1. Spectrum of steroid-resistant and congenital nephrotic syndrome in children: the PodoNet registry cohort.
- Author
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Trautmann A, Bodria M, Ozaltin F, Gheisari A, Melk A, Azocar M, Anarat A, Caliskan S, Emma F, Gellermann J, Oh J, Baskin E, Ksiazek J, Remuzzi G, Erdogan O, Akman S, Dusek J, Davitaia T, Özkaya O, Papachristou F, Firszt-Adamczyk A, Urasinski T, Testa S, Krmar RT, Hyla-Klekot L, Pasini A, Özcakar ZB, Sallay P, Cakar N, Galanti M, Terzic J, Aoun B, Caldas Afonso A, Szymanik-Grzelak H, Lipska BS, Schnaidt S, and Schaefer F
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Age Distribution, Age of Onset, Biopsy, Child, Child, Preschool, DNA Mutational Analysis, Europe epidemiology, Female, Genetic Markers, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents therapeutic use, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Kidney Transplantation, Latin America epidemiology, Male, Middle East epidemiology, Mutation, Nephrotic Syndrome diagnosis, Nephrotic Syndrome epidemiology, Nephrotic Syndrome genetics, Nephrotic Syndrome therapy, Phenotype, Prospective Studies, Recurrence, Registries, Remission Induction, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative diagnosis, Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative epidemiology, Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative genetics, Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative therapy, Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental diagnosis, Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental epidemiology, Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental genetics, Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental therapy, Nephrosis, Lipoid diagnosis, Nephrosis, Lipoid epidemiology, Nephrosis, Lipoid genetics, Nephrosis, Lipoid therapy, Nephrotic Syndrome congenital
- Abstract
Background and Objectives: Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome is a rare kidney disease involving either immune-mediated or genetic alterations of podocyte structure and function. The rare nature, heterogeneity, and slow evolution of the disorder are major obstacles to systematic genotype-phenotype, intervention, and outcome studies, hampering the development of evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic concepts. To overcome these limitations, the PodoNet Consortium has created an international registry for congenital nephrotic syndrome and childhood-onset steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome., Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: Since August of 2009, clinical, biochemical, genetic, and histopathologic information was collected both retrospectively and prospectively from 1655 patients with childhood-onset steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, congenital nephrotic syndrome, or persistent subnephrotic proteinuria of likely genetic origin at 67 centers in 21 countries through an online portal., Results: Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome manifested in the first 5 years of life in 64% of the patients. Congenital nephrotic syndrome accounted for 6% of all patients. Extrarenal abnormalities were reported in 17% of patients. The most common histopathologic diagnoses were FSGS (56%), minimal change nephropathy (21%), and mesangioproliferative GN (12%). Mutation screening was performed in 1174 patients, and a genetic disease cause was identified in 23.6% of the screened patients. Among 14 genes with reported mutations, abnormalities in NPHS2 (n=138), WT1 (n=48), and NPHS1 (n=41) were most commonly identified. The proportion of patients with a genetic disease cause decreased with increasing manifestation age: from 66% in congenital nephrotic syndrome to 15%-16% in schoolchildren and adolescents. Among various intensified immunosuppressive therapy protocols, calcineurin inhibitors and rituximab yielded consistently high response rates, with 40%-45% of patients achieving complete remission. Confirmation of a genetic diagnosis but not the histopathologic disease type was strongly predictive of intensified immunosuppressive therapy responsiveness. Post-transplant disease recurrence was noted in 25.8% of patients without compared with 4.5% (n=4) of patients with a genetic diagnosis., Conclusions: The PodoNet cohort may serve as a source of reference for future clinical and genetic research in this rare but significant kidney disease., (Copyright © 2015 by the American Society of Nephrology.)
- Published
- 2015
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