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The article discusses foreign economic relations and monetary policies in Germany and the Netherlands in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The author focuses on the connection between prices and wages in the context of the Dutch government's efforts to insure the international economic competitiveness of the Netherlands. Aspects considered include the influence of the gold standard, inflation in Germany during the post-World War I reconstruction period, and currency exchange rates between Dutch guilders and German marks.

Reconstructs the debate on the disappearance of silver coins from circulation early in the 17th century in the Kingdom of Naples in Europe. Exchange rate determination; Bills of exchange; Legal parity; Explanations advanced by Marc' Antonio De Santis and Antonio Serra for the disappearance of gold and silver coins.

Looks at the bimetallic currency union negotiations in Europe in 1898. Negotiation of Europe with the United States.