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This study aimed to analyse the performance of 5,518 collective observations of the Spanish LaLiga teams for eight consecutive seasons (from 2011–12 to 2018–19), considering the final league ranking. The teams were divided into four groups: Europe (from 1st to 6th), Upper-Middle (from 7th to 11th), Lower-Middle (from 12th to 17th) and Relegation (from 18th to 20th). The variables recorded were: Passes, Successful Passes, Crosses, Shots, Goals, Corners, Fouls, Width, Length, Height, distance from the goalkeeper to the nearest defender (GkDef), total distance covered (TD) and number of points accumulated. The main results were that: 1) Europe, being superior to the rest of the groups, showed lower values of Length from 2015–16, and lower values of GkDef from 2014–15; 2) Upper-Middle showed lower values of Length from 2015–16; 3) Lower-Middle showed fewer Shots from 2013–14, and lower values of Length, GkDef and TD from 2014–15; and, 4) Relegation barely showed significant differences between seasons in any variable. The study concludes that the teams of the Europe, Upper-Middle and Relegation groups showed quite stable performance, while the teams of the Lower-Middle group presented a worsening in different dimensions as the seasons progressed. The information provided in this study makes it possible to have reference values that have characterized the performance of the teams for each group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to identify the regional economic disparities in the level of economic wealth and its dynamics in the NUTS 3 regions in EU28 over the period from 2000 to 2017. By performing a time-series clustering analysis at NUTS 3 level, we expect to uncover the economic disparities that might have been hidden in the aggregate NUTS 2 regions. Our results indicate that at a finer spatial scale (NUTS 3 level) disparities flourish, particularly in the period after the global crisis of 2008, in which different recovery rates are observed. In general, NUTS 2 regions tend to spatially cluster at the national level and, although NUTS 3 regions show slightly this tendency as well, the spatial effect is not as strong as it is for NUTS 2 level, revealing specific behaviours of the local economies and markets that remain hidden at the aggregate NUTS 2 level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: We aimed to compare etiopathogenic features of 28 penile squamous cell carcinomas (PSCC) from Mozambique, an African country with a high prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and HIV, with 51 PSCC from Spain, a European country with a low prevalence of HPV and HIV. All tumors underwent HPV testing and p16 and p53 immunohistochemistry. PSCC with either p16 overexpression and/or positivity for HPV were considered HPV-associated. The two sites showed striking etiopathogenic differences. Patients from Mozambique were significantly younger than those from Spain and showed mostly HPV-associated, p53-wild-type PSCC, contrary to older patients from Spain showing mostly HPV-independent, p53-altered tumors. These data may be valuable for primary prevention of PSCC worldwide. Penile squamous cell carcinomas (PSCC) are classified by the World Health Organization into two categories based on their relationship with the human papillomavirus (HPV): HPV-associated and HPV-independent. We compared a cohort of PSCC from Mozambique, a sub-Saharan country in southeast Africa with a high prevalence of HPV and HIV infection, and Spain, a country in southwestern Europe with a low prevalence of HPV and HIV, to study the distribution of the etiopathogenic categories of these tumors in both sites. A total of 79 PSCC were included in the study (28 from Mozambique and 51 from Spain). All cases underwent HPV-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, genotyping, and immunohistochemistry for p16 and p53. Any PSCC showing either p16 overexpression or HPV-DNA in PCR analysis was considered HPV-associated. Overall, 40/79 (50.6%) tumors were classified as HPV-associated and 39 (49.4%) as HPV-independent. The two sites showed marked differences: 25/28 (89.3%) tumors from Mozambique and only 15/51 (29.4%) from Spain were HPV-associated (p < 0.001). HPV16 was the most frequent HPV type identified in 64.0% (16/25) of the HPV-associated tumors from Mozambique, and 60.0% (9/15) from Spain (p = 0.8). On average, patients from Mozambique were almost two decades younger than those from Spain (mean age 50.9 ± 14.9 and 69.2 ± 13.3, respectively [p < 0.001]). In conclusion, significant etiopathogenic differences between PSCC in Mozambique and Spain were observed, with a remarkably high prevalence of HPV-associated tumors in Mozambique and a relatively low prevalence in Spain. These data may have important consequences for primary prevention of PSCC worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: First, to validate a previously developed model for screening for pre-eclampsia (PE) by maternal characteristics and medical history in twin pregnancies; second, to compare the distributions of mean arterial pressure (MAP), uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI), serum placental growth factor (PlGF) and serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) in twin pregnancies that delivered with PE to those in singleton pregnancies and to develop new models based on these results; and, third, to examine the predictive performance of these models in screening for PE with delivery at < 32 and < 37 weeks' gestation.Methods: Two datasets of prospective non-intervention multicenter screening studies for PE in twin pregnancies at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation were used. The first dataset was from the EVENTS (Early vaginal progesterone for the preVention of spontaneous prEterm birth iN TwinS) trial and the second was from a previously reported study that examined the distributions of biomarkers in twin pregnancies. Maternal demographic characteristics and medical history from the EVENTS-trial dataset were used to assess the validity of risks from our previously developed model. The combined data from the first and second datasets were used to compare the distributional properties of log10 multiples of the median (MoM) values of UtA-PI, MAP, PlGF and PAPP-A in twin pregnancies that delivered with PE to those in singleton pregnancies and develop new models based on these results. The competing-risks model was used to estimate the individual patient-specific risks of delivery with PE at < 32 and < 37 weeks' gestation. Screening performance was measured by detection rates (DR) and areas under the receiver-operating-characteristics curve.Results: The EVENTS-trial dataset comprised 1798 pregnancies, including 168 (9.3%) that developed PE. In the validation of the prior model based on maternal characteristics and medical history, calibration plots demonstrated very good agreement between the predicted risks and the observed incidence of PE (calibration slope and intercept for PE < 32 weeks were 0.827 and 0.009, respectively, and for PE < 37 weeks they were 0.942 and -0.207, respectively). In the combined data, there were 3938 pregnancies, including 339 (8.6%) that developed PE and 253 (6.4%) that delivered with PE at < 37 weeks' gestation. In twin pregnancies that delivered with PE, MAP, UtA-PI and PlGF were, at earlier gestational ages, more discriminative than in singleton pregnancies and at later gestational ages they were less so. For PAPP-A, there was little difference between PE and unaffected pregnancies. The best performance of screening for PE was achieved by a combination of maternal factors, MAP, UtA-PI and PlGF. In screening by maternal factors alone, the DR, at a 10% false-positive rate, was 30.6% for delivery with PE at < 32 weeks' gestation and this increased to 86.4% when screening by the combined test; the respective values for PE < 37 weeks were 24.9% and 41.1%.Conclusions: In the assessment of risk for PE in twin pregnancy, we can use the same prior model based on maternal characteristics and medical history as reported previously, but in the calculation of posterior risks it is necessary to use the new distributions of log10 MoM values of UtA-PI, MAP and PlGF according to gestational age at delivery with PE. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiologists seldom encounter parasitic diseases in their daily practice in most of Europe, although the incidence of these diseases is increasing due to migration and tourism from/to endemic areas. Moreover, some parasitic diseases are still endemic in certain European regions, and immunocompromised individuals also pose a higher risk of developing these conditions. This article reviews and summarises the imaging findings of some of the most important and frequent human parasitic diseases, including information about the parasite's life cycle, pathophysiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, and treatment. We include malaria, amoebiasis, toxoplasmosis, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, echinococcosis, cysticercosis, clonorchiasis, schistosomiasis, fascioliasis, ascariasis, anisakiasis, dracunculiasis, and strongyloidiasis. The aim of this review is to help radiologists when dealing with these diseases or in cases where they are suspected. Teaching Points • Incidence of parasitic diseases is increasing due to migratory movements and travelling. • Some parasitic diseases are still endemic in certain regions in Europe. • Parasitic diseases can have complex life cycles often involving different hosts. • Prompt diagnosis and treatment is essential for patient management in parasitic diseases. • Radiologists should be able to recognise and suspect the most relevant parasitic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To determine whether the Frailty Index ( FI) was associated with short-term cognitive decline (according to changes in Mini Mental State Examination ( MMSE) and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale ( ADAS-Cog) scores at 1-year follow-up) in individuals with Alzheimer's disease ( AD). Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Impact of Cholinergic Treatment USe study. Participants Individuals with mild-to-moderate AD (N = 973). Measurements Severity of dementia was assessed using the Clinical Dementia Rating ( CDR). FI was calculated as the ratio of actual to potential deficits (deficits present divided by 30). Linear regression analyses were performed and stratified according to severity of dementia. Results A 1-unit (0.033 points) increase in FI corresponded to significant and clinically relevant cognitive decline, after adjustments for age, sex, and years of education (0.63-4.63 points on the MMSE, P = .01; 2.87-11.1 points on the ADAS-Cog, P = .001) after 1 year of follow-up. Differences in changes in MMSE and ADAS-Cog scores between nonfrail and frail individuals were 0.67 and 1.6 points, respectively. Although statistically significant, the clinical relevance of this finding remains to be further investigated. Conclusion The FI may be a promising instrument for the assessment of the vulnerability of individuals with AD. Its implementation in clinical practice may support clinical decisions by identifying individuals at high risk of negative outcomes, specifically, short-term cognitive decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights from the article: Front Cover: Asmic Isocyanide-Nitrile Isomerization-Alkylations (Eur. J. Org. After Asmic is decorated through alkylations (the gymnast on the left), an isocyanide to nitrile isomerization is triggered by the use of I n i BuLi, expelling a transient carbene which receive a reoriented cyanide to afford a lithiated nitrile, whose alkylation leads to a quaternary nitrile (the gymnast with a winning stance on the right). After Asmic is decorated through alkylations (the gymnast on the left), an isocyanide to nitrile isomerization is triggered by the use of I n i BuLi, expelling a transient carbene which receive a reoriented cyanide to afford a lithiated nitrile, whose alkylation leads to a quaternary nitrile (the gymnast with a winning stance on the right).

Background: There is a growing interest in understanding the impact of duty hours and resting times on training outcomes and the well-being of resident physicians. However, to this date no state-wide analysis exists in any European country., Objectives: Our aim is to describe the shift work scheduling and to detail the degree of compliance with the Spanish legislation and the European Working Time Directive (EWTD) of Spanish resident physicians, focusing on territorial and specialty distribution., Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional analytical study was designed through an online survey adapted from the existing literature., Results: Out of the 2035 surveyed resident physicians undergoing PGT in Spain, 80.49% exceeded the 48 h per week limit set by the EWTD and 13% of them did not rest after a 24-h on-call shift. The mean number of on-call shifts in the last 3 months was 15.03, with the highest mean reported in Asturias, La Rioja, and Extremadura. 51.6% of respondents had a day-off after a Saturday on-call shift. Significant differences are observed by region and type of specialty., Conclusion: Resident physicians in Spain greatly exceed the established 48 h/week EWTD limit. Likewise, non-compliance with labor regulations regarding mandatory rest after on-call duty and minimum weekly rest periods are observed., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)