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Low levels of mitochondrial DNA variation were observed among pike Esox lucius populations from major drainage systems of Europe. Populations from the Italian peninsula including southern Switzerland were genetically distinct from other samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physicians in antiquity dreaded abdominal infections. Despite the fact that peritonitis was extremely common, reports of successful surgical interventions were only anecdotal before the past century. Medicine's comprehension of the pathophysiology of the peritoneal cavity is still evolving. The history of our understanding of the process could be considered to be as recent as the current literature. Despite this, the mortality rates for patients with secondary peritonitis have fallen in the last century from almost 100 per cent to less than 10 per cent.