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Based on records of the European Research Council, we find that public investments in R&D shape the patterns of cross-border mobility among elite scientists in Europe. However, scientists do not systematically choose locations abroad that provide greater funding than their origin. Rather, we identify a high quality and performance of science systems as the main determinant for relocating in Europe, which corroborates the multiplying effect by resident top faculty attracting the best young talents from abroad. Notably, we also find preliminary evidence on the effectiveness of national research excellence initiatives policies as regards their ability to tap into the global talent pool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The smart specialisation concept, aimed at generating unique assets and capabilities based on a region's industry structure and knowledge base, is currently-widely implemented across Europe. The literature on the implementation of regional smart specialisation strategies is not, however, abundant. This article introduces the practical implementation of smart specialisation processes in two Finnish regions: Ostrobothnia and Lapland. The article analyses similarities and differences in the smart specialisation implementation processes in different regions within the same national context, and also analyses what is really new in the two smart specialisation strategies. The findings indicate that implementing regional smart specialisation strategies is a challenging and time-consuming exercise. They also suggest that the key concepts associated with smart specialisation have not yet been fully adopted by the regions. In order to fully implement the smart specialisation strategies, regions need to dedicate enough time and resources to the implementation phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Comparative Economic Research is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Comparative Economic Research is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Schmollers Jahrbuch is the property of Duncker & Humblot GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the decrease of European countries' public and private investments concerning research and development (R&D) in electricity industry, as of 2012, and the connection with deregulation in the sector. The author analyses data about R&D budgets from a panel of 13 European countries including Great Britain, France and Germany, comments on the R&D output, and compares the number of patents given to energy producers in U.S. and Europe.

The article focuses on a study that identified the use of Structural Funds for public health research. For this the European Union (EU) Study, STEPS (Strengthening Public Health Research in Europe) was developed to assess the public health research systems in Europe. Findings through STEPS revealed that Public health research is not prioritized in the EU's Structural Funds programme.

The purpose of this article is to describe gender gap in a field of research and development (abbr. R&D) and to investigate the changes after entry to EU. The research on gender gap is mainly focused on business enterprise sector. The paper presents comparative and descriptive statistics by using a secondary data and information across a period between 2004 and 2007. First part presents an overview of R&D personnel and R&D expenditures in each country. Consequently it compares three groups of countries. Next part investigates the honeypot indicators and the correlations between personnel and expenses on R&D. Due to using different base for calculation of personnel, diverse results of correlation were achieved. The results confirmed that statement mentioned in introduction is still valid after 6 years and entry to EU. The last part deals with the main findings regarding women researchers in business enterprise sector across European countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author reflects on information communication and technology (ICT) contests which could also be implemented by more U.S. and European government agencies in allocating research and development funding with public participation. The author tackles the Grand Challenge Race sponsored by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) which has sought for the first autonomous robot. She mentions the key components of ICT contests including challenge, marketing, and application process.

The author discusses the biotechnology and life sciences industry in Europe. Topics discussed include Great Britain emerging as the most preferred destination for innovative projects due to rise in research and development investments, sell-offs in biotechnology stocks, and concerns of potential investors over high drug prices.

The article reports on the research on biomedical research and development (R&D) spending in the U.S., Europe and Asia-Oceania. It highlights the trend of expenditure between 2007 and 2012 which indicated a drop in annual growth rates except in China and South Korea. It also notes that funds from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is not a potential way of retaining R&D leadership in the American nation.

The article reports on the urban mobility package plans adopted by the European Union (EU) Commission for towns and cities. It notes that the exchange of best practice and targeted financial support as well as investment in research and development will be provided by EU to stimulate shift in cities and towns towards cleaner and more sustainable transport. It adds that other supporting measures under the package includes urban logistics, urban access regulation, and coordinated action.

The article focuses on the qualities of Human Computer Confluence (HCC), a cyberpsychology research in Europe. It says that HCC, which was launched by Future and Emerging Technologies (FET), supports developments of long-term technological innovation. It mentions three projects which will be financially supported by HCC such as Collective Experience of Empathic Data System (CEEDs),Virtual Embodiment and Robotic Re-Embodiment (VERE), and Human Computer Confluence Research in Action (HC2).