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The book "Gendered Touch: Women, Men, and Knowledge-Making in Early Modern Europe" explores the role of gender in the development of experimental sciences in early modern Europe. The authors highlight the contributions of female natural scientists who have been overlooked in historical archives. The book examines how practical expertise and embodied knowledge of gendered bodies intersected with the production of knowledge during this period. It also discusses the gendered construction of textual traditions, domestic and apothecary workshops, and eighteenth-century spaces of gendered knowledge. The book sheds light on the diverse experiences of women in the sciences and challenges the notion that their participation was marginal. However, it should be noted that despite the title, the book does not extensively discuss the history of touch and the senses. [Extracted from the article]

Previous research suggests an under-representation of women among teleworkers before the Covid-19 pandemic. However, we know little about whether such a gender gap was substantial, and whether it could be explained by occupational gender segregation. We explore whether a gender gap in regularly teleworking existed in the EU-28 and analyse its possible constituents, drawing on data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2015. To form a group of potential teleworkers, the analytical sample was restricted to employees who made use of information and communication technology (N ≈ 16,000). Country fixed effects regression and multilevel models were applied. The results show that women were under-represented among teleworkers compared to men, also when occupational gender segregation is taken into account; the remaining gender gap in telework is estimated at 10%. For women, working part-time and working in the private sector was associated with lower incidences of telework, but not for men. Country characteristics explain a small but significant share of telework incidence. In countries that rank high on the Gender Equality Index and have a large public sector, telework was widespread, whereas it was less present in countries with higher shares of women in the fields of science and engineering. The findings support the view that the gender gap in teleworking from home is a matter of historically grown gender inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This WOMEN in EVER session is connecting early‐career and leading women scientists from all over Europe, to tackle the under‐representation of women in science by increasing visibility. Distinguished women scientists and clinicians will meet here to connect and to inspire young women scientist about how successful careers in Ophthalmology and Vision Science look like – this is a great opportunity to acknowledge the contribution women scientists make in Ophthalmology. Strategies of empowerment for women:Developing ability for critical thinkingFostering decision‐making and action through collective processesEnsuring equal participation in developmental processesEnhancing self‐esteem and self confidence in women. Women are still underrepresented in science. Even though half of the first semester students in Europe are female, the ratio is getting less equal with each upper qualification level. For example, the female share among the highest‐paid professorships is about 20%. However, it has already been shown that mixed teams achieve better results due to the different perspectives, meaning that gender equality in science is mandatory and has a positive effect on research quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The underrepresentation of women in academe has been the focus of both academic literature and European policy-makers. However, albeit the number of female scientists has increased, true gender equality has yet to be achieved. When examining the reasons for this, we have to consider the interconnection between the expectations surrounding gender and what it means to work in the scientific profession, operating at individual, interactional, and institutional levels. This paper presents the results (and methods) of a survey exploring work–life interfaces from a gender-sensitive perspective.Our survey focused on the researchers and professors working in the medicine and engineering departments of the University of Pisa, where the gradient of female exclusion is most pronounced. The results allow for an interpretation of the ‘leaky pipeline’ (macro level), through a gender-sensitive analysis of gender-based social obligations and those associated with the scientific profession (micro perspective), by integrating said reading through a description of the dynamics of continuous negotiation in private and public life (university) (meso level). Essentially, science is a greedy institution, as is family life, which is a problem for a woman’s career, unless she is willing to make considerable concessions at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text is about women and science although it does not specifically or directly examine the position and experience of practising scientists who carry out experiments, publish and are otherwise engaged in academic traffic. Building on John Law’s modes of mattering (2004), the authors explore the enactments of ‘women and science’ in various locations where gender and feminist approaches, science policies and support activities for women in science meet in the European context. By exploring some of these ‘trading zones’ (Galison, 1999), the authors offer some suggestions on power and marginalization in the flagship of European research, the European Research Area. By introducing the notion of a mode of ‘retrenchment’, they argue that while gender equality has been co-opted into European science policy, an enactment with a feminist potential that emerged at the beginning of the new millennium has been gradually displaced by one building on an economic perspective of utility, resources and waste. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses gender equity in science and the importance of role models and mentors for women scientists. Several examples of women who have inspired other women to embark on science careers are presented including a biology professor who inspired a young woman to pursue a career in science after seeing the professor in a commercial. Topics include statistics on the percentage of young women entering the science field in Europe and the U.S. and the importance of mentors, including a brief discussion of a U.S. National Research Council (NRC) survey that showed women with mentors performed better and were more successful within their field than those without one.

Serious gaps are found when evaluating the recognition and inclusion of gender aspects in transport strategies, research and innovation. Similar issues can be spotted in the transport labor market, where only 22% of workers are women at the European level. The roots of these limitations are in the low participation of women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths (STEM) studies and, therefore, in the traditionally male-dominated transport field occupations. Stemming from the European project TInnGO, the current paper proposes a descriptive analysis to evaluate the gender gaps in educational provision and research in ten European countries. Specific indicators, such as percentages in the gender composition or the presence of university courses dealing with mobility and transport, have been defined and their availability in different countries is verified. In addition, a desktop review of practices for encouraging and supporting women in STEM studies is operated, underling characteristics such as the kind of initiative, the methods and tools used, the target group or the type of promoter. The results of this activity show that a wide network of associations and mentoring operates in various European nations, mostly targeting secondary school students, trying to make females aware of their potentialities in a deeply gender-biased field like the STEM one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on women life scientists in Europe. It states that there is a very small proportion of leading women in science. The European Life Sciences Organization (ELSO) has created a Database of Expert Women in the Molecular Life Sciences to increase the visibility of European women from post-docs to senior group leaders. More information is given.

Discusses the status and prospects of women in science in Europe. Rules governing the distribution of women in science; Statistical information on women in science in Europe; Lack of opportunities for women in science in Europe; Initiatives to ensure women's participation and contribution to science; Recommendations to European governments for women scientists.

The article discusses the formation of the European Research Area (ERA), an entity through which European researchers will be able to exchange ideas. Topics discussed include disparities in standards of research, collaboration between European scientists and increased academic mobility in the scientific community. It is observed that wealthy European national economies progress in research and innovation. Gender gap in grants from the European Research Council is noted.

This article studies reasons as to why women drop out of research works due to family affairs, monetary problems and responsibilities. The article gives information about the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO), which supports scientists who take time to rear family. The EMBO restart grants are just one of a handful of fellowships in Europe and the U.S. intended to kick-start a scientific career after a break. Others include the UK's Dorothy Hodgkin Fellowships, the Swiss National Science Foundation's Marie Heim-Vogtlin grants, and ADVANCE fellowships from the U.S. National Science Foundation. The fellowships aim to patch what was been called the "leaky pipeline" for women in science.

Discusses European perspectives on the gender gap in the field of science and technology. Summary of views expressed at the European Commission's Gender and Research Conference in Brussels, Belgium in November 2001; Status of women's involvement in science and technology; Recommendations.

Focuses on the promotion of female participation in science in Europe. Adoption of mainstreaming strategy to promote gender equality; Impact of gender dimension on research; Assessment on the status of women faculty in science.

The authors emphasize the need to change conditions that suppress the number of women in leading science positions in the European Union (EU). The article cites the report "The Gender Challenge in Research Funding" and statistical findings regarding scientific leadership positions occupied by women. The article notes that fathers need to share parenting responsibilities and that employers have a responsibility to assist parents.

Addresses issues affecting women in science. Representation of women in the field; Efforts of the European Commission to promote the hiring of women in the academia and industry; Grant schemes in the U.S. to deal with the problems facing women in science.

The article focuses on statistics published in the journal "Nature," which confirm that women are disproportionately represented in the field of science. The European Commission (EC) has taken the step of recognizing the problem and is trying to address it by asking grant applicants to provide gender-equality plans for their research teams in the current round of EC funding. As women scientists in Europe begin to rise to the top of their careers, they must grapple with similar issues.

Reports the representation of women in the scientific workforce in Europe. Implementation of laws on gender equality; Absence of gender equality in the scientific system; Details on the career development and mentoring programs for women.

Reports that under-representation of women and discriminatory employment practices are undermining efforts to achieve excellence in European science, according to a report compiled by the European Technology Assessment Network. Women members of national scientific academies; European member states' need to introduce legal measures to ensure gender balance on public bodies.

Editorial. Agrees with the European Commission's urging of the networks of women-in-science groups to form an assemblage large enough, and with enough tentacles, to apply pressure in many of the right places around Europe. Mention of the World Conference on Science, 1999; Achievements of the Association for Women in Science (AWIS) in the United States; Outlook of the Declaration of Networks Active in Europe.

Reports on the meeting of the representatives of women in science groups across Europe in Brussels in July 1999. Commitment to improve the gender balance in scientific decision-making; Under-representation of women in science; Goals of the meeting.