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Introduction: A deprivation index has become a more popular tool to rank levels of deprivation within different geographic areas. It is extensively used for monitoring health inequalities, evaluating health care services, developing and modifying health policies and programs, and allocating health resources equitably. Our objectives are (1) to explore the relevant literature to describe features of composite deprivation measures; (2) create a list and classification of original deprivation indices. We will develop the classification of indices to systematize knowledge and improve the functional utility of the information. Methods: Any original deprivation index mentioned in peer-reviewed or grey literature documents will be eligible for inclusion if it assesses deprivation at a population level and used in relation to health. The study area will be limited to the geographic areas of North America, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. Tables and a narrative summary will be used to describe features of deprivation indices. Diagrammatic form will be used to create the classification of deprivation indices. Discussion: Practically, the results of this study could facilitate finding a common language among researchers and specialists who create and use deprivation indices, thus helping the development and implementation of appropriate deprivation indices for different countries.

The article presents data on the mortality trends in Russia during the last decade in comparison with other countries in Europe. It is shown that in spite the decline in death rates, Russia remains among the countries with the highest mortality rates from CVD. The specifics of mortality that distinguish Russia from other countries are described: a large variability between regions in mortality levels, differences between sexes, dependence on geographical location and socio-economic development of the regions, and late referral to a doctor in life-threatening conditions. The article emphasizes the role of risk factors and accessibility and quality of medical care to the population, as the two main components of the mechanism for changing mortality from CVD.

The CLARIFY register (The prospeCtive observational LongitudinAl RegIstry oF patients with stable coronary arterY disease) combined data of outpatients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) from 45 countries including Russia. Purpose of this publication was to analyze dynamics of stable angina during 5 years of follow up in the Russian CLARIFY cohort compared with cohorts of patients from European and non-European countries., Material and Methods: Number of patients recruited in Russia was 2249., Results: During 5 years of observation proportion of angina decreased by 65.5, 39.5 and 37.0% in Russia, European and non-European countries, respectively. Proportion of patients with heart rate (HR) <60 bpm at the beginning of observation was 17.4, 25.4 and 23.4% in Russia, European and non-European countries, respectively. By the end of 5 years there was a significant increase in the proportion of patients with HR <70 bpm in Russia, while in Europe and other countries response to HR reducing therapy was much more modest. Perhaps this was due to improved treatment of patients recruited in Russia, for example, ivabradine at the end of the observation period was prescribed two times more than in the beginning. Patients from Russia had significantly lower all cause mortality compared with patients recruited in European countries (p<0.03); no significant differences were observed between Russian and European cohorts in cardiovascular mortality and rates of fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction and stroke., Conclusion: Results of the CLARIFY register showed that continuous monitoring of patients with (annual visit and telephone contact between visits) was associated with reduction of angina in stable coronary artery disease from 75 to 58%. Only 26.6% of patients did not reach HR of 70 bpm. During 5 years of follow up mortality from cardiovascular diseases among patients from Russia did not differ from that among patients from non-European countries and was significantly lower than among patients from Europe (RR=0.83, p<0.05).

Aim: To determine the current prevalence and control of major cardiovascular risk factors in stable CAD outpatients worldwide., Methods: We analysed variations in cardiovascular risk factors in stable CAD outpatients from CLARIFY, a 5-year observational longitudinal cohort study, in seven geographical zones (Western/Central Europe; Canada/South Africa/Australia/UK; Eastern Europe; Central/South America; Middle East; East Asia; and India)., Results: Patient presentation (N=32,954, mean age 64.2 years, 78% male) varied between zones, as did prevalence of risk factors (all p < 0.0001). Obesity ranged from 20% (East Asia) to 42% (Middle East), raised blood pressure from 28% (Central/South America and East Asia) to 48% (Eastern Europe), raised LDL cholesterol from 24% (Canada/South Africa/Australia/UK) to 65% (Eastern Europe), elevated heart rate (≥70 bpm) from 38% (Western/Central Europe) to 78% (India), diabetes from 17% (Eastern Europe) to 60% (Middle East), and smoking from 6% (Central/South America) to 19% (Eastern Europe). Aspirin and lipid-lowering drugs were widely used everywhere (≥84% and ≥88%, respectively). Rates of risk factor control varied geographically (all p < 0.0001). Rate of controlled blood pressure in hypertension varied from 47% (Eastern Europe) to 66% (Central/South America), glucose control in diabetes from 23% (India) to 51% (Western/Central Europe and East Asia), controlled LDL cholesterol and dyslipidaemia from 32% (Eastern Europe) to 75% (Canada/South Africa/Australia/UK), heart rate <70 bpm from 22% (India) to 62% (Western/Central Europe), and heart rate ≤60 bpm in angina patients from 2% (India) to 29% (Canada/South Africa/Australia/UK and Central/South America)., Conclusion: Prevalence and control of major cardiovascular risk factors in stable CAD vary markedly worldwide. Many stable CAD outpatients are being treated suboptimally., (© The European Society of Cardiology 2014.)