting, separated pairs in which the cotwins retained regular contact with one another, and separated cotwins whose social interactions at follow-up were infrequent. For alcohol consumption and EPI Neuroticism scores, relative similarities of the MZ cotwins at follow-up paralleled the relative frequencies of their social contact; baseline differences in resemblance for Extraversion scores preceded follow-up differences in social interaction. These findings clarify the directional nature of associations found in our cross-sectional data and provide new, more compelling evidence of effects of shared experience on sibling resemblance for some dimensions of adult behavior.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Population-based twin registries: illustrative applications in genetic epidemiology and behavioral genetics from the Finnish Twin Cohort Study.
- Author
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Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M, and Rose RJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Cohort Studies, Female, Finland, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Research Design, Scandinavian and Nordic Countries, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, Genetics, Behavioral, Registries, Twins genetics, Twins psychology
- Abstract
The population-based twin registries of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden represent an extraordinary resource for scientific research. Although each register has its own history and composition, they share certain common qualities. All the Nordic countries have a long tradition of population registration, a high standard of living and health-related registers of high quality. The large size of the registers means that they are uniquely placed for representative studies of rare occurrences. Examples of studies that these registers make possible are illustrated with data from the Finnish Twin Cohort, which in its first phase consisted of over 17,000 like-sexed twin pairs born before 1958. It has been recently expanded to include multiple births between 1958 and 1986 (nearly 23,000 sets) and their first-degree relatives. During this period the DZ/MZ ratio decreased, while an increase in MZ twinning rates was observed between 1974 and 1986.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Social and genetic influences on drinking patterns of adult men: a study of 5638 Finnish twin brothers.
- Author
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Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M, Langinvainio H, Romanov K, Sarna S, and Rose RJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Finland, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, Alcohol Drinking, Twins
- Abstract
Hierarchical multiple regression analyses of questionnaire data reported by male twins in the Finnish Twin Cohort were used to evaluate genetic and social influences on use and abuse of alcohol. The similarity in drinking patterns of twin brothers is related to the frequency of their social interaction, and monozygotic co-twins are in more frequent social contact. But the stepwise multiple regressions show that the greater social interaction of identical twins cannot account for their greater similarity in drinking patterns. We conclude that genetic variance significantly contributes to population variance in the frequency, quantity, and density of social drinking.
- Published
- 1987
33. Self-reported alcohol use: a longitudinal study of 12,994 adults.
- Author
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Romanov K, Rose RJ, Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M, Langinvainio H, and Sarna S
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Finland, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Alcohol Drinking
- Abstract
The self-reported alcohol use of 12994 Finnish adults were followed up six years and the changes of alcohol consumption among males and females were analysed.
- Published
- 1987
34. Hostility as a risk factor for mortality and ischemic heart disease in men.
- Author
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Koskenvuo M, Kaprio J, Rose RJ, Kesäniemi A, Sarna S, Heikkilä K, and Langinvainio H
- Subjects
- Adult, Coronary Disease genetics, Coronary Disease psychology, Diseases in Twins, Finland, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Tests, Risk Factors, Coronary Disease mortality, Hostility, Type A Personality
- Abstract
We report the association between hostility and the incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in 3,750 Finnish men aged 40-59. Hostility was assessed from self-ratings on irritability, ease of anger-arousal, and argumentativeness, and four groups were formed from the summed hostility ratings. At baseline, the age-adjusted relative risk (RR) of the prevalence of angina pectoris between the highest and lowest hostility groups was 2.88 (95% confidence limits (CL), range 1.71-4.77). A three-year follow-up yielded 65 deaths and 109 IHD-incident cases. Hostility did not predict IHD among healthy men, but among men with previous IHD and hypertension (N = 104), the age-adjusted RR of IHD between the highest and lowest hostility groups was 12.9 (95% CL, 3.92-42.6). After standardization for smoking, obesity, heavy alcohol use, and snoring, the RR was 14.6 (95% CL, 1.94-110). When the degree of dyspnea at baseline was also standardized, the RR was 21.1 (95% CL, 1.59-282). Our data suggest that extreme hostility is not a consequence of symptom severity; rather, hostility is a strong determinant of coronary attack among hypertensive men with IHD.
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Genetic influences on use and abuse of alcohol: a study of 5638 adult Finnish twin brothers.
- Author
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Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M, Langinvainio H, Romanov K, Sarna S, and Rose RJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Age Factors, Alcoholism epidemiology, Finland, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Socioeconomic Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Twins, Dizygotic psychology, Twins, Monozygotic psychology, Alcohol Drinking psychology, Alcoholism genetics, Diseases in Twins
- Abstract
To evaluate genetic influences on the use and abuse of alcohol, we compared questionnaire measures of the frequency, quantity, and density of social drinking, and the frequency of alcohol-induced passouts self-reported by 879 monozygotic (MZ) and 1940 dizygotic (DZ) pairs of twin brothers, aged 24-49 yr. The measures of frequency, quantity, and density (heavy drinking once or more a month) significantly intercorrelate, and the self-reported alcohol consumption by this sample is satisfactorily stable and consistent with nationwide sales figures. None of the drinking measures was associated with twin type (zygosity), and only density correlated with age. Similarity of drinking habits among twin brothers was evaluated as a function of their genetic resemblance and age, the frequency of their social contact with one another, and the interactions of these terms. The effects were estimated from hierarchical linear regressions of a double-entry data matrix from which each twin's drinking was predicted from that of his twin brother, and that pair's age, zygosity, cohabitation status, and frequency of social contact. Significant genetic variance was found for each of the drinking measures with heritability estimates ranging from 0.36 to 0.40. Co-twins in more frequent social contact with one another reported greater similarity in their use of alcohol, but heritable variance remained after the effects of age and social contact were removed from both mean levels and co-twin resemblance. Reported frequency of passouts yielded significant, but equivalent, correlations in both MZ and DZ twins and no evidence of genetic influence.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Design and sampling considerations, response rates, and representativeness in a Finnish Twin Family Study.
- Author
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Kaprio J, Rose RJ, Sarna S, Langinvainio H, Koskenvuo M, Rita H, and Heikkilä K
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Female, Finland, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personality, Research Design, Smoking, Social Class, Surveys and Questionnaires, Family, Registries, Twins
- Abstract
Kinships composed of twin parents, their spouses and children, offer a robust and flexible sampling design for research in genetic epidemiology. Families-of-twins designs circumvent some of the sampling problems that arise when independent data sets are combined, and these designs provide unique evaluations of maternal influences, assortative mating and X-linkage. Unfortunately, empirical studies of families of twin parents have been limited by relatively small samples and by the self-selection biases intrinsic in ascertainment of families from volunteer twin registries. A large and representative cohort of monozygotic and dizygotic twin parents, drawn from a population-based twin registry, provides the optimal sampling frame for twin-family research. This paper reviews the sampling considerations underlying the initial family study based on the Finnish Twin Cohort and evaluates the representativeness of the sampled twins. Spouses and adult children (over 18 years) of 236 pairs of twins, about equally divided by gender and zygosity, were evaluated by a postal questionnaire. Individual response rates exceeded 86% and in 464 of the 472 nuclear families (98.3%), at last one member of the twin's family completed the questionnaire. The sampled twins, selected for fecundity to maximize statistical power of the obtained data, were broadly representative of non-selected twins drawn from the Cohort, with whom they were matched on age, gender, and zygosity. Such results suggest that the Finnish Cohort has excellent potential for extended twin-family research designs.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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