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Boundaries between work and private life are diminishing, but little is known on how this influences worker health. Therefore, we examined the association between work-related contacts outside of regular working hours by e-mail or phone and self-reported health in a representative sample of European employees ( n = 23 760). The risk of reporting ≥1 health problem(s) was increased in workers contacted sometimes (odds ratio [OR]: 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.27) or often (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.12-1.34) as compared with never, controlling for several demographic and workplace characteristics. Further research is needed to quantify work and nonwork patterns and their health effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Television broadcasting throughout Europe has historically been heavily regulated by the state to ensure public policy objectives are met. For public service broadcasters this has included coverage and content obligations that have combined to set out the parameters for the activities of these broadcasters. This regulatory culture has been carried throughout the development of broadcasting, originating in radio and then being transferred to television in the 1940s. However, today the regulation of public broad- casters and the framework developed to ensure obligations are achieved has been questioned on a number of fronts. Technology, market power, the quality of services and the changing med ía landscape have all raised the issue of how satisfactory the cur- rent regulation of public broadcasters is to account for the changing nature of the sector. In this context the article outlines how and who regulates public sector broadcasters to ensure that they are accountable. It concludes with an assessment of these instruments iii consideration of the changing television environment across Western Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Description Minimally invasive technologies have improved outcomes after esophagectomy and the use of robotic technology in Europe is rapidly increasing. Aim of this study is to evaluate the introduction of new technologies in a center of excellence for upper gastrointestinal surgery. Methods A standardized teaching protocol of a complete OR team was performed in simulation and animal models at the center for the future of surgery (San Diego, CA) and IRCAD (Strasbourg, France) to receive certification as console surgeons. Starting 02/2017 the davinci xi and stryker ICG laparoscopy systems were introduced at our academic center (certified center of excellence for surgery of the upper gastrointestinal tract, n > 300 esophageal cases/year). After simple training procedures based on our minimally invasive expertise were performed, difficulty was increased based on a modular step up approach to safely perform robotic thoracic assisted Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. Results From 02/2017–02/2018, a total of 35 robotic cases were performed. All cases were performed safely without operation-associated complications. Level of difficulty was increased based on our modular step up approach without quality compromises. Video documentation using the new technology is provided. Conclusion The standardized training protocol and our modular step up approach allowed safe introduction of the new technology used. All cases were performed safely without operation-associated complications. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]