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The article discusses the issue of immigration and the citizenship policies in Europe. Post-war immigration to Europe has involved some 30 million people, making this one of the greatest migratory movements in human history throughout Europe. The UNESCO-MOST project "Multicultural Policies and Modes of Citizenship in European Cities" (MPMC) will, in many ways, amount to a kind of complex mapping exercise. A great variety of institutions, frameworks, policies and processes concerning the participation of immigrants and ethnic minorities in local political affairs will be observed and compared across Europe. The research and the feedback received from both policy-makers and immigrant/ethnic minority groups themselves will doubtless raise new questions as to the degree of effectiveness different kinds of representation and consultation. The MPMC project will provide significant contemporary material with which people can explore "citizenship" in its broadest sense of bringing excluded people more fully into the democratic process. INSET: Management of social transformation (MOST).