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Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Decyzje is the property of Decyzje and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Studies assessing cytokine expression in children with different clinical manifestation of atopy are rare and data are conflicting. Differences in serum cytokine levels could indicate distinctions in the immunopathogenesis of both diseases. Aim of the study. The study aimed at assessing serum cytokine levels in children with atopic diseases. Material and methods. 19 children with AD and 37 children with atopic asthma were enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of 18 healthy children. S.aureus was found in the skin lesions in 89.5% examined children with AD. Serum cytokine levels were measured using ELISA (Quantikine human, R&D system Europe, UK). Results. Serum IL-13 level was signifi cantly higher in AD and asthma than in healthy ones (p=0.002, p=0.0003, respectively). Serum INF-γ level in AD was significantly lower in AD than in healthy and asthma (p=0.0006, p=0.001; respectively), but were similar between asthma and controls. The Severity of AD assessed by SCORAD index and the severity of asthma were correlated with serum IL-10 level. Duration of ICS treatment was inversely correlated with serum IL-13 level. Conclusions. IL-13 plays the key role in the immunopathogenesis of AD and asthma. INF-γ deficit is vital for pathogenesis of AD and may be relevant to propensity to skin infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urolithiasis is the most ancient and common disease of man. Its frequency increases with civilization progress. It has been estimated that it concerns about 5-10% of adult population in Europe and about 2% of children. The disease has a recurrent character and complicated pathogenesis. In most patients with urinary stones the recurrence rate is high. The probability of next stone formation is estimated at 15% in 3 years and 30-50% in 15 years. Open surgery is nowadays replaced by less invasive methods. They have proven their effectiveness and safety. These popular methods are: extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), ureterorenoscopic lithotripsy (URS) and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNL). In clinical practice it is often necessary to perform the procedure many times or to use combined methods. We present here three patients treated with a combination of two methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]