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Purpose: To study the pattern of metastasis and overall survival in patients with disseminated conjunctival melanoma., Design: Population-based, retrospective cross-sectional study., Participants: Eighty-five Caucasian patients with primary malignant conjunctival melanoma diagnosed between 1967 and 2000., Methods: Data were collected from the Finnish Cancer and Population Registries and all involved hospitals. The pattern (regional or systemic) and site of first metastasis were recorded. The time to first metastasis and survival by pattern were estimated by cumulative incidence analysis, which takes competing risks into account, and by Kaplan-Meier analysis, respectively., Main Outcome Measures: Metastatic pattern, time to metastasis by pattern, overall survival., Results: In 45% (95% confidence interval, 23%-68%) of 20 patients with metastasis, regional lymph node metastases were detected before systemic ones. Median times to initial regional and systemic metastasis were 2.3 and 3.4 years, respectively, and the median time from regional to systemic metastasis, 1.0 year. The 10-year cumulative incidence of initial regional metastasis was 0.11, and it tended to be higher for tumors more than 2 mm thick (0.18 vs. 0.05, P = 0.062). The corresponding incidence of initial systemic metastasis was 0.18, and it was higher for nonlimbal tumors (0.38 vs. 0.07, P = 0.00023) and for tumors more than 2 mm thick (0.28 vs. 0.06, P = 0.026). Overall survival was longer after initial regional metastasis than after systemic metastasis (30 vs. 8 months, P = 0.012)., Conclusion: Initial regional lymph node metastasis was as common as systemic metastasis, but initial lymph node metastasis was associated with better prognosis. Metastasis, especially initial regional lymph node metastasis, from limbal tumors and tumors less than 2 mm thick was rare. These patients may have less benefit from sentinel lymph node biopsy, a method that is currently under evaluation regarding its potential to improve survival.

Purpose: To identify the clinical determinants of prognosis and the incidence of malignant conjunctival melanoma in whites., Methods: A nationwide search identified 85 patients in whom primary conjunctival melanoma was diagnosed in Finland between 1967 and 2000, all of whom were enrolled. Data were collected from the Finnish Cancer and Population Registries and from patients' charts in all involved hospitals. The age-specific and age-adjusted incidences were calculated. Clinical characteristics of the tumors were recorded and time to local recurrence and melanoma-specific survival were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and univariate and multivariate extended Cox regression., Results: The annual crude incidence of conjunctival melanoma in Finland was 0.51 per million inhabitants, and the age-adjusted incidence (mean, 0.54) increased from 0.4 to 0.8 during the 34-year study period. The median age at diagnosis was 60 years (range, 20-90). Clinically detectable primary acquired melanosis preceded or accompanied the primary tumor in 61% of patients. The 5-year cumulative proportion of cases with local recurrence was 0.36 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25-0.48). The melanoma-specific 5-and 10-year mortalities were 0.20 (95% CI, 0.12-0.32) and 0.38 (95% CI, 0.26-0.53), respectively. By multiple-event Cox regression, nonlimbal location of the primary tumor predicted a short time to local recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 1.81, P = 0.024). Nonlimbal location of the primary tumor (HR 4.08, P = 0.023) and increasing tumor thickness (HR 1.19 for each millimeter change, P=0.063) were associated with increased mortality. Local recurrence, analyzed as a time-dependent covariate, also increased mortality (HR 1.39 for each recurrence, P = 0.014)., Conclusions: The incidence of conjunctival melanoma in the white population of Finland increased analogous to cutaneous melanoma. Nonlimbal tumors recur more often and are associated with decreased survival, independent of their greater thickness. Local recurrence contributes to mortality, whereas primary acquired melanosis was not associated with either outcome.